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Chapter 9: Linux Commands In This Chapter ✓ Discovering the basics of command shells ✓ Identifying file and directory commands ✓ Discovering commands that help with packages and services ✓ Figuring out commands for managing users and groups ✓ Becoming familiar with networking commands L inux has several nice graphical user interfaces to choose from, and many of the more common Linux networking functions have graphical configuration utilities. Still, many Linux configuration tasks can be done only from a command shell. In many cases, the configuration utility provides access only to the most basic configuration parameters. So if you want to configure advanced features, you have to use commands. In fact, some network features don’t have a graphical configuration utility, so you have no choice but to use commands. Even when GNOME-based alternatives are available, you’ll often resort to using commands because, frankly, that’s what Linux was built to do. Unlike Windows, Linux relies on commands as its primary means of getting things done. So if you’re going to work with Linux, knowing the basic commands presented in this chapter is a must. Command Shell Basics A shell is a program that accepts commands from a command prompt and executes them. The shell displays a prompt to let you know it’s waiting for a command. When you type the command and press the Enter key, the system reads your command, interprets it, executes it, displays the results, and then displays the prompt again so that you can enter another command.
