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PORTABLE COMPUTER USER’S MANUAL , ‘. 9 ‘:‘: Comrjuter System En) heering liliC=1Qvo;cZ CbXRACiOIl Shinei Bldg, 8-5 Nishishinjuku 3-chome, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160 JAPAN Telephone: (03) 3774661: . ’ Telex: 2325279 MVOICE J Table of Contents [ 1 1 General Description ------------------------------------------- 1 [21 System Architecture ------------------------------------------- 2 [31 System Features --------------------------------------------- 3 [41 Physical Characteristics ---------------I------------------------ 3 [51 Hardware Specifications ---------------------------------------- 4 IX-1 C P U - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 m-2 M-3 ---------------------------------------------- 4 ------------------------------------------------- 4 Memory DMA PI-4 CTC (Counter & Timer) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 [51-S Floppy Disk Drive - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 Dl-6 Video Display - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 [U-7 Thermal Printer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 PI-8 EP-ROM Programmer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7 . PI-9 K e y b o a r d - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . [61 8 ES]-10 S e r i a l I / O P o r t s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11 [S]-11 P a r a l l e l I / O P o r t s ’ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 Expansionfnterface SpecificationsLIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 13 w-1 W-2 Nl-3 RI-4 [U-5 5.25” E x p a n s i o n F l o p p y D i s k D r i v e s ( F D - 5 ) - - - m - - m - - - - 14 8” Expansion Floppy Disk Drives (FD-8) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 Centronics Standard Printer Interface (FP-80) -m-w--- 17 RS-232-C Interface - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22 B i g g e r C R T I n t e r f a c e (FM-g) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22 . t71 Expansion Device Connection Bigger CRT wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww-www--Connection wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww- [Ill-7-7 KBSTS (System’s Keyboard Status 26 [ll]-7-8 LPRINT ( C e n t r o n i c s S t a n d a r d P r i n t e r C o n t r o l ) - - - 7 4 VI-1 FM-9 m-2 FD-5 & F D - 8 F l o p p y D i s k D r i v e s C o n n e c t i o n VI-3 FP-80 External Printer Connection ------------------- 31 wwwwwwwwwww 2 63 26 [II]-7-9 UCRT ( R S - 2 3 2 - C C h a n n e l - B D a t a 7 Check) Output) -------- wwwwwwwwww 74 [11]-7-10 UKD ( R S - 2 3 2 - C C h a n n e l - B D a t a I n p u t ) -wwwwwwwwwww 75 [ll]-7-11 USIOTN ( R S - 2 3 2 - C C h a n n e l - A D a t a I n p u t ) wwwwwwwww 75 [11]-7-12 USIOOUT ( R S - 2 3 2 - C C h a n n e l - A D a t a O u t p u t ) - - - - - - - 7 5 fQ1 Baud-Rate Setting wwwwww-wwwwwwww-- wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 34 [loI Initial Start wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 35 [ll]-7-13 .LPRNSTS 76 [ll]-7-14 UCRTSTS ( R S - 2 3 2 - C C h a n n e l - B O u t p u t S t a t u s C h e c k ) 76 [ll]-7-15 DKBSTS ( R S - 2 3 2 - C C h a n n e l - B I n p u t S t a t u s C h e c k ) - 76 [lo]-1 M e m o r y A l l o c a t i o n a n d B o o t - S t r a p R O M - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 5 [PO)-2 S y s t e m S t a r t wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww t 111 ( C e n t r o n i c s P r i n t e r S t a t u s C h e c k ) wwwwww Software Specifications wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww-wwwww- 39 [111-l O p e r a t i n g S y s t e m wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww--w--- 39 [ll]-2 CP/M-80 S y s t e m F u n c t i o n s wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 41 [ll]-3 D e v i c e A l l o c a t i o n wwwwwwwwwwwwLwwwwwwwwwwwww~wwwwwwww 43 [ll)-4 E x p a n s i o n F l o p p y D i s k D r i v e s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [Ill-7-17 USI(IOSTS ( N - 2 3 2 - C C h a n n e l - A O u t p u t S t a t u s C h e c k ) 7 7 45 [ll]-6 F i l e F o r m a t wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 45 -wwwwwww 5.25” T w o - S i d e d D o u b l e D e n s i t y D i s k e t t e 46 [HI-6-2 8 ” T w o - S i d e d D o u b l e D e n s i t y D i s k e t t e - - - - - - - - - - - 46 [HI-7-18 C R T I N I T ( S y s t e m ' s C R T I n i t i a l i z e ) wwwwwwwwwwww-w 77 [Ill-8 S y s t e m U t i l i t y P r o g r a m s -w-w-wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 78 [11)-8-l FORMAT wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww78 44 [ 1 1 1 - 5 B I O S wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww---w-w- [111-6-l [ll]-7-16 U S I O I S T S ( R S - 2 3 2 - C C h a n n e l - A I n p u t S t a t u s C h e c k ) 7 7 37 [ll]-8-2 FSYSGEN ww----wwwwwwwwwwwwLwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 82 [ll]-8-3 SYSTEM wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 85 [ll]-8-4 PROMW wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww88 WI [111-8-S FUNC wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 100 Inside of the Formula-I wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 106 [123-l G e n e r a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f Z80A F a m i l y C h i p s - - - - - - - - - 1 0 6 [ll]-7 I / O P r o g r a m S p e c i f i c a t i o n s wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww~w 47 [121-1-l S e r i a l I / O (280A S I O ) wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 106 [111-7-l P r o c e d u r e f o r I / O P r o g r a m C a l l i n g - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 8 [121-l-2 P a r a l l e l I / O (ZBOA P I O ) wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww 108 [ll]-7-2 I P L (Initial Program L o a d ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 51 [12]-l-3 C o u n t e r & T i m e r (280A C T C ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 0 8 (111-7-3 F D C ( F l o p p y D i s k C o n t r o l ) [ll]-7-4 CRT ( S y s t e m ' s [ll]-7-5 P R I N T ( S y s t e m ' s [ll]-7-6 KB (System's wwwwwwwwwwwww~wwwwwwww 5 1 Control)---------------------- 56 P r i n t e r C o n t r o l ) --h------------ 61 CRT Keyboard Control) -ii- w-w-----w----w--- 6 3 [121-l-4 D i r e c t M e m o r y A c c e s s (ZSOA D M A ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 0 9 [121-l-5 I n t e r r u p t wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww-w--w-wwww-wwwwwww [12]-2 I / O M a p wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww-wwwwwwwwwwwwww -iii- 109 110 t131 Bundled Software Packages ---------------------~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 158 f B u n d l e d S o f t w a r e P a c k a g e s - - - - - - - - - - - 119 [131-l I n s t a l l a t i o n o[13)-Z F u n c t i o n - K e y s A s s i g n m e n t f o r W o r d S t a r --------------d 120 [13]-3 Option Commands for W o r d S t a r & I n f o S t a r S Y S T E M - - - - - - 121 [l3]-4 P r o c e d u r e o f F i l e C o p y ---------------------~~~~~~~~~ 122 [131-S P r o c e d u r e o f A s s i g n i n g E x t e r n a l P r i n t e r - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2 3 [ 1 I; General Description The Formula-l, a l l - i n - o n e p o r t a b l e c o m p u t e r , i s d e v e l o p e d for anyone who needs a complete business computer system at a reasonable price, is miniaturized and lightened to be portable. This computer is a high-performance and multi-purpose microcomputer system, c o n s i s t o f 2 d i s k d r i v e s o f 5 . 2 5 ” t w o - s i d e d d o u b l e d e n s i t y ( a p p r o x i m a t e r e c o r d i n g c a p a c i t y i s 716K b y t e s a f t e r F o r m a t ) , 5.5” CRT, Keyboard, Thermal Printer, EP-ROM Programmer as well as Serial & Parallel I/O Interface, all packed in one case. Further., i t i s p o s s i b l e t o w r i t e - i n & r e a d - o u t E P - R O M s , and use for personal computing easily. It is available as a powerful software development tool and a complete business computer system, i f a l i n e p r i n t e r , 8” f l o p p y d i s k d r i v e , e t c . are being externally connected. T h e F o r m u l a - l cses t h e C P / M - 8 0 V e r s i o n 2 . 2 a s a n Operating System, t h e r e f o r e t h e s o f t w a r e d e v e l o p e d b y o t h e r c o m p u t e r s y s t e m s o f d i f f e r e n t a r c h i t e c t u r e c a n k e e p mutualt r a n s f e r a b i l i t y , a s l o n g a s t h e y a r e b a s e d o n t h e CP/M-80 Operating System. The CPU of this computer is 280A, which enables high speed processing. . The memory of the Formula-l being equipped with RAM 64K bytes along with Boot-Strap ROM 4K bytes. RAM is 64K bits x 8 dynamic RAM and all of the 64K bytes memory spaces are used for user-programmable area. ROM is 4K bytes EP-ROM, used only for Boot-Strap. At the state of Boot-Strap the system program will b e l o a d e d f r o m t h e 5.23” f l o p p y d i s k e t t e i n t o t h e m a i n m e m o r y . l .* ;i. * Note : CP/M i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f D i g i t a l R e s e a r c h . WordStar, CalcStar a n d I n f o S t a r a r e r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k s o f MicroPro. Other program name, system name, etc. are their original trademarks of the each company. Z80A i s a r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e m a r k o f Zilog I n c . T h e u s e r c a n a c c e s s d i r e c t l y , d u e t o t h e I/O c o n t r o l program, w h i c h h a s b e e n a l l o c a t e d i n t h e f i x e d a r e a . Expansion floppy disk drive can be expanded to 2 units, either by 5.25" or b y 8” f l o p p y d i s k d r i v e s . These devices can be used as an external memory with a maximum capacity of 2M bytes b y c o n n e c t i n g t w o 8 ” f l o p p y d i s k d r i v e s Df t w o - s i d e d d o u b l e density. The EP-ROM Programmeron the Formula-l can be operated in conversational style with CRT and keyboard. You can write-in a n d r e a d - o u t 4 k i n d s o f E P - R O M s , w h i c h a r e a s follows:2716 (Intel) / 2516 (TI), 2732 (Intel), 2532 (TI) and . 2764 (Intel). Besides the 2 Serial I/O Ports of RS-232-C, 2 Parallel I/O P o r t s o f 8-bits, B i g g e r C R T I n t e r f a c e a r e e q u i p p e d i n s t a n d a r d . RS-232-C can use either Synchronous or Asynchronous mode (Start Stop Synchronous). In standard, both ports are Start Stop Synchronous mode. The Parallel I/O Ports are programmable and. can designate I/O by bit-unit according to the program. Usually, this port is used for an external printer. You can o n l y c o n n e c t d i r e c t l y , e x t e r n a l p r i n t e r w i t h C e n t r o n i c s StaniInterface. Y o u c a n a l s o c o n n e c t a n e x t e r n a l b i g g e r C R T whit being d r i v e n by composite video signal. -iV- -t- e - [ 3 J System Features [ 21 System Architecture Following shows the block diagram of the Formula-l. CPU Z80A r i 1 BOOT-STRAP , MEMORY RAM 64 K/B ROM 4 K/B 1 , , t ’ KEY BOARD DMAC 2808 DMA ’ CONTROLLER CTC Z80A CTC 80 COLUMNS 5” THERMAL PRINTER , ml+ . PRINTER CONTROLLER 1. The Z80A CPU operating at 4 MHz being used in the Formula-l. 2. The main memory consist of 64K bits x 8 dynamic RAM, and the memory capacity for the user’s programmable area being 64K b y t e s . 3. This system is very reliable due we are using many kinds of LSI and multi-layered PCB. 4. As a result of using DMA, t h e d a t a t r a n s f e r i s i n h i g h speed., a n d t h e b u r d e n o f t h e s o f t w a r e b e i n g d e c r e a s e d . 5. The system’s CRT has semi-graphic function. 6. Loaded with EP-ROM Programmer enables you to write-in and read-out 4 kinds of EP-ROMs (2716/2516, 2732, 2532 and 2 7 6 4 ) o n t h e CP/M-80 b a s i s . 7. All the necessary devices are packed in one case, miniaturized and lightened to be portable sufficient for data processing purposes. 8. T h e CP/M-80 i s u s e d a s a n O p e r a t i n g S y s t e m o f t h e F o r m u l a - l . 9. Various kinds of application software packages are available o n t h e CP/M-80 b a s i s . [ 4 ] Physical Characteristics 271612516, 2732,2532, l I I Dimensions 424(W) x 555(D) x 212(H) mm Weight 15 kgs Power Supply ACllOVilOX, SO/BOHz o Power Consumption Maximum 2OOW Fuse : ACllOV-2At Environment O p e r a t i n g t e m p e r a r a r e i s f r o m 5’ C t o 40' C. I 2764 r AC230V*lOX, 50/60Hz G230V-1A P r e s e r v a t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e i s f r o m -10’ C t o 55” c . ( B u t a d i s k e t t e i s f r o m 1 0 ” C t o SO0 C . ) Relative humidity (no dewdrops) i s f r o m 10% to 90%. ("1 or *2 : Expansion Floppy Disk Drives) F i g . 1 : Formula-l Hardware Block Diagram ’ p . *. f5j -4 [ 5 ] Hardware Specifications [q-r C P U '. i . .': 1. I' ' CTC(Counter & Timer) Device Z80A CTC Device Z80A CPU (Clock: 4 MHz) Channels 4 Channels (Channel #O - Channel #3) Word Size 8 bits/byte Clock 4 MHz at Timer Mode Processing Method 8 bits parallel binary Mode Counter & Timer Mode Commands 1-4 bytes/command, commands-158 C h a n n e l #O 8 bits Programmable Timer C h a n n e l [q-2 Memory Device ROM: EP- ROM 4K bytes RAM: Dyn amic RAM Use 64K bytes (64K bits x 8) Baud-Rate setting of Serial I/O Channel-A #1 C h a n n e l #2 Baud-Rate setting of Serial I/O C h a n n e l #3 8 bits Programmable Counter & Timer Interruption Break-out of Interruption Vector according to demand of each channel ROM: Initial Program Loader (IPL & X/O Control Program) * Zero Count * Time Out RAM: Main Memory o f 64 K bytes used for user's progra mmab le area. DMA Transfer Channel-B Memory to Memory, Memory to I/O [d-5 Floppy Disk Drive Type of Disk ($3 D M A Device Z80A DMA Mode Byte (cycle steal) Functions Data transfer between 2 Ports (I/O or Memory), Search of 8 bits data co mbin ation & Burst Mode of data transfer and data . se arch between 2 Ports. Channels 1 channel (2 Ports) Use Floppy disk drive Serial I/O Port Parallel I/O Port 5.25" two-sided double density x 2 units Capacity 358K b y t e s / d i s k d r i v e Data Bytes/Sector 1 2 8 bytes/sector(FM),256 Sectors/Track 18 sectors/track Cylinders/Disk Drive 40 cylinders/disk drive Tracks/Disk Drive 80 tracks/disk drive Recording Method FMIMFM Recording Interruption Drive Density . Track Density (Track 0, Side 0 -. FM method) 2938 BP1 (FM), Rotational Speed 300 RPM Break-Out of Interruption Vector according Data Transfer Rate 12SK Transfer Method DMA Transfer Average of Access Time 100 mS Average of Seek Time 9 3 mS bits/set DMA'demand End of data transfer Matching at data searching -4- 5876 BP1 (MFM) 48 TPI Memory to conditions bytes/sector(MFM) (FK), 250K bits/sec(MFM) . !. . (51-7 Thermal Printer Seek Time 6 mS Settling Time 15 mS Method Thermal Head Load Time 50 mS Characters 80 columns/lines (maximum) Motor Start Time 400 mS English/Figures, Small Letters of English, Marks - Total 96 Reserved capacity : 64 [5j-6 Video Display f Semi-graphic patterns - Total 96 CRT Size 5.5" (Green, non-glare coating), 95(H) x 70(V) mm Characters 80 columns/line x 24 lines Format 5 x 7 dot matrix : character mode 7 x 7 dot matrix : semi-graphic mode Line Spacing 4.5 mm English/Figures, Small Letters of English, Marks - Total 96 Direction Reserved capacity : 64 Character Generator 2K bytes, EP-ROE Semi-graphic patterns - Total 96 Character Code ASCII Format 6 x 7 dot matrix : character mode 8 x 8 dot matrix : semi-graphic mode Printing Width 103 mm Paper Cursor Underline blinking (16 frames interval) 127(W) x 65(Dia.) mm roll paper No. TP-5OCA127 by Jujo Seishi Mode Non-interlace mode Method Video RAM method (I/O map) Video RAM Capacity 2K bytes, static RAM Character Generator 2K bytes EP-ROM Character Code ASCII Interface TTL level (active logic), separate type Expansion Interface Composite video signal for bigger CRT, l.SV P-P (Video: l.OV) Gain 23 dB Video Frequency 16 MHz Horizontal 60 Hz (free run oscillator) Vertical Frequency [5] -8 EP-ROM Programmer EP-ROM * * * * 2716 2732 2532 2764 (Intel) / 2516 (TI) (Intel) (TI) (Intel) However, * Video Signal * Horizontal Synchronous Signal * Vertical Synchronous Signal Frequency . From left to right programming voltage for 271612516, 2732 is 25V and 2764 is 21V. Programming Pulse 50 mS (Hardware Timer) Selection of EP-ROM Programmable When using EP-ROM, you should adjust the slide switch on the right of EP-ROM socket UP or DOWN, according to specific EP-ROM, you intend to use. 15.77 KHz (free run oscillator) -60 -7- Special-Keys [q-Q Keyboard Arrangement Full-Keys (Conformed to ASCII format) + Numeric-Keys + Function-Keys Code ASCII Code Shift Mode Shift code of Full-Keys being output by holding <SHIFT> k e y down and press Data-Keys a t t h e s a m e time. Control Mode C o n t r o l c o d e 01(H)-lA(H) b e i n g o u t p u t b y h o l d i n g <CTRL> k e y d o w n a n d p r e s s D a t a - K e y s a t t h e s a m e time. Function-Keys * Fl , FZ , F3 , F4 e FS ) F6 s F7 ) F8 B F9 + RESET : S y s t e m - R e s e t k e y . The system is set at initial state by holding <CTRL> key down and press <RESET> key at the same time. + FEED : R o l l P a p e r F e e d K e y . Roll paper is fed by hitting this key. * CAP LOCK : Capstan Lock Key. By locking this key, alphabet is changed from lower case to upper case. = SHIFT LOCK : Shift Lock K e y . By locking this key, full keys are changed to shift mode. I These key codes are assigned 8 bytes by ‘FUNC’ command of System Utility Program. * HOME , - , - , t # 1 Hardware Scanning Inter Lock N-Key roll over Character Generator 2K bytes, EP-ROM These cursor control key codes are assigned 2 bytes by ‘FUNC’ command of System Utility Program. At the first time these key codes are initialized as follows. Switches Momentary & Alternate, Mechanical contact Chattering L e s s t h a n 5 mS ‘H’ Key Top Step sculpture type <ESC> ‘C’ Letters W i t h l e g e n d (doubl#e:-shot Numbers of Key 91 keys <ES0 <ESC> Numeric-Keys Scanning Method ‘D’ t <ESC> ‘ A ’ 5 <ESC> ‘ B ’ These keys can be programmed as Keys if you do not intend to use The codes are assigned 2 entry. ‘FUNC’ command of System Utility -8- I molding) I The Keyboard layout is on the following page. Functionfor numeric bytes by Program. / i / 1 t -g- ’ f5J -10 Serial I/O Ports Z8OA SIO Device * Asynchronous (Start Stop Synchronous) * Synchronous * HDLC/SDLC Channels 2 Channels (Channel-A, Channel-B) Baud-Rate Clock CTC (Programmable) Baud-Rate * Asynchronous mode 150, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 1 9 2 0 0 BPS . * Synchronous mode 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 3 8 4 0 0 BPS 9600, 9600, 19200, Set by DIP-Switches, each channel independently. Interface * Channel-A : RS-232-C + C h a n n e l - B : RS-232-C or 20mA Current-Loop DMA When Transmitting/Receiving buffer is at I t fs p o s s i b l e t o state of readiness. input to CPU, DMA transfer request by specific program. Interruption B r e a k - O u t of Interrur+tion V e c t o r b y t h e f o l l o w i n g condition,an are o n l y p o s s i b l e w i t h specific program. * * + * Transmitting buffer is empty. Receiving character is valid. Change of status Break-out errors (Parity, Over Run, Framing, End of Frame) [5l-11 Parallel l/O Ports Device [ 6 ] Expansion Interface Specifications 280A P I 0 * * * *r * The Formula-l’s Expansion Interface Specifications are Byte output mode Byte input mode Byte bi-directional mode (only Port-A) Bit mode Port 8 bits x 2 ports (Port-A, Port-B) Handshake Line 2 lines each port (Ready, Strobe) Interface TTL level (Using Centronics Standard Interface as our standard.) DMA The DMA transfer requests Break-Out by the in coming ‘DMAREQ signal from outside the system unit. Therefore, i t i s p o s s i b l e t o input to CPU, DMA transfer requests by specific program. Interruption Break-Out of Interruption Vector by . as follows. * 5 . 2 5 ” f l o p p y d i s k d r i v e s (FD-5) * 8” floppy disk drives (FD-8) * Centronics Standard Interface Printer (FP-80) * RS-232-C Serial Interface * 20mA Current-Loop Serial Interface * Bigger CRT which is driven by composite video signal. (FM-g) By using connectors on the rear side, expansion devices can be connected directly. Further, Baud-Rate of Serial Ports and Jumper can be set respectively. The layout of the rear view is as follows. 0 the following conditions are only possible with specific program. 0 RS-2320C(CH-8) * Receiving strobe signal from the external devices at the byte output mode. * Receiving strobe signal from the external devices at the byte input mode. * Receiving strobe signal (for input or output) from the external devices at the byte bi-directional mode. * When the conditions are true at the state of bit mode. Parallel I/O Connector Connector' 8” Floppy Disk J Drive Connector \ Fuse Power Switch 5.25” Floppy Dis Drive Connector J FIR. 3 : R e a r V i e w o f the F o r m u l a - l -120 AC Connector -t3- /\ %7 / 1\ [5j-11 Parallel I/O Ports Device [ 6 ] Expansion Interface Specifications Z80A PI0 The Formula-l’s Expansion Interface Specifications are as follows. * Byte output mode * Byte input mode * Byte bi-directional mode (only Port-A) * 5.25” floppy disk drive8 (FD-3) * 8” f l o p p y d i s k d r i v e s (FD-8) * C e n t r o n i c s S t a n d a r d I n t e r f a c e P r i n t e r (FP-80) * RS-232-C Serfal Interface * 20mA Current-Loop Serial Interface * Bigger CRT which is driven by composite video signal. (FM-g) +- Bit mode : ,:. , * I’ I ., .t . .,;c” Port 8 bits x 2 ports (Port-A, Port-B) Handshake Line 2 lines each port (Ready, Strobe) Interface TTL l e v e l ( U s i n g C e n t r o n i c s S t a n d a r d DMA The DMA transfer requests Break-Out by the in By using connectors on the rear aide, expansion devices c a n b e c o n n e c t e d d i r e c t l y . Further, Baud-Rate of Serial Ports and Jumper can be set respectively. The layout of the rear view is as follows. Interface as our standard.) c o m i n g ‘m s i g n a l f r o m o u t s i d e t h e Therefore, it i s p o s s i b l e t o system unit. input to CPU, DMA transfer requests by specific program. Interruption Break-Out of Interruption Vector by the following conditions are only possible with Fan. specific program. /O 0 RS-232~C(CH-B) Cormstor * Receiving strobe signal from the external devices at the byte output mode. + Receiving strobe signal from the external devices at the byte input mode. L’ r‘. . _- - Parallel I/O Connector Connector * Receiving strobe signal (for input or output) from the external devices at the byte bi-directional mode. 8” Floppy Disu Drive Connector . * When the conditions are true at the state of bit mode. Jumper, Baud-RatA \Fuse Power Switch 5.25” Floppy Dis Drive Connector J F i g . 3 : Rear View of the Formula-l -12- F . AC Connector -130 [6]-1 5.25” Expansion Floppy Disk Drives (FD-5) [6]-2 6” Expansion Floppy Disk Drives (FD-8) The Formula-l can be expanded to 2 disk drives by the same In this case, specification as the system floppy disk drive. remove the terminator from the expansion floppy disk drives. A l l o c a t e ‘#2’, ‘#3’ t o p h y s i c a l d i s k d r i v e a d d r e s s b e c a u s e s y s t e m d i s k d r i v e h a s b e e n s e t u p o n ‘tO’,‘#l’. The Formula-l can be expanded to 2 disk drives (8”) of t h e following specification. I n t h i s c a s e , remove the terminator from the expansion floppy disk drive. A l l o c a t e ‘#2’,‘#3’ t o physical disk drive address because system disk drive has been a s s i g n e d t o ‘#O’,‘#l’. See the item No. < (51-5 F l o p p y D i s k D r i v e > a b o u t t h e Pertaining to the pin specification of 5.25” floppy disk drive. assignment of connectors and the signal name, refer to below table. The pin assignment and the signal name are on the following page < Table 2 : C o n n e c t o r S i g n a l o f 8 ” F l o p p y D i s k D r i v e >. 1 -- - I 9 11 w Signal Ground I I Signal Ground I I S i g n a l Ground 13 S i g n a l Ground 15 S i g n a l Ground I 12 ’ 1 14 17 Signal Ground -~~ 19 S i g n a l Ground 20 21 S i g n a l Ground 22 Tracks/Disk Drive I54 t r a c k s / d i s k d r i v e Recording Method FM/MFM DRrVE Recording Density 3 4 0 8 BPI(FM), DRIVE Track Density 48 TPI Rotational 360 RPM DRIVE I I I I 27 Speed Signal Ground 29 I Signal Ground 31 I Signal Ground I Signal Ground WRITE DATA 26 I 2 5 0 K b i t s / s e c ( F M ) , SOOK b i t s / s e c ( M F M ) 1 Average of Access Time 8 3 mS I Average of Seek Time 9 1 mS Seek Time 3 mS Settling Time 15 mS Head Load Time 50 mS I BRITE GATti 8 TRACK , I 1 WRITE PROTECT 1 28 30 I I 32 I I 34 1 *AD DAm SIDE SELECT DRIVE READY I I I T a b l e 1 : C o n n e c t o r S i g n a l o f 5 25” F l o p p y D i s k D r i v e l 6816 BPI(MFM) Data Transfer Rate I 1 24 Signal Ground I 33 brR- I Signal Ground 23 25 I I 128 bytes/sector (FM) 256 bytes/sector ( M F M ) Bytes/Sector ~~ 1 L I Data 77 cylinders/disk drive RON 18 997K b y t e s Cylinders/Disk Drive 16 -1 Capacity 26 sectors/track 1 I 8” two-sided double density Sectors/Track I INDEX PULSE 50 T y p e of D i s k .Drive . f Signal name Pin number Pin number , 1 Signal name [6] -3 Centronics Standard Printer Interface (FP-60) In a standard specification of the Formula-l, Parallel I/O Port can be connected with the Centronics Standard Interface Printer directly. As pin assignment of the Parallel I/O connector has no full c o m p a t i b i l i t y t o t h e C e n t r o n i c s Standarti P r i n t e r S p e c i f i c a t i o n , f o r d e t a i l s r e f e r t o < T a b l e 4 : Cable Connection for External P r i n t e r >. The logic of Parallel I/O Ports are shown in the following page < Fig. 4 : L o g i c o f P a r a l l e l I / O P o r t s > . Besides the other signals, the Parallel I/O Ports possess, t h e s i g n a l s o f ‘Dm!?‘, ‘m’, ‘m’. The explanation of these signals are as follows. 1. ’ .* 20 INDEX PULSE Signal Ground 21 S i g n a l Ground 22 DRIVE READY 23 25 S i g n a l Ground 24 26 b DRIVE 0 I I This s i g n a l i s a c t i v e ‘ L o w ’ , and available when using Parallel I/O for DMA transfer. U s i n g t h i s s i g n a l , i t i s necessary to set up the parameter in the DMA c o n t r o l l e r . This signal is connected to the ‘RDY’ terminal of DMA controller. . I 19 m ( D M A REQuest) - I n p u t 2 . COUNT - (DMA transfer COUNT) - Output This signal is active ‘Low’ and programmable, and when the number of byte of DMA transfer reaches a set value, a pulse signal is output. T h e r e a f t e r , e v e r y 2 5 6 b y t e s of data transfer one pulse being output. 3. I 35 I 37 I I 36 Signal Ground I Signal Ground I 38 1 WRITE I DATA I 39 I Signal Ground I 40 1 W R I T E GAm I 41 I Signal Ground I 42 I I 43 Signal Ground I 1 44 WRITE PROTECT 45 Signal Ground 46 READ DATA I -- 4’1 1 STEP I 49 48 I I - - - - - - - I !j” - TRACK - - O0 - - - - I I------ I T a b l e 2 : Connector Signal of 8’ Floppy Disk Drive -t6- BXTCLR (EXTernal C L O C K ) - I n p u t This signal is active ‘Low’, and it is the input signal o f t h e E x t e r n a l C l o c k a t t h e t i m e o f -using t h e C h a n n e l #3 o n ‘ C o u n t e r M o d e ’ o f Z80A C T C . See < Fig. 5 : L o g i c of. C o u n t e r & T-lEer > . +5v m8 lKnx0 - - - - 1 ,P3a PD5 ,2'7/ Dnd I; (SN75452)f =----rrrTl-i-lIr y7 A4 ' # 1 , I I I I '.PD3 A3 N3b d 2, 74 ,5$iLL--x &PI33 IYL (SN75452) A2}+1w-w----7.!PD1 N3a J 5 8 ,PDO (SN75452)'I 1 2' l 9 N2b 3 ARDY r bi (SN75452) I A5 t +v +5v Z80A PI0 3M 7 lmx8 -------- CHANNEL-A BAUD-RATE CLOCK K/TO1 CK/TGl CHANNEL-B BAUD-RATE CLOCK ZC/T02 CK/TGZ -Z80A CTC 1.2288MHz/153.6KHz ACK B7 B6 <COUNTER CLOCK 1 1.2288MHz/153.6KHz <COUNTER CLOCK 2 BUSY CK/TGO ZC/TOO B5 B4 1 83 82 M2b 3 v5 , 17 18, I A CK/TG3 <CTCCLK (Blank) ----I----------3 Bl BO BRDY I -1 (SN75452)l I II BSTB Fig. 5 : Logic of Counter & TJmer HaEQ TRT > 23 - -- YY” I > 1-G CTCCLK Fig. 4 : Loaic of Parallel I/O Ports I I 231 I 1 I 1 2 i Printing Data I PD7 ~ 7-~_ Printing Data PD6 3 ! I I-- ~ 4 Contents Signal Name Pin Number PDS I PD4 r I OUT I OUT PIOA7 ~ I PIOA6 OUT PIOAS 5 1 vrinting Data I Formula-l Signal Name II Printer II 1 20 STROBE : I 2 8 DATA1 3 7 I DATA2 6 5 I OUT I PIOA4 I I I I OUT I PIOA3 I I Printing Data Printing Data I Remarks Signal Direction Printer I 4 I I I 6 19 I 20 II2 1 I DATA3 5 I DATA4 4 DATA5 11 SC: 11 SG I 11 1 SG I II 22 I 11 I SG I II 23 I 11 I SG I 24 11 SG t EI 7 I 8 . :i q 10 11 1 12 I 13 14 .I I 15 ASTB PLO-A Strobe bSTs IN 31 I 9 * I 10 I I 11 Signal Ground SG SG I ~~- I ACK 1 BUSY I PEMP 1 Signal Ground End of Operation IN PIOB7 Under Operation IN PIOB6 p of Paper 1 16 1 r[ -Printer Ready .t -; . I . IN [ PIOB5 IN 1 PIOB4 Unused PIOB3 Unused PIOBZ 1 Reset I OUT 1 PIOBl I PIOBO I BRDY I I 21. I lsRDP I I I PIO-B Ready 22 1 ~~Pi0-B Strobe 23 r I 24 25 m DHAREV I- 1 I 1 OUT IN -rssTB ) I, 1 I * + m * DMA Transfer Demand OUT m = IN 11 12 1 SG I 1 I DATA8 II 27 I 12 I I1 13 I AcR- II 28 I BUSY 29 I I I 4 15 I PEHP II 30 I 16 II 3f I I I SC I 12 I SG I 12 I SG I 12 I SG I I S G - Signal Ground 3m -1 --EXTCLE 1 + I 30 RMxx Insulated Flexible Cables tI \DB-25P \ 57-30360 Side of the Formula-1 Table 4 : Cable Connection for External Printer Table 3 : Connector Signal of Parallel X/O i . -21- -4 I j -121 6 ' P I 1 / I Do not connect (*) signed pins, when using Centronics Standard Interface Printer. -2o- 2 I D.ATA7 SiGe of the Printer Note : 25 2 I OUT I DATA6 36 DMA Transfer Count CTC External Clock 13 1 1 + Data Strobe 12 3 ! : I : [6] 4 RS-232-C Inter face RS-232-C Cl+A . In standard specification, 2 Serial I/O Ports of ‘RS-232-C’ 28OA S I O b e i n g u s e d a s t h e are equipped with the Formula-l. F o r d e t a i l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s , refer to the item No. controller. < [5]-10 S e r i a l I/O P o r t s >. RxDA CTTSA DCDA Channel-A is exclusive for ‘RS-232-C’. The ‘RS-232-C’ and ‘20mA Current-Loop’ of Channel-B can be changed by replacing the short plugs on the rear side of this computer. For setting procedure of the short plugs, see the item No. < [8] J u m p e r S e t t i n g > . TxDA TSA mm \ ; RD 1 cs ' CD 1 75154 ’ SG -12v ’ I 2; 24 ,’ 17. 15 Further, i t i s p o s s i b l e t o s e t t h e B a u d - R a t e f o r e a c h For detail see the item No. channel independently. < [9] B a u d - R a t e S e t t i n g > . RS ER ST-1 RT ST-2 You can refer to < Fig. 6 : L o g i c o f S e r i a l I / O P o r t s > About the which shows the circuit of the Serial I/O Ports. pin assignment of the connector and the signal name, see < Table 5 & 6 : C o n n e c t o r S i g n a l o f R S - 2 3 2 - C (CH-A),(CH-B) >. Z80A sxo [6]-5 Bigger CRT Interface (FM-g) .. Composite Video Signal Interface is equipped in standard. If you want to use bigger CRT, y o u c a n c o n n e c t c o m p o s i t e v i d e o monitor to the rear side connector ‘BNC’. RTSB TxDB . DCDB CTSB . RxDB . d b ’ 2 33 -a( JP5 -3 . * 8XD E I I : ilcs fClCA LbLSO4 CHANNEL-A BAUD-RATE CLOCK CHANNEL-B BAUD-RATE CLOCK SDCLPP ‘P8 4 R 188 2SC372G Fig. -220 6 : L o g i c o f S e r i a l I/O P o r t s -230 I Signal Pin ' Number IN a m e c I 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I Remarks I I I FG 1 Frame Ground I SD 1 RS-232-C Send Data I 1 RD f RS-232-C Receive Data I 1 RS 1 Request to Send I I I 5 I CS I Clear to Send 7 I SG I Signal Ground I CD 1 Carrier Detect 8 I h RDCLPP 1 20mA Current-Loop Receive Data (t) 10 11 I l3 T-- ~~ -~ I\l I 12 I 15 1 SDCLPP 1 20mA Current-Loop Send Data (t) I I ~~~ 14 I 15 ST-2 , Send Timing (From MODEM) I ST-2 I Send Timing (From MODEM) -1 \ 17 RT I Receive Timing 17 I RT Receive Timing L L 18 19 ER Data Terminal Ready L 3 l J Ic , I 21 , 22 . I ST1 22 23 23 ~ ~~ -- ~ 24 21 1 Send Timing (To MODEM) 4 I I 1 I b Table 5 : Connector Signal of RS-232-C (CH-Al -24- 24 25 RDCLPM II I ST1 20mA Current-Loop Receive Data (0) 1 I I 1 SDCLPM 1 I Send Timing (To MODEM) I I .I 20mA Current-Loop Send Data (0) I I J Table 6 : Connector Signal of RS-232-C (CH-B) -250 [ 7) -2 [ 71 Expansion Device Connection (7)-l FD-5 & FD-8 Floppy Disk Drives Connection You can connect with the Formula-l maximum 2 units of Expansion Disk Drives, d e t a i l s a r e a s f o l l o w s : - FM-9 Bigger CRT Connection (1) 5.25” Disk Drive (double density) x 2 units (FD-5) (2) 8” Disk Drive (single density) x 2 units (FD-8) (3) 8’ Disk Drive (double density) x 2 units (FD-8) Our FD-5 (5.25’) and FD-8 (8’) disk drives are two units of t w o s i d e d d o u b l e d e n s i t y d i s k d r i v e s . T h e r e f o r e , you can u s e single density (8” only) as well as double density diskettes as per your requirement. F o r y o u r i n f o r m a t i o n , when using FD-5 or FD-8 with Formula-l you do not need to set physical address. The terminator has already been detached from the disk drives. Because this is being set as per our company’s standard peripherals to use simultaneously with Formula-l. However, you may have to refer < Table 7 : Expansion Floppy Disk Drives Address > time to time to use different diskettes due logical address (drive name) being assigned separately for each drives. Power Switch ON/OFF Briqhtness Control Knob /Contrast Control Knob_ Fig. 7 : FM-9 Bigger CRT Type of diskette I .. two-sided double density 5.25” 8” Physical address Description DS2 I DS2 E one-sided single density 1 DS3 F DS2 G two-sided double density I : FM-9 Cable Connection -260 DS3 I 1 H Table 7 : Expansion Floppy Disk Drives Address Connector 8 c one-sided single density AC Power Fig. ’ two-sided double density two-sided ’ II d o u b l e d e n s i t y , BNC Logical address I -27- Diskette Disk Drive "In Use" Power Switch ON/OFF/ FIR. 11 t FD-8 Floppy Disk Drive FOR. 9 : FD-5 Floppy Disk Drive . 0 ,’ 0 O\ r Q0 r 0 ” : . Gray Color fH\ ’ \ ; I) \ AC Power ‘. i * t Y :r, . w . I (Note 1) (Note 1) Ffg. 10 : FD-5 Cable Connection -280 Fig. 12 : FD-8 Cable Connection -29- , ti f * 4: ,-. Note 1 : FD-5 a n d F D - 8 d i s k d r i v e s f l a t c a b l e c o n n e c t o r ’ s m a r k s indicates to insert by matching with appropriate marks of the connecting sockets, I71 -3 FP-80 External Printer Connection . Note 2 : Be careful not to use FD-5 time and FD-8 together in the same l Roller Knob Due there being no exhaust fan in the disk drives (FD-5, therefore to refrain from over heating you should put it ‘OFF’ when not using. FD-8), not put anything (paper, books, heavy manuals, diskettes etc.) on the drives, i n o r d e r t o h a v e p r o p e r ventilation. Do Fig. 1 3 : F P - 8 0 E x t e r n a l P r i n t e r Parallel I/O Connector a\AC Power Printer Connector FOR. 14 : FP-80 Cable Connection f 81 Jumper Setting JP8 T h i s c o m p u t e r h a s e i g h t j u m p e r s f o r s e t t i n g , f r o m JPl t o JP8. I t i s p o s s i b l e t o s e t t h e j u m p e r s b y p u t t i n g s h o r t p l u g s on the jumper posts, w h i c h a r e o n t h e r e a r s i d e o f F o r m u l a - L T h e r o l e o f e a c h j u m p e r s a r e o n the following page. JP6 3 JP3 JP2 JPZ JP7 Y . ~~ 2 ! I JP2 Contents Remarks I l-2 Used Ext. Clock as Receiving Clock SIO Channel-A 3 Used Int. Clock as Receiving Clock SXO C h a n n e l - A * 1-2 Used Int. Clock as Transmitting Clock SIO Channel-A B 2-3 Used Ext. Clock as Transmitting Clock SIO Channel-A ’ r I 1-2 I Used Ext. Clock as Receiving Clock I 2-3 I Used 1 SIO Channel-B 1 SIO Channel-B * 1-2 Used Int. Clock as Transmitting Clock 1, SIO Channel-B I I 2-3 Used Ext. Clock as Transmitting Clock i SIO Channel-B * Xnt. Clock as Receiving Clock L JP4 / bJP3 RS-232-C 1-2 ’ 2-3 20 mA Current-Loop JP6 SIO Channel-B * SIO Channel-B l-2 Used Counter Output of Channel #O as a Clock Input of CTC Channel #3 CR Channel #3 (Counter Mode) 2-3 Used Ext. Clock as a Clock Input of CTC Channel 83 CTC Channel 83 * (Counter Mode) b Channel-B (Receiving) I SIO I SXO C h a n n e l - B * I (Receiving) I l-2 20 mA Current-Loop Non-Voltage Type JP8 . l-3 20 mA Current-Loop ’ 2-4 Voltage Type t I SIO Channel-B (Transmitting) Note : , SIO, Channel-B * (Transmitting) P e r o u r s t a n d a r d , jumpers being already set a s s h o w n b y t h e (*) s i g n s . Y o u c a n a l s o s e t j u m p e r s a s p e r y o u r s p e c i f i c u s e . However, i n each jumper you n e e d to set o n l y o n e p a i r of p i n s . Example:- f o r s e t t i n g 3Pl e i t h e r y o u s e t (l-2) o r ( 2 - 3 ) p i n s . Table 8 : Jumper Setting R ‘. f ? .i r’; ‘* 4 2 p [ Q] Baud-Rate Setting [lOI Initial Start IW The Baud-Rate of Serial I/O Ports can be set for each Channel-A and Channel-B independently. Baud-Rate is formed by using ‘ C h a n n e l il ( f o r C h a n n e l - A ) ’ a n d . ‘Channel #2 (for Channel-B)’ of this computer’s Z80A CTC. Memory Allocation and Boot-Strap ROM The following shows the The Baud-Rate is set by the DIP-Switch on the rear side. When you intend to change the Baud-Rate, never fail to do System-Reset, otherwise the changed Baud-Rate can not be set. ---. -. I -4 memory allocation of the I4' Formula-l. 4K bytes IPL & System I/O Control Program I Boot-Strap ROM Channel-A Channel-B 300 8000~ IIOFF) ON 1 ON 1 OFF 1 ON . 600 . i . I I 64K bytes Main Memory 2400 11 ON 1 ON 1 OFF 1 OFF 1 ON 4800 1) OFF 1 ON 1 OFF 1 OFF 9600 ON OFF OFF OFF ON 19200 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON 300 11 ON 1 ON 1 ON Asynchronous (Start Stop Synchronous) 1 OFF I 1200 I 2400 IIOFFIOFF\ ON ION 1 OFF 1 1 19200 38400 4 FF’FFH IOFF 1 11 ON OFF ON ( OFF 1 ON 1 OFF ON 1 OFF1 ON 1 OFF (1 ON ( OFF ( OFF ( ON 1 OFF h. OFF OFF OFF ON 1 OFF a : When IPL operates, t h e c o n t e n t s o f BootStrap ROM are transferred in this area. Fig. 15 : Memory Allocation * Synchronous 4800 9600 I I~~]oN 10~4 COOOH FsooH 600 IIOFFION ) ON ION 1 OFF 1 110~ 8 I Only when setting the Power-ON or the system is reset, the Boot-Strap ROM becomes at readable state, thereby overlapped with main memory. D u r i n g t h i s t i m e , 0000(H)-OFFF(H) a d d r e s s o f the main memory being at the state of "Write" only, and CPU executes the program in Boot-Strap ROM, By the output of ROM disable signal according to the program, Boot-Strap ROM is parted from the system, a n d a l l o f m a i n m e m o r y t u r n s t o t h e state of read/write. T a b l e 9 : Baud-Rate Settinq -349 -350 m ‘ 1 II I n s t a n d a r d d e s i g n , IPL, I/O Control Program, Expansion D e v i c e C o n t r o l P r o g r a m , e t c . , are stored in the Boot-Strap ROM. A f t e r t r a n s f e r r i n g t h e p r o g r a m t o t h e a d d r e s s F500(H)FFFF(H) of the main memory, t h e p r o g r a m j u m p s t o I P L i n t h i s a r e a , thereafter Boot-Strap ROM is parted from the system at the Power-ON or System-Reset. The following shows the memory a l l o c a t i o n o f t h e F o r m u l a - l w h e n u s i n g t h e ‘6OK CP/M-80’. System Area (101-2 System Start 3 2 5 6 b y t e s : System Parameter When you set the Power-ON or System-Reset, the IPL program starts immediately. The following message will appear on your CRT and the Boot-Strap program being loaded to the main memory from the system diskette. F o r m u l a - l I P L V e r s . *.* f o r m i n i 2D The Boot-Strap program is loaded to the following address. System Diskette : 01 (Side Track : 0 Sector : 1 J 02OOH User’s Area 53K b y t e s t Fig, 17 : Boot-Strap Program Allocation When the Boot-Strap program is loaded, if an error o c c u r s , the following message will appear on your CRT, and the process of loading to the main memory restarts again. D400~ KooH CCP Area .-m-m-----m--- - -a - - BDOS Area ----)----I----------. BIOS Area --“------------L-II-I/O Control Area IPL error ! CP/M-80 t Loaded from a System Diskette Transferred from the Boot-Strap ROM FFFFH F i g . 1 6 : M e m o r y A l l o c a t i o n U s i n g 60K CP/M-80 -36- I 1 When the Boot-Strap program is loaded correctly, the following message appears on your C R T , t h e r e a f t e r t h e s y s t e m program is loaded into the main memory from the system diskette. I n c a s e o f u s i n g t h e CP/M-80, t h e s y s t e m p r o g r a m i s l o a d e d i n t o D400(H)-FlFF(H) a d d r e s s e s . See < Fig. 16 : M e m o r y A l l o c a t i o n U s i n g 6OK CP/M-80 > [ll ] Software Specifications [II] -1 T h e F o r m u l a - l u s e s t h e CP/M-80 V e r s i o n 2 . 2 w h i c h i s evaluated as the standard Operating System of 8 bits microcomputer in the world. CP/M B o o t V e r . *.* f o r rinl 2 D This Operating System can operate application programs and p r o c e s s d a t a w i t h o u t d i f f i c u l t y b e c a u s e o f i t s s u p e r i o r multipurposed feature and excellent operating ability. For this reason, even the software developed for other computer systems of different architecture can keep mutual-transferability, as long as they are based on the CP/M-80 Operating System. Therefore, old libraries as well as know-hows already filed-in can be used easily. Then, i f a n e r r o r o c c u r s , t h e f o l l o w i n g m e s s a g e w i l l appear on your CRT, a n d t h e p r o c e s s o f l o a d i n g t o t h e m a i n memory restarts again. Boot err. When the Boot-Strap program is loaded correctly, the following message appears on your CRT, and the CP/M-80 starts automatically. , *+* 6 0 K CP/M V e r s . 2 . 2 F o r m u l a - l S y s t e m *+* BIOS Created By YCU Co., Ltd. (1983.**~*“) *‘- Cursor Operating System I See the ‘CP/M-80 OPERATING SYSTEM MANUAL’ for details of the CP/M-80 commands. The Formula-l can use various kinds of a p p l i c a t i o n s o f t w a r e p a c k a g e s o n t h e CP/M-80 b a s i s a v a i l a b l e o n the market. The CP/M-80 is a standard Disk Operating System for the microcomputer. The CP/M-80 system is composed of CCP to process a command, BDOS to manage access of the file, BIOS to control the I/O d e v i c e w h i c h a u s e r u s e s , and TPA of the memory area in which a user’s program is allocated. T h e CP/M-80 s y s t e m i s a F D O S , i n w h i c h t h e s e q u e n t i a l processing is main. Which reads out the file and executes when a command being input by the console and it corresponds to a program name. U s i n g t h e W/M-80 S y s t e m F u n c t i o n s , a l o n g w i t h a user’s program, a user can easily actualize the data transfer w i t h I / O d e v i c e , t h e m a n a g e m e n t o f t h e d a t a f i l e i n t h e *floppy disk drive, etc. F o r d e t a i l m e m o r y a l l o c a t i o n t o u s e w i t h t h e CP/M-80 Operating System see the item No. < [lo]-1 M e m o r y A l l o c a t i o n and Boot-Strap ROM >. T h e r e a r e t w o k i n d s o f c o m m a n d s i n t h e CF/M-80. .One i s b u i l t - i n command, a n d t h e o t h e r i s a t r a n s i e n t c o m m a n d . The transient command being loaded into the memory from the diskette. -390 The following is built-in commands of the 1 i 1 ‘. ;. ERA Erase specified files. DIR List file names in the directory. REN Rename the specified file. SAVE Save memory contents in TYPE T y p e t h e c o n t e n t s o f a f i l e o n t h e logsed d i s k . a [ill-2 CP/M-80 System Functions CP/M-80. T h e CP/M-80 h a s 3 9 k i n d s o f s y s t e m f u n c t i o n s . The user can set necessary parameters in the register or in the buffer, a n d c a l l s t h e B D O S o f t h e CP/M-80. So inside the BDOS, the job being executed by the given parameter, and the state being returned to the user’s program automatically. The operations are generally divided into two classes. One is for the I/O device, the other is for the disk operation. file. Following are the I/O Device Operation. I 1.. ! ! . T h e f o l l o w i n g i s t r a n s i e n t c o m m a n d s o f t h e CP/M-80. STAT ASM LOAD DDT PIP ED SUBMIT DUMP MOVCPM XSUB FORMAT FSYSGEN SYSTEM PROMW FUNC * * * * It 1. Read a Console Character I 2. Write a Console Character I 3. Read a Sequential Tape Character 4. Write a Sequential Tape Character 5. Write a List Device Character 6. Get or Set I/O Status 7. Print Console Buffer 8. Read Console Buffer 9. Interrogate Console Ready The FDOS operations that perform disk I/O a r e . P l e a s e r e f e r t o o u r ‘CP/M-80 OPERATING SYSTEM MANUAL' for detail of the above commands. Details for the commands with (*) sign are available In this manual. 1. Disk System Reset 2. Drive 3. File Creation 4. File Open 5. File Close 6. Directory Search 7. File Delete 8. File Rename 9. Random or Sequential Read 10. -4o- Selection Random or Sequential Write -41- .: i* ; I I ( I 11. Interrogate A v a i l a b l e D i s k s 12. Interrogate Selected Disk 13. Set DMA Address 14. S e t / R e s e t F i l e Xndlcators Device Allocation The following 4 logical devices are allocated in t h e CP/M-80. ! I ” :,. [II) -3 CON : The System Console Device RDR : The Paper Tape Reader Device CP/M-80 functions and their numbers are listed below. PUN : The Paper Tape Puncher Device LST : The .* .* ,’ 48 : . ! ; ..‘ : I . i t ” : 1. --: . I i 7 .. .. --. ’ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 8 System Reset Console Input Console Output Reader Input Punch Output List output D i r e c t C o n s o l e I/O Get I/O Byte Set I/O Byte Print String Read Console Buffer Get Console Status Return Version Number Reset Disk System Select Disk Open File Close File Search for First Search for Next 19 Delete File 20 Read Sequential 21 Write Sequential 22 Make File 23 Rename File 24 Return Login Vector 25 Return Current Disk 26 Set DMA Address 27 Get Addr(Alloc) 28 W r i t e P r o t e c t D i s k 29 Get R/O Vector 30 Set File Attributes 31 Get Addr(Disk Parms) 32 Set/Get User Code 33 Read Random 34 Write Random 35 Compute File Size 36 Set Random Record 37 Reset Drive 40 Write Random with Zero Fill Functions 28 and 32 should be avoided in application programs to maintain upward compatibility with CP/M-80. Note : For detail explanation you must refer to the topic ‘CP/M 2 System Interface’ of the 'CP/M-80 OPERATING SYSTEM MANUAL’. .Output List Device The physical devices a8 follows. allocated for the Formula-l are CON : TTY, CRT RDR : TTY PUN : TTY LST : TTY, CRT, ULl, LPT ULl = System’s Thermal Printer LPT - Centronics Standard Interface Printer (Parallel I/O Ports) When the power is turned 'ON', t h e f o l l o w i n g i s a l l o c a t e d . CON : CRT RDR : TTY PUN : TTY LST : ULl .-_ .i .. + -42- -430 (11) -4 Expansion Floppy Disk Drives [11] -5 BIOS The floppy disk drive, which can be expanded is limited to 2 units 5.25” or 8” disk drives only. D e t a i l s a r e a s followstDrive A : System Floppy Disk Drive (5.25”. two-sided double density) The BIOS must be changed to implement the CP/M-80 on the The BIOS made by our company supports the floppy Formula-l. disk drive of 5.25” two-sided double density, 8’ two-sided double density and 8” one-sided single density. Refer to the item No. < [ll]-4 Expansion Floppy Disk Drives > for detail allocation of the disk drives. D r i v e B : System Floppy Disk Drive (5.25’ two-sided double density) Be careful of the following points. The Formula-l’s files are compatible with the CP/M-80’s files of 8’ one-sided single Drive C : Expansion Floppy Disk Drive (5.25’ two-sided double density) Drive D : Expansion Floppy Disk Drive (5.25” two-sided double density) Drive E : Expansion Floppy Disk Drive (8’ one-sided single density) density diskette. However, there are no compatibility with the CP/M-80’s f i l e s o f 5 . 2 5 ” a n d 8 ” two-sided double density diskettes. In case of copying the CP/M-80’s files from the double density diskette made by the other company, the user must do so after once copying to the CP/M-80% files of 8” one-sided single density diskette. See the item No. < [11]-3 Device Allocation > about the device of Console, Reader, Puncher and Printer. Drive F : E xpan sion Floppy Disk Drive ( 8” o ne-sided single density) Drive G : Expansion Floppy Disk Drive (8’ two-sided double density) Drive H : E xpan sion Floppy Disk Drive ( 8” t wo-sided double density) [ll] -6 File Format The filing format of the floppy disk drives being used in the Formula-l is on the following page. T h e e x p l a n a t i o n o f 8” one-sided single density has been omitted. The logical and physical corresponds of the above devices are as follows. <Logical Address> Drive A Drive B Drive C Drive D Drive E Drive F Drive G Drive H Note ; <Physical Address> Drive Drive Drive Drive Drive Drive Drive Drive #0 #I #2 83 #2 #3 82 #3 Drive 'A' and Drive ‘B’ are mounted on the system unit. -440 -45- [ll]-? [ll] -0-l 5.25” Two-Sided Double Density Diskette 1. 2. Cylinder 40 cylinders/diskette Track 80 ‘tracks/diskette Sector 18 sectors/track Byte 1 2 8 b y t e s / s e c t o r ( o n l y t r a c k 0 , s i d e 0) 256 bytes/sector (except the above) System Track 12 File F503H FDC 3 F506H CRT System’s CRT Control 4 F509H PRINT System's Printer Control KB System’s Keyboard Control System’s’Keyboard Status Check H Track 0 (side 0 & side 1) and Track 1 (side 0) . 80 tracks/diskette ( s i d e 0 : even-number tracks) (side 1 : odd-number tracks) Track . P Each I/O control program is allocated to memory address FSOO(H). 5 1 b y t e s a f t e r F500(H) i s t h e j u m p t a b l e f o r I / O control program, it is easy to control I/O device of the Formula-l by calling subroutine. The following shows the structure of jump table and is stored in the Boot-Strap ROM. Format of Diskette F o r m a t o f t h e CP/M-80’s I/O Prograin Specif icatiom L ‘ System Floppy Disk Control Expansion Floppy Disk Control I 6 FSOFH KBSTS 7 F512H LPRINT 8 F51 SH UCRT RS-232-C (Channel-B) Data Output ’ (11)~6-2 8" Two-Sided Double Density Diskette 9 F518H UKB RS-232-C (ChannelkB) Data Input Format of Diskette 10 FSlBH USIOIN RS-232-C (Channel-A) Data Input . 11 F51EH USIOOUT RS-232-C (Channel-A) Data Output FS21H LPRNST’S Centronics Standard Printer Status Check . Sector 36 sectors/track (128 bytes/sector) Disk Capacity 346.5K bytes (except the system track) i l 1. 2. Cylinder 77 cylinders/diskette Track 154 tracks/diskette Sector 26 sectors/track Byte 128 bytes/sector (only track 0, side 0) 256 bytes/sector (except the above) I 1 F o r m a t o f t h e CP/M-80’s F i l e System Track Track 0 (side 0 & side 1) Track 154 tracks/diskette ( s i d e 0 : even-number tracks) (side 1 : odd-number tracks) Sector 52 sectors/track (128 bytes/sector) Disk Capacity 988K bytes (except the system -46~ 12 RS-232-C (Channel-B) Output 13 F524H 14 F527H 15 F52AH USIOISTS RS-232-C (Channel-A) Input Status Check F52DH usxoosTs RS-232-C (Channel-A) Output Status Check F530H CRTINIT 16 17 track) l Centronics Standard Printer Control (Parallel I/O Port) I t ’ UCRTSTS UKBSTS Status Check RS-232-C (Chaanel-B) Input Status Check System’s CRT Initialize T a b l e 1 0 : Jump Table -470 ; [%7-l Procedure for I/O Program Calling H e r e i s t h e e x a m p l e , we have presented in order to show, how to call subroutine program in order to control I/O devices. I 1 This program has been written in assembler language, therefore, one should know assembler language programming very well before going into hand-on practice of this subroutine In w h i c h w e h a v e s h o w n Please see our below example. program. the procedure to read a file by direct access method. We must specify that you can also read and write with the h e l p o f CP/M-80’s B D O S p r o c e d u r e , a l t h o u g h i t t a k e s a l i t t l e longer time. System F l o p p y D i s k Control:- : i The System Floppy Disk Drive Control operates by setting controlling information in the parameter area and calling subroutine. I 1. A t f i r s t , you should set total 13 bytes in the parameter area. F o r example:- Refer to the < Table 12 : FDC Program Parameter >, f i e l d c o l u m n s ( 1 t o 1 3 ) m e a n s total 13 bytes are available. You can also look for detail information such as parameter, length and contents. i i I :ic : : Memory Allocation of FDC 2. Now, you look at the < Table 16 Program Parameter >. 3. I n s e r t CP/M d i s k e t t e i n t o d r i v e ‘ A ’ . 4. Type 'DIR' 5. Look for ‘ED COM’ file 6. type ‘ED EXAMPLE.ASM’ press <RETURN>. (For detail, p l e a s e r e f e r t o o u r F o r m u l a - l ’ s CP/M-80 OPERATING SYSTEM MANUAL’s page 33 ‘Introduction to Get directory of the drive ‘A’. ; Program start ;Parameter s e t START: LX1 MVI INX MVI INX MVI INX LXX MOV INX MOV INX LX1 MOV INX MOV INX MVI INX INX INX MU INX INX MVI H,OFFFOH M,92H H M,lO H M'S H D,256 MJ 11 M,D H DJOOOH MJ H M,D H MJ II H H ;Parameter area address ;5.25", Drive 'B', Side '1' ;Track 1 0 ;Sector 5 ;Transfer b y t e s c o u n t - 2 5 6 b y t e s ’ ;Transfer m e m o r y a d d r e s s - lOOOH ;Retry mode 2 ;Command CALL OF503H ;FDC subroutine call JMP START ;Two sided diskette END thoroughly.) 7. You will get on it::* 8. P r e s s ‘I’ and <RETURN> key. Automatically, you will get list number in order to input y o u r program. 9. Type your program statement from your coding sheet, in order t o s e t c o n t r o l l i n g i n f o r m a t i o n fn t h e p a r a m e t e r a r e a a n d to call subroutine. a new file on your CRT and following appears F o r e x a m p l e : - We want to set parameters for Drive 'B' diskette, t r a c k 'lo', s i d e ‘l’, s e c t o r ‘5’ a n d r e a d . -480 . bias - OFH (read mode) M,OFH H H M,OFFH as Editor command file. Now, ED’ . press <RETURN>. ; Example List ; -490 , , *’ 10. Y o u w i l l g e t ‘9’ o n y o u r C R T . I 11. In order to get disconnected from ‘ED’ and re-boot to system, you s h o u l d p r e s s ‘E’ key and <RETURN>. 1 12. Type ‘ASM EXAMPLE’ and press <RETURN>. ( F o r d e t a i l r e f e r t o ‘CP/M-80 OPERATING SYSTEM MANUAL’.) 13. Now, i f y o u g o b a c k t o t h e d i r e c t o r y , y o u w i l l g e t y o u r f i l e such as:(1) EXAMPLE (4) EXAMPLE .* . ;’ ..r *: . ; [~IJ -7-2 IPL (Initial Program Load) At the end, when you finish input of your program statement, y o u s h o u l d p r e s s <CTRL> ‘2’ k e y . BAK (2) EXAMPLE HEX etc. 1 ASM (3) EXAMPLE PRN 14. You need to ‘LOAD’ command. (Due previously we made ‘HEX’ file only now you have to make ‘COM FILE’ in order to run your program on CP/M-80 Operating System.) 15. Type 16. In the directory ‘EXAMPLE 17. I f y o u t y p e ‘EXAMPLE’ and press <RETURN>, your program will start running automatically. : ‘LOAD EXAMPLE’ press <RETURN>. COM’ will appear. ‘End’ l. - . This program is used only at the system starting to i n i t i a l i z e t h e s y s t e m I / O c o n t r o l l e r , loads the system program When you call from the floppy diskette to the main memory. this program, t h e F o r m u l a - l b e c o m e s a t a i n i t i a l s t a t e t h r o u g h Usually, there is no need to use this program. Software-Reset. [II]+3 FDC (Floppy Disk Control) Input Parameter I i I I I 1 I : 13 bytes of parameter informations are set in FENT (FDC parameter setting area). Output Parameter : T h e s t a t u s i s s e t i n A - r e g i s t e r . Register : All registers are reserved except A-register. Calling Method : CALL FDC <F503(H)> T h i s p r o g r a m i s t h e b a s i c i n s t r u c t i o n t o o p e r a t e 5.25”, This is operating by setting controlling 8” floppy disk drives. informations in the parameter area and calling subroutine. Command Name -----pG I Basic Command I 1 Function SEEKZ (Seek to zero track) 1 OFH EREAD (Seek & read data) 12H EWRITE (Seek & write data) - r Expansion Command / 7 OOH ) T a b l e E l : FDC Command . -so- Note Physical unit number 1 : D o u b l e d e n s i t y d i s k e t t e , “ T r a c k 0” i n “ S i d e 0” i s operating in the same method as of single density If you select more than one disk drive diskette. at the same time, i t b e c o m e s a u n i t e r r o r . Note 2 : When using single density diskette the transfer data length is multiple of 128 bytes, that is to say 1 2 8 b y t e s x 1 , 128 bytes x 2 or 128 bytes x 3 and so And for double density diskette the multiple of on. For single density if you set 129, 130 or 256 bytes. some other number in between 129 bytes to 255 bytes, then it is automatically being set to 256 bytes. When the transfer data length exceeds the capacity of the last sector of the track, the track number is r e n e w e d e x c e p t f o r t h e “ T r a c k O”, “ S i d e 0” o r t h e last track. Note 3 : When you intend to retry executing expansion command, usually always 02H value being designated. Note 4 : When values of the bias except 3 kinds shown in < T a b l e 1 1 : FDC Command > are set, it b e c o m e s bias error. Selecting Disk Drive 0 =I=> 5.25” Disk Drive 1 -> 8” Disk Drive Parameter Information Classification Classification Command Name : 3 retry (non seek zero) I I I Basic Command Expansion Command Command UN TK SC BY 1 SEEK2 4, U1 o ( x / x j x j x 1 x ) x j x j o 1 x / x EREAD 1 EWRITE AD RY (0: set) (x: no set) 0 o 0 o 0 o 0 o 0 o 0 o x x x x Table 13 : Parameters Setting Table 12 : FDC Program Parameter -520 -539 0 x 0 :. This program being executed as a result of setting following status in the accumulator (A-register) and then return to the main program. T h e r e a r e f o l l o w i n g E r r o r S t a t u s Cod,? b e s i d e s t h e o n e o f previous page. I Contents of Error 1 I EOH I Bias Data Error 1 I E 1 Ii I Unit Data Error I I DMA Controller Error I I I-- Bit-~~Position I Contents of Status F[;z/ ty/ I I See following status code list E2 ti s3 J T a b l e 15 : E r r o r S t a t u s C o d e L i s t 2 D4 Error at the executing EREAD command DS Error at the executing EWRITE command D7 I Error Code ’ I Zero (Unused) I I Zero (Unused) I . . . FFFO t 0 Unit Number I FFFO t 1 1 FFFO t 2 Contents of Error I olololo I 0 0 0 1 I 0 0 1 0 . ... -*. - 4, . I Normal ending of command FFFO t 8 RECORD NOT FOUND I WRITE FAULT I WRITE PROTECT 1 1 0 DRIVE NOT READY Number of Transfer Bytes (High) ba . * There are 9 types of errors as listed in the above table. Transfer Address (High) I Unused 1 FFFO t A Bias for Each Command I Unused Selecting One or Two Sided Diskette I Table 16 : Memory Allocation of FDC Program Parameter T a b l e 1 4 : Error Status Code List 1 -54- 7 Retry Mode <02(H)> Unused FFFO t C I Transfer Address (Low) FFFO t 9 FFFO t B I I FFFO t 7 I 1 Sector Number Number of Transfer Bytes (low) 7 FFFO t 6 CRC ERROR 0 FFFO t 4 - I FFFO t 5 SEEK ERROR 0 1 FFFO t 3 I Normal ending o f command. In case o f reading data field with deleted data address mark. 1,l I Track Number -55- I [ll]-7-4 CRT (System’s CR? Control) Input Parameter I :* t. r : a a 4 . . - . . - . I : CALL CRT <F506(H)> This is the program to make s a m e f u n c t i o n a s t h e e x t e n d By setting a character code to display into A-register and CRT. calling this program, you can display character on the CRT. In case of using this program, display speed of serial Direct access is transferring rate is about 19200 BPS. necessary t o V-RAM, i n c a s e y o u r e q u i r e f a s t d i s p l a y s p e e d . See < Table 23 : Video-RAM I/O Map > about the V-RAM address. Moreover, i n c a s e o f d i r e c t a c c e s s t o V - R A M , i t i s n e c e s s a r y to initialize the address pointer of V-RAM. I n t h i s c a s e , c a l l ‘ C R T I N I T <F530(H)>‘. So, V-RAM address pointer i s i n i t i a l i z e d , and the screen is cleared. Below we provide detail information pertaining to system’s CRT control codes. 2nd Byte B (42H) 1 c I I D (44H) I I (43~) i I E (45H) I F (46H) I (08H) .- . . HT (09H) : Move the cursor one character to the left side. This control code is invalid if the cursor is on the first position (extreme left) of top of the line. : Move the cursor to the TAB position of every 8 characters. G (47H) H (48H) I I (OAH) : Operate the line feed. FF (OCH) : Clear all the screen and move the cursor to first column of the first line. CR (ODH) : M o v e t h e c u r s o r t o the.top o f t h e l i n e . SO (OEH) : Set the “Shift-Out” mode. (Note 1) SI (OFH) : Set the “Shift-In” mode. (Note 2) DC3 (13H) : S e t t h e m o d e s e m i - g r a p h i c c h a r a c t e r s . DC4 (14H) : C a n c e l t h e m o d e s e m i - g r a p h i. c c h a r a c t e r s . (Initial State) E S C (1BH) : S e t ‘IESC” s e q u e n c e m o d e , for d e t a i l r e f e r t o ‘ESC’ Sequence Functions & Code List see (Note 3) next page. DEL (7FH) : Invalid -560 I I I Moves the cursor left one character. I Clear all the screen. ~~~- ~~ I Ignore the characters over 80 columns/line. Erase line (After Cursor). M (4DH) When cursor at the last line, if this program accept LF code at this time, cursor automatically goes to the first line. Clear screen, and screen does not scroll up even if after accepting LF code. N (4EH) I 0 (4FH) U I Screen scroll up by LF code. (Initial State) Screen scroll up. Screen scroll down. I Cursor does not move. I Cursor does not m o v e . I Cursor being not displayed, Cursor being displayed. (Initial State) (SSH) Y (59H) I Move the cursor to first column of the first line. K (4BH) I S (53H) I I Moves the cursor right one character. Erase screen (After Cursor). 1 p uw ( I Moves the cursor down one line. J (4AH) R (52H) LF ---I d Display those characters in the next line, which exceeds 80 columns/line. (Initial State) BEL (07H) : Beep the alarm. BS Functions Ii Moves the cursor up one line. : All registers are reserved. Calling Method :* * Y.a . I ‘Ii ! Output Parameter : Not exist Register ,. . : Set the character code to display into A-register (ASCII code). Display test. I n d i c a t e d “H” a l l t h e s c r e e n . ’ Cursor addressing. (Note 4) I (SW Print out the contents of the screen. (Note 5) A (SEH) Print out the contents of the full line where the cursor being placed. ( N o t e 5) T a b l e 1 7 : ESC Sequence Disposition List , I Note ’ 1 : . . Shift-Out mode, f o r d e t a i l y o u s h o u l d r e f e r t o < Table 22 : C R T & P r i n t e r C h a r a c t e r C o d e T a b l e ( 2 ) >, where you can add up various different characters for your specific uses. For example :- ; *. . ;. .’ . 1’ . ’ . - Greek characters, Japanese characters etc. Note 2 : Shift-In mode consist of English characters and symbols at initial state. Note 3 : In t h i s c a s e , d e s i g n a t e c u r s o r a d d r e s s a c c o r d i n g t o In the first byte, line number the code of two bytes. being designated and in the second byte, column number. The next page shows the cursor addressing code. 9 I i t c :. : 0: : ; . d . Note 4 : Note 5 : I n c a s e o f t h e ‘MC’ s e q u e n c e , i f d e s i g n a t e d b y t e numbers are not minimum 2 bytes, which is unacceptable to program, a n d t h e r e f o r e t h e r e g u l a r d i s p l a y m o d e does not return to main program. Print out contents only from the system’s (thermal) winter. I f- I1 1 J .-. .. *,- I SPACE 2 I I 21 22 5 35 3 w 22 23 6 36 7 & 26 27 : 3A 0 t 27 28 : 3B 9 ( 28 29 < 3c I I L ’ 1 20 2A II I 21 31 I I 4 > I 12 t 2B 32 ? 3F 13. # 2c 33 @ 40 2D 34 A l 2E 35 ‘B 42 / 2F 36 C 43 17 0 30 37 D 44 18 1 31 38 E 45 19 2 32 39 F 46 20 3 33 40 G 47 14 15 16 1 I -59- I 1, I 1 T a b l e 1 8 : C u r s o r AddressIng C o d e ( 1 ) -58- 34 41 . p1]-7-5 PRINT (System’s Printer Control) Input Parameter : Set the character code to print into A-register (ASCII code). Output Parameter : Not exist Register : All registers are reserved. Calling Method : CALL PRINT <F509(H)> Printer is controlled by the software. The user can control the printer as well as printing, only when the user sets the printer code in the accumulator (A-register) and calls this program. At t h e t i m e o f c a l l i n g t h i s p r o g r a m a l l r e g i s t e r s g e t r e s e r v e d : - means at the t i m e o f p r o g r a m c a l l i n g , t h e i n n e r cont+:i;rt o f a l l r e g i s t e r s already being reserved and therefore not destroyed. The program operates buffering of 80 characters, when the characters are over 80 or the device receives the CR <OD(H)> code, the printer starts printing because the printer can not print each and every character. Below we provide detail information pertaining to system’s (thermal) printer control codes. v B S ( 0 8 H ) : C a n c e l t h e l a s t c h a r a c t e r .before “BS” c o d e . This code is invalid if the position is the top of the line without any character before it. H T (09H) : M o v e t h e p r i n t e r ’ s h e a d t o t h e T A B p o s i t i o n o f every 8 characters. LF (OAH) : Invalid FF (OCH) : M o v e t h e p r i n t e r ’ s h e a d t o t h e t o p o f t h e n e x t page l CR (ODH) Table 18 : C u r s o r A d d r e s s i n g C o d e ( 2 ) : Print one line of buffer content, and carriage return with line feed, SO (OEH) : S e t t h e S h i f t - O u t m o d e . (Note 1) SI (OFH) : Set the Shift-In mode. (Note 2) DC3 (13H) : S e t t h e m o d e semi-graphk c h a r a c t e r s . DC4 (14H) : C a n c e l t h e m o d e s e m i - g r a p h i c c h a r a c t e r s . (Initial State) E S C (1BH) : Operate undermentioned operations :<ESC> t ‘ F ’ ( 4 6 H ) : I g n o r e t h e c h a r a c t e r s o v e r 8 0 columns/line. <ESC> t ‘G’ (47H) : Print those characters in the next l i n e , which exceeds 80 columns/line. 0. (Initial State) <ESC> t ‘V’ (56H) : Print the characters at a interval of one line. <ESC> + ‘ W ’ ( 5 7 H ) : P r i n t t h e c h a r a c t e r s w i t h o u t i n t e r v a l . (Initial State) DEL (7FH) : Invalid Note 1 : Shift-Out mode for detail you should refer to < Table 22 : C R T & P r i n t e r C h a r a c t e r C o d e T a b l e ( 2 ) >, where you can add up various d i f f e r e n t c h a r a c t e r s f o r your specific uses. For example :- Note 2 : Greek characters, Japanese characters etc. [l!)-7-6 KB (System’s Keyboard Control) Input Parameter : Not exist Output Parameter : T h e p r e s s e d k e y ’ s c o d e b e i n g s e t i n A - r e g i s t e r . Register : All registers are reserved except A-register & Flag-register. Calling Method : CALL KB <FSOC(H)> By calling this program, a f t e r k e e p i n g k e y c o d e ’ s i n t o Accumulator (A-register) and returns back to main program. All registers except A-register being reserved. At the time of calling ‘BDOS Function-Keys, Cursor Control-Keys For, Function-Keys maximum 8 bytes, including Numeric-Keys maximum 2 ‘BIOS’. Function’, the key codes of and Numeric-Keys get changed. and for Cursor Control-Keys bytes get changed inside the When you call this program directly the original key codes < Table 19 : Keyboard Code > of Function-Keys, Cursor Control -Keys and Numeric-Keys do not change inside the ‘BIOS’ and proceed inside the Accumulator (A-register) and returns back to main program. Shift-In mode consist of English characters and Symbols at initial state. [tll -7-7 KBSTS (System’s Keyboard Status Check) Input Parameter : Not exist O u t p u t P a r a m e t e r : W i t h o u t d a t a => A - r e g i s t e r - 00(H) (Z=Flag=l) With data => A - r e g i s t e r - FF( H) (Z=Flag=0) -62- Register : All registers are reserved except A-register & Flag-register. Calling Method : CALL KBSTS <FSOF(H)> -630 QQ 56 I EE .~ S 3 I 57 77 -. DD 4 $ FF 5 % G 6 i F4 H UU B , N YY 7 ’ FS JJ 8 ( F6 M 1I 00 I 0 F8 P T 1 < t > . KK,L, L 9 1 F7 + ; - = ? ,/ C @ { I \ ?+ BACK SPACI LINE IFEED DEL ESC REPT SHIFT ( SHIFT LOCK A - F9 HOME -+ +- Fig.18 : Keyboard Layout (1) - V , TT F3 There is no output of key code if you hit this Key. ,C I RR F2 4 1 0 FEED (“2) 6 9 78 * 2. 58 18 81 83 84 I 59 85 , 86 : Keyboard Layout (2) s -.-- 82 Note : Keys with mode numbers as per Fig. 80 88 I60 I 61 87 (Table 19 : Keyboard Code - Capstan Lock Off/On) 79 89 69 72 68 71 73 70 67 66 l 65 91 64 90 --I-62 63 The 'FEED' - key forward the roll paper of the printer. * 1. The system is reset by means of hitting this key with 'CTRL'- key. I (* 1, 2) c 76 H TAB - Fl , Z _ 7X, CAP LOCK WW 2 2 a A SHIFT 3TRL 1 ! RESET c (“1) . -_ -*.--._ ._.. Unshift 1 Shift 1 1 Shift & Control 1 Control. / *. ,” 4 . , .* . . i. ; \J t f I t. Y 1 . i ; . ‘. -. . ! $ 5 5 35 x 25 6 6 36 & 7 7 37 ? . . 84 85 85 26 86 86 27 87 87 [ r iI I 88 I 88 1 ‘29 89 89 10 ~0 30 0 30 80 80 Ill I- I2D 12 A SE l3 *\ SC IBACK f SPACE 08 L 115 b N (3D 1 I 1 BACK 1 SPACE I / 1E 1E 7c 1C 1c BACK 1 SPACE BACK SPACE 08 1 j 129 I 1 I r 8D 7E 08 1 I26 140 [ / f p NULL ( 60 SB / { / 7B 1 1 CTRL 1 j I 08 CTRL cm s 73 S 53 DC3 13 DC3 13 ( 64 D EOT F 46 ACK 06 ACK 06 34 g 67 G 47 BEL 07 BEL 07 35 1 ,36 j 37 k h 1 6A ] ’ J 4A LF OA K 4B VT OB 6B 1 1 j # 6C j 1 L ETB 17 I40 1 : 17 e E 45 ENQ 05 ENQ 05 I 41 I 1 I 5D I 1 I 7D I R 52 DC2 12 DC2 12 T 54 DC4 14 DC4 14 122 1, 24 1 i 23 1 P 75 1 o 69 1 U f 6F 70 1 1 I 1 P ) 0 1 55 1 NAK 49 f HT 1 09 SI 1 OF 4F 1 50 DLE 1 15 10 1 1 1 r 44 1 2 45 1 x 1 1 HT I 09 I I 146 ! = 1 I47 DLE 10 1 48 1 2A 1 1 1 7A j Z 78 1 X 1 76 1 62 ) 1 1 V 1 5A 1 B 1 BS ’ OC / 88 1 08 LF OA VT OB -FF [-CC 1 SHIFT SHIFT ( 1 1 1 CAN ETX SYN 1 STX 1A 1 18 1 / 16 1 02 SUB 1 03 i I i -670 1 1 1 8B RETURN OD 1 42 1 SUB 58 56 FF 1 RETURN OD 1 43 08 1 SHIFT 1 b ] RETURN OD 163 ! c v 1 1 2B 1 CAN 1 1 1 ETX / SYN 1 STX ] 1 1 T a b l e 1 9 : Kevboard Code - C a p s t a n L o c k O f f ( 2 ) T a b l e 1 9 : Keyboard Code - C a p s t a n L o c k O f f ( 1 ) -660 1 15 OF * 43 SHIFT 1 ] 1 REl’URN OD NAK SI 3A ( ) 17 ( + 4C ETB u 1 1 1 57 / 3B 48 W 42 1 H BS 68 77 1 EOT [ 04 66 w I21 ( 04 f 16 ( Y 1 79 1 ‘d 1 59 1 EM I l9 I EM I l9 I 1 33 I38 I, 1 31 t 74 1 1 01 1 t 1 SOH 139 19 CTRL 1B 01 11 1 j j SOH DC1 72 ESC 41 11 r j A DC1 18 1B NULL j 00 1 61 51 1 / 00 f a Q 65 ESC 1 71 L ) 30. 1 1 1 Q 120 v 1 I @ . 84 39 114 . 24 ’ 1 9 r L . 34 9 II . , 4 I 8 I 8 I I 38 I I ( I 28 II . . .( *& , ’ * . 4 I 25 . 1A 1 18 1 03 1 16 1 02 1 I , ’ 82 F6 96 83 F7 97 84 F8 85 F9 96 96 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 99 HOME 9A 9A 9A 9A 9B 9B 9c 9c 9D 9D ; 96 i 97 98 . 99 1 .. . 86 CA CA 87 - 9B 9B BD CD CD 88 - 9C 9c AB BB CB C B 89 t 9D 9D J 9E ESC 1B + AA BA 63 1 - AD 64 ; . -. - e.’ 1B 61 r 62 CL ESC lB ESC 1B i ESC 65 1 7 A7 B7 C7 C7 90 66 8 A8 88 C8 C8 91 67 9 A9 B9 68 4 A4 69 i 5 70 6 A6 71 1 Al 72 2 A2 I A5 c9 84 I I I / B5 I 9E FEED 9E FEED 1 c5 I c4 ‘ ! 1 9E FEED ’ T a b l e 1 9 : Keyboard Code - C a p s t a n L o c k O f f ( 4 ) c5 B6 C6 C 6 Bl Cl C B2 c2 ’ l c2 Table 19 : Keyboard C o d e - Capstan Lock O f f ( 3 ) -680 . c9 c4 , I FEED : -69- \ Y’ f\ 1 Mode 1 U n s h i f t ,I 29 CTRL 30 A 37 41 CTRL a SOH 1 61 H ; 40 39 : 6 B 11 38 3A CTRL 01 16CI *+ SOH 01 VT OB VT 08 FF IOC FF IOC 2B 2A I J I I E 14C 1 Shift & Control 1 Control I CTRL I k K 138IL - l . l . I IF $. Shift ’ ( 88 8A 88 8A 1 41 1 1 1 5D I 1 I 7D I ,18 1 19 . 20 r 21 122 c \ R 52 r )72 DC2 12 T 54 t 74 DC4 Y 39 Y 79 u 55 U :I 49 i 23 24 L 0 4F P 50 L P .DC2 12 142 14 DC4 14 1 43 (SHIFT 1 EM 19 EM 19 1 75 NAK 15 NAK 13 69 HT 09 HT 6F 0 A 70 I I 109 . ) 2 OD 1 RETURN1 OD, 1 SA 45 x 38 46 C 43 OF SI OF ,47 v 56 DLE 10 DLE 10 i 48 1 B 1 42 1 ’ 1 z 1 1 RETURN1 OD 1 SHIFT 1 1 SHIFT 1 SI T a b l e 1 9 : Keyboard Code - Capstan Lock On (1) -7Q- 8 44 IREURN 7A ) : 78 CAN C 63 ETX V 76 b j 62 SYN 1 STX RETUPNj 1 / 1 1A OD 1 SUB 1 CAN 18 03 ETX 03 16 SYN 16 STX 1 02 f T a b l e 1 9 : Keyboard Code - Capsta,&ock On (2) -71- 1A 18 02 1 SHIFT 1 I SUB x 1 1 1 1 I Mode I Unshift Shift 1 14D 1 2c . ..- . r .\ f m 16D . 2E > 3E 53 / 2F ? 3F 54 REFT 35 SHIFT 56 H TAB . IvPCR 3c < 52 : IOD 8E 1 CR SHIFT 09 H TAB [OD a I c 8E I I8F 8F REPT r I SHIFT M TAB 1 Shift & Control 1 8C I REE’T 09 Control I q ’ REPT i SHIFT y 09 1 H TAB 1 09 ?. . :; . ;* . 1 . l :’ 160 DEL ,’ -. . . 1 61 * 62 DEL 7F ESC 1B + AA I . DEL _ ESC 7F 18 - I 1B ESC r -c CA CA \ CD CD AB BB CB CB A8 Ba ca c8 67 9 A9 B9 c9 c9 68 4 A4 B4 c4 c4 P9 I 5 I A5 i t B5 I I c5 T 70 v 71 m 72 I , 6 A6 B6 1 Al 81 82 2 , A2 , I a5 F9 99 I 98 r 99 i I 98 p-d /.: v- 98 ’ I1 ~-- D ,8 i 98 18 66 1 F8 I BD AD . CL ESC k 7 64 7F 7F BA L 63 1 DEL 84 I I I -4 c5 Table 19 : Keyboard Code - Capstan Lock O n ( 4 ) k ~~ ’ C6 C6 ’ C1 Cl I c2 , c2 . ; La T a b l e 1 9 : Keyboard Code - Capstan Lock On (3) -72- -730 99 [ill-7-10 UKB (N-232-C Channel-B Data Input) [ll] -7-8 LPRINT ‘(Centronics Standard Printer Control) Input Parameter : Set the character code to A-register (ASCII code). Input Parameter print into Output Parameter : Set a input data from Channel-B into A-register. Output Parameter : Not exist Register : All, registers are reserved. Calling Method : CALL LPRINT <F512(H)> This is a program to control a external printer with Centronics Standard Printer’s Interface connected to Parallel I/O Ports. For detail refer to the specifications of the connected printer pertaining to it’s Function codes. 1 Calling Method : CALL UCRT <FSlS(H)> : CALL UKB <F518(H)> A-register IllI -7-11 USIOIN (RS-232-C Channel-A Data Input) : Not exist Output Parameter : Set a input data from Channel-A A-register. Output Parameter : Not exist . _a . Calling Method Input Parameter : Set a data into A-register which you intend to output from Channel-B. : All registers are reserved. : All registers are reserved expect & Flag-register. The RS-232-C (Channel-B) being assigned to < TTY > input device when running on CP/M-80. [111-7-9 UCRT (RS-232-C Channel-B Oata Output) Register Register This is a’ program to input the data from the RS-232-C (Channel-B) Port. The other conditions are the same as those o f i t e m < [ll]-7-9 U C R T >. Be careful not to call this program without a external printer, otherwise this program cannot return to the CP/M-80. Input Parameter : Not exist into Register : All registers are reserved except A-register & Flag-register. Calling Method : CALL USIOIN <FSlB(H)> 4.: ’ .. ~ -_ L . . This is a program to input the data from the RS-232-C (Channel-A) Port. The other conditions are the same as thoE=%e of ‘Channel-B’ Port. This is a program to output the data from the RS-232-C The Baud-Rate value being set by the DIP(Channel-B) Port. Switch, which is at the rear side of the Formula-l. The detail information pertaining to Serial I/O mode and bit f o r m a t a r e a s f o l l o w s :Mode Character Bit (Ill-742 USIOOUT (RS-232-C Channel-A Data Output) : Asynchronous (Start Stop Synchronous) Length Input Parameter : 8 bits/character : Set a data into A-register which you intend to output from Channel-B. Parity : Even parity Output Parameter : Not exist Stop Bit Length : 2 stop bit Register : All registers are reserved. Calling Method : CALL USIOOUT <FSlE(H)> In this program control signals such as CS, CD, RS, ER, e t c . are not used. The RS-232-C (Channel-B) being assigned to < TTY > output device when running on CP/M-80. This is a program to output the data from the RS-232-C (Channel-A) Port. The other conditions are the same as those of ‘Channel-B’ Port. -75- -74i , 0 4 [ll]-7-13 LPRNSTS (Centronics Standard I / F Printer Status Check) I ‘. s ’ ‘.. . Input Parameter [II] -7-16 USIOISTS (RS-232-C Channel-A input Status Check) : Not exist Input Parameter O u t p u t P a r a m e t e r : B u s y -> A - r e g i s t e r - 00(H) ( Z - F l a g = 0,) R e a d y -> A - r e g i s t e r = FF(M) ( Z - F l a g = 1 ) : Not exist O u t p u t P a r a m e t e r : W i t h o u t d a t a => A - r e g i s t e r = 00(H) ( Z - F l a g - 1 ) -> A - r e g i s t e r - F F ( H ) ( Z - F l a g - 0 ) With Data Register : All registers are reserved except A-register & Flag-register. Register : All r e g i s t e r s a r e r e s e r v e d e x c e p t A - r e g i s t e r & Flag-register. Calling M e t h o d : CALL LPRNSTS <F521(H)> Calling Method : CALL USIOISTS <F52A(H)> This is the status c h e c k program of the Centronics Standard Interface Printer. This is a status check program of the input data from the RS-232-C (Channel-A) port. This program only checks ‘Receiver Buffer Ready‘ status. M-7-14 UCRTSTS (RS-232-C Channel-B Output Status Check) Input Parameter [11]-747 USIOOSTS (RS-232-C Channel-A Output Status Check) : Not exist Input Parameter Output Parameter : B u s y => A - r e g i s t e r - 00(H) ( Z - F l a g - 1 ) Ready-> A-register = FF(H) (Z-Flag - 0) Register Calling Method . - l. Jq- . .J .. c : All registers are reserved except A-register & Flag-register. O u t p u t P a r a m e t e r : W i t h o u t d a t a => A - r e g i s t e r - 00(H) ( Z - F l a g = 1 ) -> A - r e g i s t e r - F F ( H ) ( Z - F l a g - 0 ) With Data Register : All registers are reserved except A-register & Flag-register. Calling M e t h o d : CALL USIOOSTS <F52D(H)> : CALL UCRTSTS <F524(H)> This is a status check program of the output data from the RS-232-C (Channel-B) port. This program only checks ‘Transfer Buffer Empty’ status. : Not exist This is a status check program of the output data from the RS-232-C (Channel-A) port. This program only checks ‘Transfer Buffer Empty’ status. . [11)-7-E UKBSTS (RS-232-C Channel-B fnput Status Check) Input Parameter : Not exist [ll] -7-18 CRTINIT (System’s CRT Initialize) O u t p u t P a r a m e t e r : W i t h o u t d a t a => A - r e g i s t e r = 00(H) (2 -Fla 8 With data -> A - r e g i s t e r - F F ( H ) (2l-F18 8 = 1) = 0) Register : All registers are reserved except A-register & Flag-register. Calling Method : CALL UKBSTS <F527(H)> This i s a s t a t u s c h e c k p r o g r a m o f the input d a t a from the This program only checks ‘Receiver RS-232-C (Channel-B) port. Buffer Ready’ status. The RS-232-C (Channel-B) Input Status being assigned to < TTY > Input Status when running on CP/M-80. -769 Input Parameter : Not exist Output Parameter : Not exist Register : A l l r e g i s t e r s a r e reserved. Calling Method : CALL CRTINIT <F530( H)> This is a program to initialize system’s CRT. By calling t h i s program V - R A M a d d r e s s pointer g e t i n i t i a l i z e d a n d m o v e s t o f i r s t a d d r e s s p o s i t i o n o f t h e V - R A M , a n d thereafter screen get cleared. -77- .. 6“ ‘4 :y Q’ J‘b After you input the name of the disk drive in use, following message will appear on your CRT. fill-8 System Utility Program’s This utility program consists of ‘FORMAT’, ‘FSYSGEN’, ‘SYSTEM’, ‘PROMW’ and ‘FUNC’ commands has been made by our company and supplied t o our users as transient command. ) The object of this command is to create a new index on the new or old diskette in order to proceed for using with our computer. U s u a l l y , new diskette can not be read and w r i t e o n i t , without formatting. : ; 4 ,_ ’ . impossible to Time to time, if diskette being damaged due to unusual handling, strong electric and magnetic forces then we need to do the formatting. You should be very careful when executing this program, because the contents of the diskette will get erased as this process is over. The operations are as follows. <RETURN> A>FORMAT +** Diskette formatting (Vers. Drive name 3 A . A l l t r a c k s 00-** T r a c k : When you intend to format all the tracks of the diskette, type ‘A’ key and press <RETURN>. [11)-&l FORMAT : Command for diskette format 1 Formatting track address ? *.*) A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H *** (or RETURN to reboot): In this state, set the diskette to record a format into the floppy disk drive and input the same disk drive’s name and press <RETURN> key. The name of the disk drives as stated above are the same as of Further, i f y o u i n t e n d t o f o r m a t o n e t r a c k o n l y , t h e n y o u should type the specific track number to be formatted and press <RETURN> key, following message will appear on your CRT. Formatting start ? (Y/N) I n o r d e r t o s t a r t f o r m a t t i n g , p r e s s ‘Y’ k e y . If the process of formatting ends without any error the process complete message will appear on your CRT, and gets back to initial state. If you do not wish to start or intend to return to initial state press ‘N’ key only. Further, d u r i n g t h e p r o c e s s o f f o r m a t t i n g i f t h e r e b e i n g a n e r r o r , the following error message will appear on your CRT, and gets back. to initial state. Formatting start Read check start Process complete - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Normal end (Disk write error II!) - - - - - - - - - - A b n o r m a l e n d ( I ) ( D i s k r e a d e r r o r !!!) --------- Abnormal end (II) CP/M-80, and details are as follows. Drive A : 5.25’ two-sided double density Drive B : 5 . 2 5 ’ t w o - s i d e d d o u b l e d e n s i t y Drive C : 5 . 2 5 ” t w o - s i d e d d o u b l e d e n s i t y Drive D : 5.25’ two-sided double density Drive E : 8” one-sided single density Abnormal end (I) : The diskette is not inserted properly, unlocked or in a state of write-protect. Abnormal end (II) : When after recording the format, the data in the diskette are impossible to be read correctly. We have shown the procedure of formatting a new diskette on the following page. Drive F : 8 ” o n e - s i d e d s i n g l e d e n s i t y Drive G : 8 ” t w o - s i d e d d o u b l e d e n s i t y Drive H : 8” two-sided double density ’ -789 -79- 7. Formatting start 1 (Y/N) *** 6QK CP/M Vers. 2.2 Formula-l System *** BIOS Created By YCU Co., Ltd. (1983.**.**) A>FQRMAT . Press **u D i s k e t t e f o r m a t t i n g ( V e r s . *.*) **” Drive name ? A,B,C,D,E,F,C,H (or RETURN to reboot): Process complete ! --------------------------------------------------------- This is the end of formatting of a new diskette. (In order to continue formatting more diskettes, please refer to Note 2) Process complete I 8. Fig. 19 : FORMAT For finishing this process. Press <RETURN> in order to reboot. Messaae Note 1 : PROCEDURE OF 'FORMAT' A NEW DISKETTE:A 'Y' for Yes. Formatting start Read check start 1: _’ After displaying new diskette, we mean a ‘new blank diskette’. 1. Formula-l power switch ON. 2. Insert the CP/M-80 SYSTEM DISKETTE 1) When using Disk Drive A, B, C and D 5.25" diskettes the track numbers will be from 00 to 3 9 d u e 40 t r a c k s a v a i l a b l e f o r f o r m a t t i n g . I f you intend to format track 5 only then input 5 and press <RETURN>. If yo!.. intend to format 5 , 6 a n d 7 t r a c k s , then you have to input and ‘FORMAT’ each track number one-by-one separately. This means that you can format only one track at a time except for A. All tracks. 2) When using Disk Drive E, F, Geand H 8" diskettes, the track numbers will be from 00 to 76 due 77 tracks available for formatting. into Drive ‘A’ and lock. Rest is same as above. 3. Insert a new diskette (to be and lock. formatted) into Drive 'B' Note 2 : If you intend to continue ‘Formatting’ more unlock Drive ‘ B ’ a n d i n s e r t a g a i n a n e w d i s k e t t e a n d l o c k , follow our instruction from diskettes, just 4. After displaying prompt - ‘A>‘. 5. Type ‘FORMAT’ press <RETURN>. 3 .m Now, you will find computer asking for Drive name ? A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H, (or RETURN to reboot): Type ‘B’ and press <RETURN>. 6. , Displaying Formatting track address 3 A. All tracks W-39 track: Type ‘A’ and press ‘<RETURN>. (For detail refer to Note 1) . i [II]-&2 FSYSGEN : Command for system generation 6. You will get following message on your CRT. SOURCE ON A THEN TYPE RETURN This command is same as 'SYSGEN' of transient command of the CP/M-80, modified to Formula-l. See CP/M-80 manual for method of operation. 7. The object 'FSYSGEN' is to copy 'CCP', 'BDOS', 'BIOS' which are inside the system tracks of source drive diskette to the destination drive diskette. Press <RETURN>. You will get following message on your CRT. FUNCTION COMPLETE This means process of reading from source diskette being completed. +++ 6OK CP/M Vers. 2.2 Formula-l System *** BIOS Created By YCU Co., Ltd. (1983.**.**) A>FSYSGEN 8. You will get following message on your CRT. SYSCEN VERSION *.* DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT) SOURCE DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO SKIP) 9. 10. Type destination drive name as 'B' and press <RETURN>. (You can use any one of the following drives name 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D') Following message will appear on your CRT. FIR. 20 : FSYSGEN Message DESTINATION ON B THEN TYPE RETURN PROCEDURE OF 'FSYSGEN' A NEW DISKETTEr11. You should 'FSYSGEN' a new diskette, which you have already 'FORMATTED' before. Press <RETURN>. You will get following message on your CRT. FUNCTION COMPLETE 1. 2. Insert the CP/M-80 SYSTEM DISKETTE into Drive ‘A’ and lock. Insert 'FORMATTED' diskette into Drive 'B' and lock. 3. Type 'FSYSGEN' and press <RETURN>. (When displaying prompt - ‘A>‘). 4. Displaying This means process of writing to the destination diskette being completed. 12. If you input wrong drive name, an error message will appear on your CRT. not implement drive name !!I In order to proceed further, you should go back to item 4. SYSGEN VERSION *.* SOURCE DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO SKIP) 5. Type source drive name as 'A' and press <RETURN>. (You can use any one of the following drives name ‘A’, 'B', 'C', 'D') -820 -830 13. In order to reboot. on your CRT. You should get the following message SOURCE DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO SKIP) Now press <RETURN>. -8-3 SYSTEM : Command for system generation T h e o b j e c t o f ‘SYSTEM’ is to generats ‘CCP’, ‘BDOS’, 'BIOS' into the system tracks of the destination disk drive diskette. W h i l e e x e c u t i n g t h i s 'SYSTEM' command program, you should note that the directory of the diskette never gets damage. The operations are as follows. Displaying following. DESTINATION DRIVE NAME (OR RETURN TO REBOOT) Press <RETURN> to reboot. Note 1 : Important: At first you should ‘FORMAT’ a new diskette then When using 8" disk drives and diskettes, the process of 'FSYSGEN' is not required. Therefore you should not 'FSYSGEN' 8" diskettes, just 'FORMAT' and start using them according to your choice. I f y o u i n t e n d t o c o n t i n u e ‘FSYSGEN’ more diskette, j u s t u n l o c k D r i v e ‘B’ and insert again a new previously formatted diskette & lock, and follow our instruction from 4. <RETURN> CP/M V e r s . 2 . 2 S y s t e m g e n e r a t i o n ( f o r F o r m u l a - l ) Destinat’ion drive name A,B,C,D (or RETURN to reboot): You will get prompt ‘A>‘. p r o c e e d f o r ‘FSYSGEN’ the same. Note 2 : A>SYSTEM In the above state, i n s e r t a n e w d i s k e t t e i n t o o t h e r d r i v e and lock. Now, input the name of the disk drive in which you have inserted the new.diskette and press <RETURN>.. Due 5.25“ diskettes being loaded by IPL, therefore we only need to do ‘SYSTEM’ of 5.25" diskettes and not 8” diskettes. Accordingly, you should have to choose one of the disk drives n a m e f r o m t h e f o l l o w i n g 'A,B,C,D' in order to use. After you input the disk drive’s name, the message will appear on your CRT. following Generation Start 1 (Y/N) If you intend to generate the 'SYSTEM' on the diskette, press 'Y' then generation start automatically. If the process completes correctly, the following message will appear on your CRT, as ‘Process complete’ and return to initial state. If there being an error, the error message will appear on your CRT as ‘ D i s k w r i t e e r r o r !!I’, and return to initial state. When you do not intend to use this program of system g e n e r a t i o n , p r e s s ‘ N ’ , the execution stops and returns back to CP/M-80 Operating System. P r o c e s s c o m p l e t e - - - - - - - - - - - - Normal end (Disk write error I!!) ------ Abnormal end on -04- We have shown the procedure of 'SYSTEM' a new diskette the following page. -85 5. After displaying Generation Start 3 (Y/N) *** 60K CP/M Vers. 2.2 Formula-l System *** BIOS Created By YCU Co., Ltd. (1983.**.**) A>SYSTEM Press 'Y' for Yes. Generation starts and completes automafically following message appearsr- CP/M Vers. 2.2 Sysiem generation (for Formula-l) Destination drive name A,B,C,D (or RETURN to reboot): Process Complete ! ---------------------------------------------------~----- (In order to continue 'SYSTEM' more diskettes please refer to Note 2) Process complete ! 6. Press <RETURN> in order to reboot. Note 1 : Fig. 21 : SYSTEM Message Important: . a new diskette then At first you should 'FORMAT' proceed for 'SYSTEM' the same. When using 8" disk drive and diskettes, process of 'SYSTEM' is not required. Therefore you should not 'SYSTEM' 8" diskettes, just 'FORMAT' and start using them according to your choice. PROCEDURE OF 'SYSTEM' A NEW DISKETTE:In order to generate 'SYSTEM' on a new diskette, which YOU have already 'FORMATTED' before. Note 2 : 1. Insert the CP/M-80 SYSTEM DISKETTE into Drive 'A' and lock. 2. Insert 'FORMATTED' diskette into Drive 'B' and lock. 3. Type 'SYSTEM' and Press <RETURN>. (When displaying prompt - 'A>'). 4. Displaying If you intend to continue 'SYSTEM' more diskette, just unlock Drive 'B' and insert again a new previously formatted diskette & lock, and follow our instruction from 4. Destination drive name A,B,C,D, (or RETURN to reboot): Press 'B'. - -860 -870 [I#&4 PROMW : Command for EP-ROM programmer It is possible to write-in and read-out the following EP-ROM, by using 'PROMW' command program based on the CP/M-80 Operating System. I When using EP-ROM 2716 / 2516, 2732, 2532 and 2764, you should adjust the slide switch on the right side of EP-ROM socket UP or DOWN, according to specific EP-ROM, you intend to use. 2716 / 2516, 2732 & 2532 -------------- switch UP switch DOWN 2764 ---------------------------------(1) 2716 (Intel) 2516 (TI) (2) 2732 (Intel) (3) 2532 (TI) (4) 2764 (Intel) This program executes under the control of the CP/M-80 in conversational style, it is possible to write-in, read-out, erase check, etc. There are total 13 kinds of commands available herewith. NOW you should get command menu. CP/M-80 system diskette, therefore:- A>PROMW <RETURN> Formula-l EP-ROM Programmer (Vets. *.*) I ****** B - 2 7 1 6 / 2 5 1 6 , C - 2 7 3 2 , D - 2 5 3 2 , E - 2 7 6 4 +*+=** **** Command Menu **** C M : Compare Memory To EP-ROM CP : Copy EP-ROM To EP-ROM DP : Memory Dump DT : Display Command Menu EC : Erase Check To EP-ROM LR : Linking Read. From EP-ROM To Memory MC : Memory Change MF : Make CP/M Hexa File (EP-ROM) MM : Make CP/M Hexa File (Memory) RD : Read From EP-ROM To Memory RF : Read From CP/M Hexa File To Memory RT : Return To CP/M WM : Write From Memory To EP-ROM This program is in the FiR. 22 : EP-ROM Command Menu 1. 2. Insert the CP/M-80 SYSTEM DISKETTE into Drive 'A' and lock. Now you will get prompt 'A)' on your CRT. Type 'PROMW' and press <RETURN>. You will get following command menu. 'PI' appears on the CRT, and stand by for key-input. The following shows an input format of each command. Usually, more than one parameter being required to operate each command as mentioned in the command menu. Further, in between a command and 1st paramete'r, 2nd parameter and 3rd parameter, it is necessary to have a 0' or more than one space in order to operate these commands. [Command name] [lst Parameter] [2nd Parameter] [3rd Parameter] <RETURN> -88- -899 1 I PROCEDURE OF OPERATING EP-ROM COMMANDS ,’ 1. 2. By this command, the contents of the designated EP-ROM are copied to the other designated EP-ROM. However, you should note that only the same type of the EP-ROM can be copied. The following explains an input format of this command. CM: Compare Memory To EP-ROM This command compares the contents of the EP-ROM with the contents of the designated memory. If the consequence is correct, 'OK' appears and if the consequence is not correct, 'ERROR' appears. ** . .’. .’ :.-. q-z . ‘. ;? . * <r . CP: Copy EP-ROM To EP-ROM WI [A Type of EP-ROM] (2) The following explains an input format of the command. (1) [CM] [A type of EP-ROM] [Address of compare starting] <RETURN> (3) (2) (1) (1) : Command name : CP (1) : Command name : CM (2) : B-2716/2516 (Intel or TI) C-2732 (Intel) D-2532 (TI) E-2764 (Intel) ;p-j. ; <RETURN> (2) : B, C, D or E P]CP c <RETURN> COPY 2732 SET PROM ON THE SOCKET OK ? THEN HIT ANY KEY iI .. . l (3) : Hexa 4 characters By pressing any key, at first the contents of the EP-ROM set now on the EP-ROM socket are read, and the following message appears. i . . . < .l Y P]CM B 3000 <RETURN> COMPARE 2716 ADDRESS 3000 SET PROM ON THE SOCKET OK ? THEN HIT ANY KEY c a c- 0:’ . . \;. : . . . I. . . 8 .r -- READ OK (COPY) !! SET PROM ON THE SOCKET OK ? THEN HIT ANY KEY If the EP-ROM is set on the socket correctly, this command starts immediately after hitting any key, and the consequence appears. Take away the currently set EP-ROM from socket, set the new EP-ROM, and hit any key. COMPARE TO 37FF OK II PI O K !I OFFF 00 ----- Writing address and data PI or or OFFF 00 ----- Writing address and data ERROR !! COMPARE TO 37FF ERROR I! PI PI After ending to write, automatically the contents of the written EP-ROM is compared with the contents of the memory, and the consequence appears. 3. J: ; i i DP: Memorv Dunrr, W - I[ \ / *. / /\ 3 *. WI (2) (2) : Hexa 4 characters (3) : Hexa 4 characters 3000 3010 3020 3030 3040 3050 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 The following explains an input format of the command. IW <RETURN> 00 00 00 00 00 00 EC: Erase Check To EP-ROM This command checks whether the contents of the Command name : P]DP 3000 3050 5. EP-ROM has been erased or not. DP (1) = .. .. . . . .* . <RETURN> [End address] (3) [Start Address] (1) 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 (1) [EP-ROM Type] (2) (1) : Command name : EC (2) : B, C, D or E P]EC D <RETURN> <RETURN> ERASE CK 2532 SET PROM ON THE SOCKET OK ? THEN HIT ANY KEY 4. DT: Display Command Menu This command display EP-ROM command menu on your CRT. The input format of this command are as follows. Then, if the EP-ROM is set correctly, hit any key. So the consequence (result) appears. ERASED OK I! <RETURN> WI <No Parameter> PI (1) (1) : Command name : DT ***#** **** CM : CP : DP : DT EC LR MC : : : : MF z MM : RD : or . NOT ERASED I! PI B-2716, C-2732, Dm2532, E-2764 ****** Command Menu *WW Compare Memory To EP-ROM . Copy EP-ROM To EP-ROM Memory Dump Display Command Menu Erase Check To EP-ROM Lfnking Read From EP-ROM To Memory Memory Change Make CP/M Hexa File (EP-ROM) Make CP/M Hexa File (Memory) Read From EP-ROM To Memory 3 c14cf -~nm -aO/rL EF+yq C+_?, T-n+ IVnmnry --F.--w -- *; ’ 6. LR: Linking Read from EP-ROM To Memory 7. MC: Memory Change This command being used when changing the contents of the memory. The following explains an input format of the command. By this command, the contents of the EP-ROM are read in order, and stored in the memory. Before execution of the command, it is necessary to execute 'RD' command. The input format of this command is as follows. WI WI (1) [EP-ROM Type] (2) (1) <RETURN> [Memory Address] (2) <RETURN> (1) : Command name : MC (1) = Command name : LR (2) : He.xa 4 characters (2) : B, C, D or E P]LR B P]MC 4000 4001 4002 4003 4002 4001 4000 <RETURN> READ 2716 ADDRESS 3800 SET PROM ON THE SOCKET OK 3 THEN HIT ANY KEY After you have set the EP-ROM correctly, hit any key. So, the contents of the EP-ROM are loaded to the next address of the previous contents read before. 8. 8 Address decrement ----a / : Return command This command makes the CP/M Hc;a File by a format of < File Name.HEX > and saves the concents of the EP-ROM. And before executing this program, it is necessary to execute 'RD' , 'LR' commands. Input format of the commands is as follows. WI [Drive Name : File Name] (2) <RETURN> . (11 : Command name : MF 1’ : ----- 55 : A changing data Address increment MF: Make CP/M Hexa File (EP-ROM) (1) J i’ <RETURN> <RETURN> <RETURN> <RETURN> <RETURN> <RETURN> <RETURN> <RETURN> When you press <RETURN> key only, this command will display the next forward address. However, if you press f -' key and then press <RETURN> key. This command will display the preceding address. DATA IS STORED FROM 3800 TO 3FFF <RETURN> P]LR B READ 2716 ADDRESS 4000 SET PROM ON THE SOCKET OK ? THEN HIT ANY KEY 4000 00 55 00 00 00 00 00 55 / : ‘, ’ (2) : Drive name --- A-H : a i (If you omit or forget to input the drive name, then automatically the drive's name currently in use get selected.) , File name -94- --- English figures and codes (Maximum of 8 fi ures, file type will be fixed to 'HEX 7 .) -9% {’ ’’ P]MF &TEST * s’ ( * p 10. <RETURN> RD: Read From EP-ROM To Memory This command simultaneously reads the contents of the EP-ROM and loads it into the designated memory address. The input format of this command is as follows. MAKE FILE TEST DRIVE B FROM 3000 TO 4000 FILE TYPE IS HEX ALL INFORMATION OK 3 IF NO GOOD THEN HIT "N" KEY ?! WI If the contents “displayed on your CRT are correct, then hit any key except ‘N’ key, in order to make the file. (1) [ EP-ROM Type] (2) [Start Address ) <RETURN> (3) (1) : Command name : RD PI (2) : B, .C, D or E 9. MM: Make File CP/M Hexa File (Memory) (3) : Hexa 4 c h a r a c t e r s This command makes the CP/M Hexa File by a format of < File Name.HEX > and saves the contents of the memory. The following explains an input format of the command. P)RD B 5000 [MM] [Dv. NametFile (2) (1) <RETURN> READ 2716 ADDRESS 5000 SET PROM ON THE SOCKET OK ? THEN HIT Name] [Start Adre.] [End Adre.] <RETURN> (4) (3) ANY KEY If the EP-ROM is set correctly, hit any key in order to start and complete this process. (1) : Command name : MM (2) : D r i v e n a m e - - - A - H (If you omit or forget to input the drive name, t h e n a u t o m a t i c a l l y t h e drive’s name currently in use get selected.) F i l e n a m e - - - English figures and codes (Maximum of 8 figures, file type will be fixed to ‘HEX’.) P]MM TEST 3000 4000 I . * . : . : :’ * <RETURN> MAKE FILE TEST DRIVE A FROM 3000 TO 4000 FILE TYPE IS HEX ALL INFORMATION OK ? IF NO GOOD THEN HIT “N” KEY I! DATA IS STORED FROM 5000 TO S7FF PI 11. RF: Read From CP/M Mexa File To Memory This command reads the contents of the ‘HEX’ or ‘COM’ f i l e o f t h e CP/M-80 a n d l o a d s i t t o m e m o r y . Further at the time of loading, it is possible to add the bias value to the loading address too. The input format of this command is as follows. [RF] [Drive Name:File Name.File Typc~j [Bias Value] <RETURN> (1) (2) (3) (1) : Command name : RF If the contents displayed on your CRT are correct, t h e n h i t a n y k e y e x c e p t ‘N’ k e y , i n o r d e r t o m a k e t h e f i l e . (2) : D r i v e n a m e - - - A - H (If you omit or forget to input the drive name, t h e n a u t o m a t i c a l l y t h e drive’s name currently in use get selected.) PI -96- File name --- English figures and codes (Maximum of 8 figures.) File type --- Either ‘HEX’ or ‘COM’ -97- (3) : H e x e 4 c h a r a c t e r s If you omit or forget to input t h e hexa 4 c h a r a c t e r s , t h e n automatically bias value turns into '0000'. P]RF A:TEST.HEX 1000,. 12. <RETURN> ( a t ORG - 4 0 0 0 H ) (1) : Command name : WM (2) : B, C, D or E (3) : Hexa 4 c h a r a c t e r s WRITE 2716 ADDRESS 3000 SET PROM ON THE SOCKET OK ? THEN HIT ANY KEY RT: CP/M-80 Return If the EP-ROM is set correctly, hit any key in order to start this process and you will get following message on your CRT. WI <RETURN> <RETURN> the CP/M-80 I <No Parameter> For this command parameter is not required. 13. <RETURN> (3) After pressing <RETURN> key, the process starts and completes the file contents being read and get loaded immediately into the assigned memory address. This command works same as pressing <CTRL> ‘C’ key. The following explains an input format of the command. : [Start Address] P]WM B 3000 By ‘RT’ command you can return back to ; [ EP-ROM Type] (2) READ CP/M FILE (HEX OR COM) DATA IS STORED FROM 5000 TO 6000 PI from EP-ROM programmer. ; WMI (1) WM: Write From Memory To EP-ROM The 'WM' command write the contents of the designated After finish writing, the memory address to the EP-ROM. process of read & compare-check automatically being done by this command and thereafter consequence (result) appears. You should note that the erase-check has not been done at 07FF 0 0 ----- Writing address & data DATA IS WRITTEN TO 37FF O K I! PI or 07FF 00 ----- Writing address & DATA IS WRITTEN TO 37FF ERROR ! I PI Now if you get above error message on your CRT, then you should replace the EP-ROM with the new one and try again from the beginning. this time of writing. If error occurs in the process of writing, this command rewrites again automatically. In order to stop writing on the way, press 'S' key, f i n i s h w r i t i n g p r e s s ‘N’ k e y , a n d a t t h i s s t a t e t h e process compare-check does not take place. to In order to continue writing aga%n press 'Y' key. writing address and the related data will always appear on your CRT at time of writing. The input format of this command are as follows. The -98- data -99- Il%EM FUNC : Command for function a numeric-keys This command can change the code of Function-Keys, Numeric-Keys and Cursor Control-Keys on the CP/M-80 basis. Every Function-Keys codes, which can be assigned by this command are limited to 8 bytes, and every Numeric-Keys and Cursor Control-Keys codes are limited to 2 bytes. Next, the operation 5s explained. 5. Type 'FUNC' press <RETURN> key. 6. You will get above message on your CRT (Fig. 23). There are four different types of command in order to change Function-Keys codet(1) ASCII code input command (2) Hexa code input command Function’ Key Code Change Command (Vers. *.+) (c)1982,YCU CO., LTD. ., 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 Fl F2 F3 F4 FS F6 F7 F8 F9 HOME t 1 4 7 + - H A 1 4 7 + - lB48 1B 41 31 00 34 00 37 00 2B 00 2D 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 d + 2 5 8 CL 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 C 1B B 10 2 32 5 33 8 38 oc 43 42 00 00 00 00 (3) FunctionLKeys code display command (4) Disk write and exit command 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1. If you intend to change key code of any one of the Function-Keys, Numeric-Keys or Cursor Control-Keys at the beginning, you should press the specific key which you want to change. 0 3 6 8 0 3 6 9 l l D 1B 30 33 36 38 2E 44 00 00 00 00 00 + For example:- If you want to change 'F2' key code, press ‘F2’ key “F2 F2 92 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Now type your intended key code you want to set into 'F2' Function-Keys code. If you want to input "STAT's" code into the code of ‘F2’ Function-Keys. FIR. 23 : Function-Keys Code Table , PROCEDURE OF SETTING FUNCTION-KEYS CODE Detail explanation of Function-Keys and their code change commands, including setting of Function-Keys are as followst1. Insert CP/M-80 System Program into Drive ‘A’. 2. You will get prompt 3. Type ‘DIR’ press <RETURN> Key. (to get the directory of the CP/M-80) ’ 4. ASCII code input command 'A>' on your CRT. Then type "STAT" and press <RETURN> key. You will find "STAT" code being inserted into ‘F2’ code area. +F2 F2 F2 * STAT STAT 92 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 <RETURN> 53 54 41 54 00 00 00 00 You will get "STAT's" ASCII code being input into the 'F2' key's Hexa code area. The previously inserted code, 1 if any automatically get erased. Now, you check in the directory for Function-Keys codes change command as ‘FUNC COM’ . -1 oo- -lOl- Every Function-Keys code which can be assigned by this command are limited to maximum 8 bytes, every Numeric-Keys code and Cursor Control-Keys code are limited to maximum 2 bytes. I f y o u d o a n y .mistake i n i n p u t c h a r a c t e r s i n t o Hexa code, then you can not erase it with 'BACK SPACE' key. In order to start again, you should go to the beginning. Therefore press <RETURN> key. T r y a g a i n . If you make any input errors, you can erase by pressing Therefore you can erase unwanted input 'BACK SPACE' key. immediately. I You should always input 2 characters code at a time. You can only input your character code into Function-Keys code, Numeric-Keys code and Cursor Control-Keys code. If you input some other key code, you will get ‘ P a r a m e t e r E r r o r !I!‘. Note 1 : Note 2 : 2. If you input more than 8 bytes for Function-Keys and m o r e t h a n 2 b y t e s f o r N u m e r i c - K e y s a n d C u r s o r ControlK e y s t h e n y o u w i l l g e t ‘ I n p u t P a r a m e t e r E r r o r !I!‘. Therefore, re-input again correctly to proceed further. Note 1 : You can also input less than 8 bytes for Function-Keys and less than 2 bytes for Numeric-Keys and Cursor C o n t r o l - K e y s a n d a t t h e e n d , i n order&to f i n i s h p r e s s <RETURN> key. I f youinput m o r e t h a n 8 b y t e s f o r F u n c t i o n - K e y s and more than 2 bytes for Numeric-Keys and Cursor Control-Keys, then you won't get any ‘ I n p u t p a r a m e t e r e r r o r l!!’ s i g n . Note 2 : In order to stop or change, press <RETURN> key, 3. Hexa c o d e i n p u t c o m m a n d By changing the Function-Key code to the optional c o d e s , a t t h e b e g i n n i n g p r e s s 'H' k e y , s o '#' c h a r a c t e r appears, and press the key which is going to be changed. Now you should remember you can input key codes from ‘0’ to ‘9’ and from ‘A’ to ‘F’ only. D u e o t h e r k e y c o d e s a r e n o t Hexa c o d e t h e r e f o r e u n a b l e to operate with this command. F o r e x a m p l e : - I f y o u w a n t t o c h a n g e ‘F2’ k e y c o d e t o ‘STAT <RETURN>’ at first press ‘H’, you w i l l g e t ‘t’ o n y o u r C R T . “H 1 P r e s s ‘F2’ k e y , #F2 F2 STAT f o l l o w i n g appearst- 53 5 4 41 5 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Now input Hexa c o d e character for 'STAT <RETURN>' (535441540D) and press <RETURN>. F2 STAT F2 * STAT 53 5 4 41 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 3 4 41 5 4 OD <RETURN> 53 5 4 41 5 4 OD 0 0 0 0 0 0 Function-Keys code display command In order to operate this command, a t f i r s t y o u s h o u l d p r e s s ' D ' k e y t o g e t F u n c t i o n - K e y s c o d e d i s p l a y t a b l e a s follows:- u Fl F2 F3 F4 FS F6 F7 F8 F9 91 53 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 STAT . HOME f 1 4 7 + 1 4 7 + - H A lB48 1B 4 1 31 00 34 00 37 00 2B 00 2D 00 00 54 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 41 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 I 2 5 8 CL 00 54 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OD 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 c 0 10 1B .32 35 38 oc 43 42 00 00 00 00 2 5 8 0 3 6 8 0 0 3 6 9 l D 1B 30 33 36 38 2E 44 00 00 00 00 00 * Upon operating display command, above Function-Keys code table will appear on your CRT and represent codes of Function-Keys, Numeric-Keys and Cursor Control-Keys. Thus the change of codes being completed. -102- 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 -1030 4. 6. Disk write and exit Due the codes which have already been changed to new one will get erased automatically after System-Reset. Therefore, if you want to restore new (changed) codes, then, In order to write, you have to write on the system diskette. you must appoint disk drive ‘A’ as main drive. Press ‘E’ k e y , y o u w i l l g e t f o l l o w i n g m e s s a g e o n y o u r C R T . Disk Write Ok (Y/N) ? If you change your mind and do not want to write/restore So it will return o n t h e d i s k e t t e ( D r i v e ‘ A ’ ) , p r e s s ‘N’ k e y . * b a c k t o t h e CP/M-80 f r o m t h i s c o m m a n d , a n d ‘ R e - b o o t I?!’ message will appear on your CRT. If you intend to write into your diskette (Drive ‘A’), On normal end the following message t h e n p r e s s ‘Y’ k e y . appears. Disk Write Complete !! And system automatically returns back to initial s t a t e of ‘Disk Write Ok (Y/N) 2’. 5. Errors 1 ) P a r a m e t e r E r r o r !!I I f y o u i n p u t a n y k e y o t h e r t h a n F u n c t i o n - K e y s , NumericK e y s a n d C u r s o r C o n t r o l - K e y s a s w e l l a s ‘ H ’ , ‘ D ’ , ‘E’ k e y s y o u w i l l g e t ‘ P a r a m e t e r E r r o r 111’. 2 ) I n p u t P a r a m e t e r E r r o r 111 Input characters number is over. T h i s m e a n s i f y o u i n p u t m o r e t h a n 8 b y t e s f o r FunctionKeys and more than 2 bytes for Numeric-Keys and Cursor C o n t r o l - K e y s , t h e n y o u w i l l g e t ‘Input Parameter Error 111’. 3 ) R e a d E r r o r I!! When diskette (Drive 'A') being damaged. Therefore it is impossible to read-out from diskette (Drive ‘ A ’ ) , a n d a l s o i t i s i m p o s s i b l e t o w r i t e i n t o the diskette (Drive ‘A’). 4 ) W r i t e E r r o r 111 It is impossible to write into the diskette (Drive ‘A’). Due to diskette has damages or protection label being pasted on it, and it will ‘Re-boot’ automatically. 5 ) W r i t i n g t o d i s k e t t e i s I m p o s s i b l e 111 When there is a ‘Read Error’ and you intend to write on the diskette (Drive 'A'), the above message appears and it will ‘Re-boot’ automatically. CP/M-80 r e t u r n When you want to get out of this command and return t o t h e CP/M-80, p r e s s <CTRL> ‘ C ’ k e y . -104- -105- .( ‘? .9 Please note, if you intend to use any other mode. Kindly see t h e item No. < [6]-4 R S - 2 3 2 - C I n t e r f a c e > a n d S e r i a l I / O (ZBOA S I O ) c h i p ’ s m a n u a l a n d ‘ I / O M a p ’ t h o r o u g h l y , a s w e l l a s initialize Serial I/O again, 1’21 Inside of the Formula-l [12)-l General Specifications of Z8OA Family Chips Y o u c a n u s e t h e F o r m u l a - l ’ s Z80A f a m i l y c h i p s a c c o r d i n g t o Therefore, you should read ‘I/O your specific requirement also. Map’ and ‘ T h e S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f Z80A F a m i l y C h i p s ’ i n o r d e r t o u s e t h e m f o r y o u r speckfic p u r p o s e s . Serial I/O (Z80A SIO) Parallel I/O (280A PIO) Counter & Timer (Z8OA CTC) DMA (ZSOA DMA) In order to use the above devices, at first, you must I/O device address of the Formula-l is initialize the chips. c o m p o s e d o f 1 6 b i t s , and we have arranged the V-RAM of CRT in the I/O area such a way that you can use all 6 4 K bytes memory Further in this, when accessing I/O area as your program area. device the instructions of ‘IN’ and ‘OUT’ are limited to the following data Input/Output instructions. .\ I We can set Baud-Rate clock in two ways:1. By using ‘ B a u d - R a t e S e l e c t i o n S w i t c h e s ’ The Baud--Rate clock usually being formed and set in Z8OA CTC, b y s e t t i n g c o r r e s p o n d i n g v a l u e s a c c o r d i n g t o < T a b l e 9 : BaudRate Setting > with the help of ‘Baud-Rate Selection Switches’ in the DIP-Switch, which is at the rear side of Formula-l, 2. By using ‘Clock-Rate Selection Switches’ I n t h i s p r o c e d u r e , y o u c a n d i r e c t l y s e t c o r r e s p o n d i n g BaudR a t e v a l u e s i n t o Z80A C T C , b y c h a n g i n g t h e p o s i t i o n o f ‘x 1’ and ‘x 16’ ‘ C l o c k - R a t e S e l e c t i o n S w i t c h e s ’ a c c o r d i n g t o < Table 20 : C T C S e t t i n g L i s t > i n t h e D I P - S w i t c h . I I I n o r d e r t o s e t B a u d - R a t e v a l u e C T C S e t t i n g L i s t a s follows:- <Note> The clock to CTC is (1) x 1 ( 2 ) x 16 - Data input instruction IN A, w ;BC-register : Device address input frequency the next. - - 153.6 KHz - 1.2288 MHz Data output instruction OUT (C),A ;BC-register : Device address [12)-1-l Serial I/O (2804 90) As per our standard, we have set the parameters in asynchronous mode for both Channel-A and Channel-B. t 128 : Mode Asynchronous (Start Stop Synchronous) Interrupt Disable Character Bit Length 8 Parity Even number parity Stop Bit Length 2 stop bit Clock Rate x 16 Remarks As p e r o u r standard, we are using 300 lsol ‘ T a b l e 2 0 : CTC Setting List bits/character c o n t r o l s i g n a l s ‘RD’ and ‘SD’ only. -106- Z80A CTC has 4 channels, f r o m w h i c h 2 c h a n n e l s o f t h o s e a r e allocated for forming the Baud-Rate clock for the Serial I/O. C h a n n e l 1 i s u s e d f o r f o r m i n g t h e B a u d - R a t e zl-ock o f ‘ C h a n n e l - A ’ of the Serial I/O, and Channel 2 is used for forming the Baud-Rate clock of ‘Channel-B’ of the Serial I/O. Z8f:. S I O h a s ‘W/RDYA’ and ‘W/RDYB’ p i n s , which are connected with ‘RDY’ (DMA request) pin of Z80A DMA of the Formula-l. Therefore it is possible to t r a n s f e r D M A b y s e t t i n g t h e p a r a m e t e r s i n t h e Z80A S I O a s w e l l . -lQ7- . /\ B* I [1*1-2 Parallel I/O (280A PIO) Note 2 : Due to already intend detach o u r c o m p a n y s t a n d a r d , IC o f P a r a l l e l I / O h a s However, if you soldered with Main PCB. to use such for general purposes, you should t h e I C s o l d e r i n g a n d a t t a c h IC s o c k e t s . Further, t i m e t o t i m e y o u h a v e t o c h a n g e IC’s, I C positions, jumpers, as well as pull-up resistors either attach or detach according to your specific use. !. ,* i I , The DMA of this computer being used for the purpose of transferring data in between memory and floppy diskettes. You can also use DMA for data transferring in some other purpose Although in this one should be very careful, because as well. i f y o u c a l l ‘FDC Subroutine Program’ the parameter of DMA will certainly get damage. Apart from transferring data from floppy disk drives, it can a l s o t r a n s f e r d a t a f r o m t h e following:Serial I/O.(Channel-A, Channel-B) Memory to Memory Transfer External (DMAREQ) Terminal This DMA has a higher functions, very complex in use, therefore, one should use it after thoroughly understanding the manuals. [I++3 Counter & Timer (28CM CTC) Serial I/O A s w e h a v e s t a t e d i n t h e i t e m N o . < [12]-1-1 (280A S I O ) > t h e u s e r c a n o n l y u s e t w o c h a n n e l s # 0 a n d #3 together or separately. F o r d e t a i l p l e a s e r e f e r t o < F i g . 5 : Logic of Counter & Timer >. i ,’ ,‘$ [12]-l-4 Direct Memory Access (Z8OA DMA) I n o r d e r t o kn.ow d e t a i l i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t h a r d w a r e format of the Parallel I/O of Formula-l, please refer to item N o . < [6)-3 C e n t r o n i c s S t a n d a r d P r i n t e r I n t e r f a c e >. According to our company standard Parallel I/O has been set on to use with Centronics Standard Interface Printer. When you intend to use for other purposes, it is necessary to change jumper at first, and then initialize the parameter. Note 1 : / \ Channel RO 8, bits programmable timer Channel # 1 Baud-Rate setting of Serial I/O Channel-A Channel 82 Baud-Rate setting of Serial I/O Channel-B C h a n n e l #3 8 bits programmable Counter/Timer T i m e r c l o c k ’ s c h a n n e l AI0 a n d #3 a r e o f 4 M H z c o n n e c t e d t o You can input separately either the ‘Zero Count’ system clock. signal of channel #0 or ‘External Clock’ signal coming from o u t s i d e s y s t e m i n t o c o u n t e r c l o c k o f c h a n n e l #3 b y s e l e c t i n g the short-plug/jumper accordingly. I n s t a n d a r d , d o n o t c h a n g e p a r a m e t e r s o f c h a n n e l 81 a n d #2 However, i f y o u i n t e n d t o c h a n g e t h e B a u d - R a t e s , o n l y at all. t h e n y o u s h o u l d c h a n g e t h e p a r a m e t e r s o f c h a n n e l #l a n d #2. [12]-1-5 Interrupt The interrupt’s order of priority is below mentioned. Further, t h e r e h a s b e e n s p e c i f i c o r d e r o f p r i o r i t i e s i n e a c h chips itself. Therefore, in order to get detail information pertaining to the chips, you must refer to ‘The Specifications o f Z80A F a m i l y C h i p s ’ . High I Low -lo&- (Z80A CX) 2, Serial I/O (280A NO) 3. Parallel I/O (280A PIO) 4. DMA (280A DMA) As our standard, w i t h t h e F o r m u l a - l w e d o n o t u t i l i z e interruption at all. Therefore, if you are interested, you should make your own interrupt program according to your specific use. Note : 4. 1, Counter & Timer ‘The S p e c i f i c a t i o n s o f Z80A F a m i l y C h i p s ’ , a r e a v a i l a b l e w i t h ‘Zilog I n c . , ’ U S A . -109- [12)-2 I/O Map The following shows the I/O address structure of the Formula-l. I I I I I I I I I FSOOH STS7 STS6 STSS STS4 STS3 STS2 STSl STSO DMA Status t I 1 Fig. :N ote 24 P System I/O Area : Prohibited to use I I : I/O Address Structure System I/O Area. Detail information being provided in < Table 21 : User’s D e v i c e I / O M a p (l),(2),(3) a n d ( 4 ) > . Parallel I/O (280A PIO) I ; Floppy Disk Controller ,t (MB8876) ! F830 SIA7 SIA6 SIAS SIA4 SIA3 SIA2 SIAl SIAO CH-A, Rx Data Serial I/O F831 fSTS7 STS6 STSS STS4 STS3 STS2 STSl STSO lCH-A, Status I \ (Z80A SIO) F832 SIB7 SIB6 SIBS’SIB4 SIB3 SIB2 SIB1 SIBO,CH-B, Rx Data L L I F833 STS7 STS6 STSS STS4 STS3 STS2 1 STSl STSO CH-B, Status Table 21 : U s e r ’ s D e v i c e I / O M a p ( 1 ) -llO- -111- output 1 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 Dl -4 DO ~-T--l--~ ----I j j j j F8OOH CMD7 CMD6 CMDS CMD4 CMD3 CMDZ CMDl CMDO DMA Command EP-ROM Programmer F835 (Z80A PIO) F836 TIME 2532 2716, - I I 1 F837 i Keyboard ~~ - --- F838 KB7 KB6 KB5 KB4 'KB3 I I FKFR f CflfE m IRQ Floppy Status I Interrupt I I F814 System I Interrupt Flag Reset Boot-Strap ROM Disable I Ignore Data Bit I I Ignore Data Bit I I Counter & Timer Table 21 : User's Device I/O Map (2) (Z80A CTC) F822 CMDf CMD6 CMDS CMD4 CMD3 CMDZ'CMDl CMDO SIO (N-B) Baud-Rate Clock CM27 lCM26 CM25 CM24 CM23 Command (User) i Table 21 : User's Device I/O Map (3) -112- -113- Floppy Disk Controller (MB8876) F829 F82A F82B E 1 F830 Serial I/O (~831 ~TRKllTRKOITrack ‘TRK7 lTRK6 Register Register SEC5 <Eh ISECOlSector DATS DATlIDAT3(DAT2 DATl 1 DATOl Data ‘Register soA (S0~6 SOAS SOAb/SOA31SOA2 SOAl[SOAOICH-A, TX Data CMD7 ICMD~ CMDS CMD4 [ CMD3 / CMD2 CMDl CMDO CH-A, Command I ~/SOB7 IS0~6 ~SOB5 SOB4 1 SOB3 1 SOB2 iSOB SOB0 CH-B, TX Data /CMD7 lm~6 CMDS i CMD4 1 CMD3 1 CMD2 1 CMDl 1 CMDO 1 CH-B, Command (Z80A PIO) F836 2532 2716 POW m WRT ADRS EP-ROM Command F837 ,CMD7kMD6 CMDS CMD4 CMD3 CMD2 CMDl CMDQ Port-B, Command Buzzer & etc. F83C TK60 ,BUZ Floppy I Disk I/O DBL 8” E I I MOTR SIDE DRV3 DRV2 DRVl DRVO Drive Register QfDl CMDO Port-B, Command Table 21 : User’s Device I/O Map (4) t Table 22 : CRT 6 printer Character Code Tablet21 Table 23 : -a (131-l [13] Bundled Software Packages Following Bundling Software P a c k a g e s a v a i l a b l e w i t h o u r system unit. 1) I’ 2) CalcStar I n f o S t a r S y s t e m ( i n c l u d i n g DataStar, ReportStar 1. WordStar a n d FormSort) T h e F o r m u l a - l w i t h * W o r d S t a r ’ (MailMerge andrn~;;~~~tar) can process letters, customers lists, contracts, and immense of ‘ O A ’ w o r k w i t h s p e e d a n d p r o f i c i e n c y . WordStar is a complete wordprocessing system that makes it easy for you to type any kind of letter or document. WordStar offers all the features of the most advanced electric typewriter, plus many more features not found in other typewriter. 2. CalcStar The Formula-l with ‘CalcStar’ is a high-productive business tool designed to save your time and money. Thereby advanced statistical analysis, business forecasting, account payable, depreciation schedules, payroll all made CalcStar is MicroPro’s powerful electronic easy and accurate. spread sheet - a sophisticated, yet easy to use calculating and business planning tool specially for quality work. 3. 1. WordStar According t o our company standard, we have already installed ‘WordStar’ in order to use immediately along with system ‘Formula-l’ and ‘Formula FP-80’ printer. W o r d S t a r ( i n c l u d i n g MailMerge a n d SpellStar) 3) Installation of Bundled Softwars Packages InfoStar System ‘InfoStar System’ with the Formula-l, most users friendly and efficient companion for Data Base Management. InfoStar System is the latest addition to the MicroPro line It’s much more than just an addition though, of software. InfoStar quite an enhancer to your library or software. System is easy to learn for the beginner, yet carries the power that professionals need. If you intend to use some other maker’s printers, please r e f e r t o ‘WordStar Installation Manual’ along with your printer’s specification manual for detail. 2. CalcStar When using ‘CalcStar’, you do not require installation at all. You can use any standard printer which has already been assigned to ‘LST:’ the output list device. For detail, please r e f e r t o ‘Formula-l User’s Manual’ section < [ll]-3 D e v i c e a l l o c a t i o n > . 3. InfoStar System When using ‘ I n f o S t a r installation at all. System’ you do not require You c a n u s e a n y s t a n d a r d p r i n t e r w h i c h h a s a l r e a d y b e e n a s s i g n e d t o LST : the output list device. For detail, please refer to ‘Formula-l User’s Manual’ section < [ll]-3 D e v i c e a l l o c a t i o n >. Note : Y o u c a n u s e o n l y s y s t e m ’ s ‘ 5 . 5 ’ C R T ’ o r ‘FM-e’ w i t h t h i s Formula-l system. Since a b o v e C R T s a l r e a d y b e i n g i n s t a l l e d a c c o r d i n g t o bundling software packages, therefore you do not require t o i n s t a l l it a g a i n . [13]-2 (131-3 Functign-Keys Assignment for WordStar W e h a v e assigned a l l F u n c t i o n - K e y s s p e c i a l l y i n o r d e r t o make easy to use WordStar’ a p p l i c a t i o n p r o g r a m w i t h o u t u s i n g original keys commands. Option Commands for WordStar 8 InfoStar SYSTEM 1. Bold face (FP-80 function) AA : B o l d f a c e o n “N : B o l d f a c e o f f Therefore you should follow below mentioned table to use the assigned Function-Keys and commands. 2. Under score (FP-80 function) v : Under score on/off (toggle) 3. Italic *E : I t a l i c o n “Q’R : I t a l i c o f f Fl F2 F3 F4 FS F6 F7 F8 F9 : : : : : t : : : <CTRL> ‘ Q ’ <CTRL> ‘ 0 ’ <CTRL> ‘ O C ’ <CTRL> ‘ O D ’ <CTRL> ‘ O G ’ .OP <RETURN> . PA <RETURN> <CTRL> ‘ K D ’ <CTRL> ‘ K S ’ HOME : <CTRL> ‘ Q E ’ d : (CTRL) ‘ D ’ CI : <CTRL> ‘S’ : <CTRL> ’ E ’ t : <CTRL> ‘ X ’ t Quick menu On screen menu Center text Print display on/off Paragraph tab Omit page number Change page Files save -- done Files save & resume Moves Moves Moves Moves Moves -120- the the the the the cursor cursor cursor cursor cursor 4. Character pitch AW h Q Aw ‘R “Q : 5 cpi : 8 cpi (bold face) : 10 cpi : 17 cpi (bold face) to top line right one character left one character up one line down one line -121- Now, insert into Drive ‘B’ the 'Original Diskette' from which you want to copy. Procedure of File Copy [j3)4 Press <CTRL> ‘C’. (Holding the <CTRL> key down while you type 'C'.) 9. *** 60K CP/M Vera. 2.2 Formula-l System *** BIOS Created By r YCU Co., Ltd. (1983.**."") A>B: B> C B>A: A>PIP Bt-A:PIP.COM[VO] 10. Type 'PIP A:-B:*.+[VO] and press <RETURN>. 11. Wait till Copying Process END. A>PIP Br-A:STAT.COM[VO] A> C A>PIP A:-B:*.*[VO] :Note I131 -5 HR. 25 : Method of CopyinK PROCEDURE OF COPYING A NEW DISKETTE FROM ORIGINAL DISKETTE 1. 2. Insert the 'CP/M-80 SYSTEM DISKETTE' into Drive 'A' and lock. Insert a new diskette into Drive 'B'. (which has already 'FORMAT and SYSTEM'). 3. Type 'B:' and press <RETURN>. 4. Press <CTRL> 'C'. (Holding the <CTRL> key down while you type 'C'.) 5. Type 'A:' and press <RETURN>. 6. Type 'PIP B:-A:PIP.COM[VO]' and press <RETURN>. Type 'PIP B:-A:STAT.COM[VQ]' and press <RETURN>. 7. Take out the 'CP/M-80 SYSTEM DISKETTE' from Drive 'A'. Take out inserted new diskette from Drive ‘B’ and insert it into Drive 'A'. When you intend to copy specific files, please refer to our "CP/M-80 OPERATING SYSTEM MANUAL's PIP COMMAND" for detail, Procedure of Assigning External Printer Generally, as per our company standard at the state of power switch ‘ON’ the system’s thermal printer being already assigned to operate. Therefore, you do not require to assign 'STAT' command. However, when you intend to use an external printer with Centronics Standard Interface, you should type following command at first. When you get prompt 'A>' on your CRT at the beginning type following command. &>STAT LSTt-LPT: :Note <RETURN> Please refer to our "CP/M-80 OPERATING SYSTEM MANUAL's STAT COMMAND" for detail. -123- / . 2 3 [I4 Application Software Packages 3. The Formula-l is a superb device for data processing at the o f f i c e , s t o r e , l a b o r a t o r y , e t c . and software development tool for process-control system, mechatronics (mechanism/electronics) system and medical electronics system, etc. Therefore, various kinds of application software packages a v a i l a b l e o n t h e m a r k e t , o p e r a t i n g o n t h e CP/M-80 w o r k s w e l l For example Data Base Management Systems, with the Formula-l. Financial Accounting Packages, Languages & Applications Tools, Details are specified in Numerical Problem-Solving Tools, ,etc. the software manuals. DESPOOL FILETRAN IBM/CPM ISIS/CPM (CID/S) RTll/CPM (CRX/S) RECLAIM ZAP-80 4. System Tools 1 (Assembler, Debugger, Linker, etc.) DISILOC DISTEL MAC MACRO-80 PLINK-II RAID SID 280 Development Package 2 8 0 D e v e l o p m e n t P a c k a g e + ZDT 280 TDL Package (EDIT t PASM t PLINK t BUG/uBUG) EDT ZMAC (ZSOM/S) ZSID 2. System Tools 2 (Editors) EDIT-80 MINCE PMATE WORDMASTER -124- Cross Assemblers/Compilers XASM-OS XASM-09 XASM-18 XASM-48 XASM-51 XASM-65 XASM-68 XASM-F8 XASM-28 XS-8000 * Summary 1. S y s t e m T o o l s 3jSystem U t i l i t i e s ) 5. Languages ALGOL-60 APL/V80 BASIC-80 (Interpreter) BASIC COMPILER baZic I I BDS C Compiler CBASIC-2 CIS COBOL (Standard) COBOL-80 FORTRAN-80 JRT PASCAL KBASIC muLISP NEVADA COBOL PASCAL/M PASCAL MT t with Speed Programming Package PASCAL/Z PL/ l-86 Rgy FORTH F80 Rgy FORTH FZ80 SBASIC STIFF UPPER LISP Timin FORTH tiny C tiny C II WHITESMITH’S C COMPILER ZIL Compiler ZIL Interpreter -125- 6. Language & Applications Tools 10. ACCOUNT PAYABLE(P.T.) ACCOUNT RECEIVABLE (P.T.) ANGEL APARTMENT MANAGEMENT BOSS FINANCIAL ACCOUNT SYSTEM DATEBOOK-I I DENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 8000 DENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 9000 GENERAL LEDGER (P.T.) GLECTOR GRAFTALK GUARDIAN INSURANCE AGENCY SYSTEM 9000 INVENTORY (P.T.) MAILING ADDRESS MEDICAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 8000 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 9000 PAS-3 DENTAL PAS-3 MEDICAL PAYROLL (P.T.) POSTMASTER PROPERTY MANAGEMENT (P.T.) SALES PRO WIREMASTER BASIC UTILITY DISK (for BASIC-80) FABS I FABS II FORMS 2 (for CIS COBOL) MAGIsam (for CBASIC-2 OR BASIC-80) MAG/samlb ( f o r C B A S I C - 2 ) MAGfsort M/SORT (for COBOL-80) PSORT STRING/80 (for Microsoft languages) STRING/80 source code STRING BIT (FORTRAN source) SUPERSORT ULTRASORT II VISAM (for PL/l-80) 7. Telecommunications ASCOM BSTAM BSTMS BTAM-80 CICS-80 RBET-80 RJE-80 8. 11. 9. Numerical Problem-Solving Tools T/MAKER II FPL MICROSTAT muSIMP/muMATH PLAN80 STATPAK Word Processing Systems and Aids BENCHMARK MAGIC WAND MICROSPELL SPELLGUARD TEXTWRITER III DOCUMATE/PLUS WORDINDEX WORDSTAR CUSTOMIZATION NOTES Business Packages Note : Program name, sy stem name, CPU name, etc., are their own r e g i s t e r e d t r a d e mark s of the each company. Data Management Systems CONDOR S-20 dBASE II MAGibase MAG/base2 MAG/ base3 Micro-SEED TIM-III CBS SELECTOR III-C2 SELECTOR IV -1260 -127~ [Wl [Is] Operation . T h e f o l l o w i n g s h o w s t h e front 5.25” F l o p p y D i s k D r i v e and rear view of the Formula-l. 80 columns/line Thermal Printer * 5.5” CRT Screen \ / f EP-ROM Programmer Socket Power-ON Sbtting F i r s t , connect AC-cable with AC-connector on the rear side and put the plug of the cable into an outlet of AC-power. Uext, t u r n O N t h e p o w e r s w i t c h , w h i c h i s o n t h e r e a r s i d e o f t h e Formula-l. Pull out the diskette from the floppy disk drives, before you turn ON or OFF the power switch. If AC-power is supplied correctly, the brand name of the Formula-l being displayed immediately. Thereafter, the following message will appear on your CRT. Formula-l I P L V e r s +.+ f o r m i n i 2D I n t h i s s t a t e , insert the System Diskette into the Drive ‘A’ correctly. F a n , Keyboard 1 L Brand Display Fig. View 26 : Front of the Formula-l 0 ro RS-2320C(CH-B) Parallel I/O Connector Connector C Connector Fuse Power Switch 8” Floppy Disk J Drive Connector 5.25" Floppy Dis J Drive Connector Fig. 27 2 Rear View of the Formula-l -128- Fig. 28 : Direction of -129- the Diskette Insertion Lock the disk drive after inserting the diskette, following message will appear on your C R T , a n d t h e s y s t e m s t a r t s . **)+ 6 0 k CP/M V e r s . 2 . 2 F o r m u l a - l s y s t e m *** BIOS created By YCU CO., Ltd. (1983.**.**) A>- Cursor ’ Up to this operation, if the below error message appear, So, reset this means insertion of the diskette is not correct. If you still get an error, then you should the diskette again. assume that there is something wrong with the diskette. IPL error ! 1151-3 EP-ROM Ptogrammw Socket A t f i r s t , you should make sure the number of pins on the EP-ROM and thereafter insert EP-ROM into the socket, by matching extreme left pin and pin hole together. Be careful not to make any mistake, otherwise you will spoil the EP-ROM. You must.make sure that head of the EP-ROM is on the right hand side as we have shown in the bellow figure. Then move the socket lever to the right side in order to lock the EP-ROM. You must follow below figures for inserting EP-ROM accurately. (Error message) or BOOT err. Check the following points, when power is not supplied e v e n a f t e r y o u t u r n ON the power switch. 1. Check: AC-cable connectors inserted properly into the system unit as well as AC-outlet. 2. Check: If exact AC-power v o l t a g e f r o m t h e A C - o u t l e t being supplied to the system unit. 3. Check: If the fuse has blown? Slide switch UP or DOWN, according to EP-ROM as mentioned here under:2716 / 2516, 2732 and 2532 -m------------ switch UP 2764 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - switch DOWN Do not repeat ON/OFF operation of the power switch, otherwise there is a possibility of an error. Turn ON the power switch at least after 2 or 3 seconds passed, if the power switch being turned OFF previously. [15]-2 S y s t e m Reset In order to reset the Formula-l without using the power s w i t c h , y o u s h o u l d h o l d t h e <CTRL> k e y d o w n w h i l e y o u p r e s s <RESET> key and release one of the two keys, thereafter you will find system being reset. This state is similar to the state, when you turn ON the power switch. Fig. -130- 29 : Disposition of EP-ROM Socket Pin -131- (151-4 ‘*. : i '1, I ‘. : ;p Procedure of Changing Roll Paper The system printer of the Formula-l is a thermal printer. Therefore, you need thermal paper to feed this printer. In case of storing thermal roll paper, you should pay attention on the following points:- /i’ 1. Do not inflict an intense heat on a roll paper. 2. Avoid the direct sun for a long time. 3. Do not put any material, chemicals, etc., on the roll paper otherwise the color of the paper might change due to reaction. Use the paper designated by our company. 1 2 7 ( W ) x 65(Dia.) m m r o l l p a p e r No. TP-50CA127 (Jujo Seishi) F i r s t , open the printer cover of the Formula-l, and move l e f t s i d e l e v e r t o w a r d s ‘0’ a s d i r e c t e d o n t h e s y s t e m u n i t . Now, r o l l p a p e r i s f r e e a n d t h e r e f o r e p u l l o u t o l d r o l l p a p e r . Next, s e t a n e w p a p e r , a n d p u s h s l o w l y t h e f r o n t e d g e o f t h e roll paper in the lower part of the pinch roller. By pushing side edges of the roll paper in, front edge of the paper will come out from paper outlet, which is right behind the paper cutter. Now, adjust the paper properly and push the lever towards ‘C’ as directed on the system unit in order to lock. So, the roll paper is fixed, setting is over. Then, p u s h < F E E D > k e y a n d c o n f i r m w h e t h e r t h e r o l l p a p e r b e i n g fed properly. -132- Pinch Roller \ F i g . 3 0 : Upper View of -1339 Paper Stand Paper Stan& Fiq. *- . 31 : Roll Paper Handlinq -.- .- +m-L_I-&c_cA-----UIltcy--bl,e A.,- ____. a - --__- _-.-- _ - -- c- _-- - - _._- .- - -A - - - - - -