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User manual VEGA 76 © Copyright HT ITALIA 2009 Release EN 1.06 - 16/02/2009 VEGA 76 Contents: 1. PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASUREMENTS ...................................................3 1.1. General ............................................................................................................................3 1.2. Preliminary instructions ....................................................................................................3 1.3. During use........................................................................................................................4 1.4. After use ...........................................................................................................................4 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION .........................................................................................5 2.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................5 2.2. Features ...........................................................................................................................5 2.3. Initial screen .....................................................................................................................5 3. PREPARING THE INSTRUMENT ..............................................................................6 3.1. Initial check ......................................................................................................................6 3.2. Instrument power supply ..................................................................................................6 3.3. Calibration ........................................................................................................................6 3.4. Storage.............................................................................................................................6 4. HOW TO OPERATE ...................................................................................................7 4.1. Instrument description......................................................................................................7 4.2. Keyboard description .......................................................................................................7 4.3. Display description ...........................................................................................................8 4.4. Backlight feature ..............................................................................................................8 5. MENU GENERAL .......................................................................................................9 5.1. Initial settings ...................................................................................................................9 5.1.1. How to adjust the contrast............................................................................................ 9 5.1.2. How to set date and time ............................................................................................. 9 5.1.3. How to set the language .............................................................................................. 9 5.2. Basic Setting: ANALYZER CONFIG ..............................................................................10 5.2.1. How to set the type of electrical system under test.................................................... 10 5.2.2. How to set the fundamental frequency....................................................................... 10 5.2.3. How to set the current range...................................................................................... 10 5.2.4. How to set the Clamp Type........................................................................................ 11 5.2.5. How to set the value of the transformer voltage ratio (TV RATIO)............................. 11 5.2.6. How to enable/disable the password ......................................................................... 11 5.3. Basic Setting: RECORDER CONFIG ............................................................................12 5.4. ANALYZER MEMORY ...................................................................................................19 5.5. RESET ...........................................................................................................................20 6. SWITCH FUNCTIONS ..............................................................................................21 6.1. "VOLTAGE" position ......................................................................................................22 6.1.1. Symbols ..................................................................................................................... 22 6.1.2. "METER" mode .......................................................................................................... 23 6.1.3. "HARM" mode ............................................................................................................ 24 6.1.4. "WAVE" mode ............................................................................................................ 25 6.2. "CURRENT" position......................................................................................................26 6.2.1. Symbols ..................................................................................................................... 26 6.2.2. “METER" mode .......................................................................................................... 27 6.2.3. “HARM" mode ............................................................................................................ 28 6.2.4. "WAVE" mode ............................................................................................................ 29 6.3. "POWER" position..........................................................................................................30 6.3.1. Symbols ..................................................................................................................... 30 6.3.2. "METER" mode .......................................................................................................... 31 6.3.2.1. PEAK ENERGY DEMAND .......................................................................32 6.3.3. "WAVE" mode ............................................................................................................ 33 6.4. "ENERGY" position ........................................................................................................34 6.4.1. Symbols ..................................................................................................................... 34 6.4.2. "METER" mode .......................................................................................................... 35 EN - 1 VEGA 76 7. START A RECORDING ............................................................................................36 8. DURING A RECORDING..........................................................................................38 9. STOP A RECORDING OR AN ENERGY MEASUREMENT.....................................39 10. CONNECT THE INSTRUMENT TO A PC.................................................................40 11. MEASURING PROCEDURES ..................................................................................41 11.1. Using the Instrument in a Single Phase System ....................................................41 11.2. Using the Instrument in a Three Phase 4 Wire System .........................................42 11.3. Using the Instrument in a Three Phase 3 Wire System .........................................43 12. MAINTENANCE........................................................................................................44 12.1. Genaral ...................................................................................................................44 12.2. Battery replacement ...............................................................................................44 12.3. Cleaning..................................................................................................................44 12.4. End of life................................................................................................................44 13. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS...............................................................................45 13.1. Technical characteristics ........................................................................................45 13.1.1. Compliance ................................................................................................................ 46 13.1.2. Temperature drift........................................................................................................ 46 13.1.3. Safety ......................................................................................................................... 47 13.1.4. General Characteristics.............................................................................................. 47 13.2. Environment............................................................................................................47 13.2.1. Operating conditions .................................................................................................. 47 13.3. Accessories ............................................................................................................47 13.3.1. Standard accessories................................................................................................. 47 13.3.2. Optional accessories.................................................................................................. 47 14. APPENDIX 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED ...............................................................48 15. APPENDIX 2 – RECORDABLE PARAMETERS: SYMBOLS ..................................49 16. APPENDIX 3 – THEORETICAL OUTLINES.............................................................50 16.1. Voltage Anomalies (Voltage Sag and Surge).........................................................50 16.2. Voltage and current Harmonics ..............................................................................50 16.2.1. Theory ........................................................................................................................ 50 16.2.2. Limit values for harmonics ......................................................................................... 51 16.2.3. Presence of harmonics: causes ................................................................................. 52 16.2.4. Presence of harmonics: consequences ..................................................................... 52 16.3. Power and power factor: definitions .......................................................................53 16.3.1. Conventions on powers and power factors ................................................................ 54 16.3.2. 3 Phase 3 Wire System.............................................................................................. 55 16.4. Measuring method: outlines ...................................................................................56 16.4.1. Integration periods ..................................................................................................... 56 16.4.2. Power factor calculations ........................................................................................... 56 17. AFTER-SALE SERVICE ...........................................................................................57 17.1. Warranty .................................................................................................................57 17.2. Service....................................................................................................................57 EN - 2 VEGA 76 1. PRECAUTIONS AND SAFETY MEASUREMENTS 1.1. GENERAL This instrument has been designed in compliance with IEC/EN61010-1 directive. For your own safety and to avoid damaging the instrument we suggest you follow the procedures hereby prescribed and to read carefully all the notes preceded by the symbol . Before and during measurements please be very diligent in following instructions below: • Do not measure voltage or current in wet or dusty places; • Do not measure in presence of gas, explosive materials or combustibles; • Do not touch the circuit under test if no measurement is being taken; • Do not touch exposed metal parts, unused terminals, circuits and so on; • Do not use the instrument if it seems to be malfunctioning (i.e. if you notice deformations, breaks, leakage of substances, absence of messages on the display and so on); • Use only cables and accessories approved by HT Italia. The following symbols are used on meter and in this manual: Caution: keep to what prescribed by the manual. An incorrect use could damage the instrument or its components High voltage: risk of electric shock Instrument with double insulation AC voltage and current 1.2. PRELIMINARY INSTRUCTIONS • This instrument has been designed for use in places with pollution class 2. • It can be used for voltage and current measurements on installations of excess voltage category III 600 VAC phase to phase / 300 VAC phase to earth or CATII 350 V phase to earth up to (and no more than) 2000 meters altitude. • Please keep to the usual safety standards aimed at: ♦ Protecting against dangerous currents; ♦ Protecting the instrument against incorrect operations. • Only the accessories supplied with the instrument guarantee compliance with the safety standards. Accordingly, they must be in good conditions and, if necessary, they must be replaced with identical models. • Do not take measurements on circuits exceeding the specified current and voltage limits. • Before connecting cables, crocodiles and clamps to the circuit under test, make sure that the right function has been selected. EN - 3 VEGA 76 1.3. DURING USE Please read carefully: CAUTION Should you fail to keep to the prescribed instructions you could damage the instrument and/or its components or endanger your safety. • • • • When the instrument is connected to the circuit under test do not touch any unused terminal. When measuring current, other currents located near the leads may affect the measuring accuracy. When measuring current, always position the wire in the very middle of the jaws in order to obtain the highest accuracy. A measured value remains constant if the "HOLD" function is active. Should you notice that the measured value remains unchanged, disable the “HOLD” function. 1.4. AFTER USE • After use, turn off the instrument by pressing ON/OFF for a few seconds. • If you expect not to use the instrument for a long time please keep to the storage instructions described at paragraph 3.4. EN - 4 VEGA 76 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 2.1. INTRODUCTION The VEGA76 represent a new approach to the world of electrical measures. Computer assisted instruments such as this one permit an easy and fast analysis of a huge quantity of data. 2.2. FEATURES These instrument are able to: display in real time the electrical parameters of a single phase and three-phase systems (with and without neutral wire) and the harmonic analysis of voltages and currents. conduct a direct Energy measurement (without memorizing). memorize (pressing SAVE key) the sampled values of the Parameters present at instrument input generating a "Smp" record inside instrument memory. It will be possible to analyze the memorized data ONLY by transferring it to a PC. record simultaneously (pressing the START key after a proper setting): RMS values of voltages, currents, corresponding harmonics, active, reactive and apparent powers, power factors and cosϕ, active, reactive and apparent energies, voltage anomalies (voltage sag and surge) with 10ms resolution. It will be possible to analyze the recorded data ONLY by transferring them to a PC. CAUTION Please note the difference between memorize and record. These terms will be used repeatedly in this manual. Please focus on their definitions and distinctions. 2.3. INITIAL SCREEN When turning on the instrument by pressing ON/OFF, this screen will appear for a few seconds: Vega 76 HT ITALIA SN: 00000000 VER:x.xx CALIBRATION DATE 00.00.00 BAUD RATE 57600 Here you can see: • • • • serial number of the instrument (SN.:) firmware software release (VER.:) calibration date (CALIBRATION:) transmission speed through serial I/O (Baud Rate) EN - 5 VEGA 76 3. PREPARING THE INSTRUMENT 3.1. INITIAL CHECK This instrument has been checked before shipment from an electrical and mechanical point of view. All possible precautions have been taken in order to deliver it in perfect condition. Notwithstanding, on receipt of the instrument we suggest that you check it summarily to make sure that no damage has occurred in transit. Should you find irregularities please contact the carrier immediately. Furthermore, please make sure that the parcel contains all the accessories and parts listed at paragraph 13.3. In case of discrepancies please contact your dealer. Should it be necessary to return the instrument to the supplier please keep to the instructions given at paragraph 17. 3.2. INSTRUMENT POWER SUPPLY The instrument can be powered by: 6 batteries 1.5V AA - LR6 series located in the compartment on the back of the instrument an external power supply coded A0050 supplied with the instrument. CAUTION For recordings use ALWAYS the external power supply (even the instrument allows the operator to perform a recording using internal batteries) The instrument uses sophisticated algorithms to prolong the battery life. Particularly: The instrument switches OFF the backlight Automatically after 5 seconds. If the instrument is displaying in real time (and the external power supply is not connected), after about 5 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation the instrument turns off automatically ("AUTOPOWER OFF" procedure). If the instrument is recording or is measuring energy (and the external power supply is not connected), after about 5 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation the instrument starts a special procedure to save the batteries ("ECONOMY MODE"): the instrument keeps recording but the display is turned off. 3.3. CALIBRATION The instrument complies with the standards mentioned in this manual. Its performance is guaranteed for one year from the purchase date. 3.4. STORAGE To guarantee accurate measurements, after a long storage period in severe environmental conditions wait until the instrument resumes its normal conditions (see environmental conditions listed at paragraph 13.2). EN - 6 VEGA 76 4. HOW TO OPERATE 4.1. INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION LEGEND: 1. Inputs for voltage and currents 2. RS232 serial output 3. Plug for external power supply 4. Display 5. Rotary switch 6. Keyboard 4.2. KEYBOARD DESCRIPTION The following keys are available. ON/OFF: turning on – turning off / Backlight ON (automatic Off after 5 sec.) F1, F2, F3, F4: multifunction keys. The various functions are deducible from the symbols shown on the bottom of the display. MENU: ESC: by pressing MENU it’s possible to check and modify the recording parameters. to leave a menu or a sub-menu. ENTER/HOLD: double function key: ENTER: to confirm the settings made HOLD: to block the value updating in real time in all the screens. This function is disabled when recording or measuring energy. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a Record of “Smp” type (see paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording. START/STOP: to start/stop manually a recording (see chapters 7 and 9). EN - 7 VEGA 76 4.3. DISPLAY DESCRIPTION The display is a graphic module with a resolution of128 x 128 pixels (16384 pixels overall). Each pixel has a dimension of 0.5mm x 0.5mm, the visible area is a square of 73mm x 73mm. The first line of the display shows date and time. If not correct, you can set the exact ones according to the procedure described at paragraph 5.1.2. On the top right corner of the display you can always see the battery indicator and, if the external power supply is connected, the corresponding symbol. 27.09.00 17:35:12 27.09.00 VOLTAGE V1 V2 V3 V12 V23 V31 freq Phseq HARM = = = = = = = = 17:35:12 VOLTAGE 230.2 V 230.5 V 230.6 V 384.2 V 385.4 V 383.7 V 50.0 Hz 123 V1 V2 V3 V12 V23 V31 freq Phseq WAVE HARM = = = = = = = = 230.2 V 230.5 V 230.6 V 384.2 V 385.4 V 383.7 V 50.0 Hz 123 WAVE These symbols will be omitted in the following illustrations. 4.4. BACKLIGHT FEATURE When instrument is turned on, pressing briefly the ON button, the backlight will be enabled. The light will be automatically turned off after 5 seconds. If the batteries are too low the instrument will disable automatically the backlight function. Using repeatedly the backlight function, the Battery life will be compromised. EN - 8 VEGA 76 5. MENU GENERAL By pressing the MENU key the following screen will be displayed: MENU GENERAL ANALYZER MEMORY RESET ANALYZER CONFIG RECORDER CONFIG CONTRAST DATE&TIME LANGUAGE ↓ ↑ It’s not possible to enter the MENU during a recording or a Real Time Energy measurement. 5.1. INITIAL SETTINGS 5.1.1. How to adjust the contrast By pressing the keys F1 and F2, position the cursor on the CONTRAST item and confirm it by pressing the ENTER key. By pressing the keys F3 and F4, adjust the contrast (higher values correspond to a higher contrast while lower values correspond to a lower contrast) and press the ENTER key to SAVE the change or press ESC to quit the modification. This setting will remain unchanged after turning off the instrument. 5.1.2. How to set date and time By pressing the keys F1 and F2, position the cursor on the DATE&TIME item and confirm it by pressing the ENTER key. By pressing the keys F1 and F2 position the cursor on the Date format (FORMAT) and pressing the F3 or F4 keys select one of the following Date format: DD.MM.YY (2 digit for day, 2 digit for Month, 2 digit for Year) or MM.DD.YY (2 digit for Month, 2 digit for Day, 2 digit for Year) Then using F1 and F2 keys position the cursor on the value to be modified and change the value using F3 and F4 keys. The time is expressed as hh:mm (2 digit for hours, 2 digit for minutes) military time. Press the ENTER key to SAVE the change or press ESC to quit the modification. This setting will remain unchanged also after turning off the instrument. 5.1.3. How to set the language By pressing the multifunction keys F1 and F2, position the cursor on the LANGUAGE (EN) or LINGUA (IT) item and confirm it by pressing the ENTER key. By pressing the multifunction keys F1 and F2, position the cursor on the desired language and press the ENTER key to SAVE the change or press ESC to quit the modification. This setting will remain unchanged after turning off the instrument. EN - 9 VEGA 76 5.2. BASIC SETTING: ANALYZER CONFIG Selecting the ANALYZER CONFIG item and pressing the ENTER Key, the following page will be displayed: ANALYZER CONFIG SYSTEM :3PH4W FREQUENCY:50HZ CURRENT RANGE:1000A CLAMP TYPE: STD TV RATIO:0001 PASSWORD:ON ↓ ↑ + - This page of setting can be confirmed by pressing the ENTER key or cancelled by pressing the ESC key. 5.2.1. How to set the type of electrical system under test This parameter permits you to select the type of electrical system under test among the following configurations: SINGLE: single phase system 3PH3W: 3 wires system (three-phase system without neutral) (see paragraph 16.3.2) 3PH4W: 4 wires system (three-phase system with neutral) The connections to the instrument inputs will have to be in keeping with the type of system selected. Position the cursor on the corresponding word by pressing the keys F1 and F2 and set the desired value by pressing the keys F3 and F4. 5.2.2. How to set the fundamental frequency Position the cursor on the corresponding word by pressing the keys F1 and F2 and select the network frequency between the possible values 50Hz and 60Hz by pressing the keys F3 and F4. This parameter is important ONLY if the input voltage is not sufficient to recognize the value of the frequency (for example, only the clamps for the current measurement are connected). In this case the instrument generates an internal synchronism equal to the value of the set frequency. 5.2.3. How to set the current range The value of this parameter must be always equal to the full scale of the current clamps used to take the measurement. In case multi-scale clamps are used, the value of this parameter must be equal to the scale selected on the clamps. Set the desired value by pressing the keys F3 and F4. EN - 10 VEGA 76 5.2.4. How to set the Clamp Type The value of this parameter must be always equal to the clamp type you are using. Two types of clamps are available: STD: for Standard clamps or Current Transformer FlexINT: for Flexible clamps without any electronic control box FlexEXT: for Flexible clamps with their own electronic control box Flex33d: for Flexible clamps without any electronic control box marked with “HTFLEX33d” code (see herewith picture) Set the desired value by pressing the keys F3 and F4. CAUTION If FlexINT or Flex33d is selected, the current range could be set only to 1000A or 3000A 5.2.5. How to set the value of the transformer voltage ratio (TV RATIO) The instrument can also be interfaced with step-down transformers in the equipment under test: it can display the value of he voltages present on the primary winding of these transformers. To do this it will be necessary to set the value of the transformers’ windings ratio from 2:1 to 3000:1. The default is set at 1:1 for measurements of none transformer systems. Select “TV RATIO” in the ANALYZER CONFIG menu. Set the desired value by pressing the keys F3 and F4. 5.2.6. How to enable/disable the password The instrument is provided with a protective routine to avoid the risk of being disturbed or interrupted during a recording or an energy measurement. Once a recording or a direct energy measurement has been started (with the option “PASSWORD” enabled), after about 3 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation it won’t be possible to press START/STOP to stop the recording, “PASSWORD” will be displayed and it will be necessary to insert the password. In order to insert the password (which is not changeable), press the multifunction keys in the following sequence (within 10 seconds): F1, F4, F3, F2 If you wait more than about 10 seconds the display will return to the meter mode and the instrument will continue recording. If you insert a wrong password the message “Password error” will be displayed under “PASSWORD”. After a few seconds the display will return to meter mode and the instrument will continue recording. In order to enable/disable this option the correct password will have to be entered. The display will return to meter mode and START/STOP will have to be pressed again to stop the recording. You will then need to re-enter the “ANALYZER CONFIG” menu and scroll up or down to the item “PASSWORD: ON” using the keys F1 and F2. Then turn the password off by pressing the keys F3 and F4. EN - 11 VEGA 76 5.3. BASIC SETTING: RECORDER CONFIG This option allows you to check and eventually modify the recording parameters and the selected parameters (up to a maximum of 64). The calculation of the selected values is not affected by the rotary switch position. If the number of selected values exceeds 64 the message "too many param" will be displayed. The MENU mode is divided into 4 separate sub-pages: 1st page: This page allows you to set the START/ STOP mode (AUTO or MANUAL), the START and STOP time if AUTO mode is selected, the Integration Period value, the Enabling/Disabling of Voltage Anomalies detection, the Enabling/Disabling of Harmonics detection. Press ENTER to confirm the settings and pass to the following page. Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing parameters. 2nd page: This page is devoted to the settings relevant to the VOLTAGE recording. Press ENTER to confirm the settings and pass to the following page. Press ESC to leave this page without modifying the existing parameters. From this page you can enter the sub-page “Harmonics” which permits to select the voltage harmonics to be recorded. Press ENTER to confirm the settings and leave the “Menu Harmonics". Press ESC to leave the "Menu Harmonics" without modifying the existing parameters. 3rd page: This page is devoted to the settings relevant to the CURRENT recording. Press ENTER to confirm the settings and pass to the following page. Press ESC to leave this page without modifying the existing parameters. From this page you can enter the sub-page “Harmonics” which permits to select the current harmonics to be recorded. Press ENTER to confirm the settings and leave the “Menu Harmonics". Press ESC to leave the "Menu Harmonics" without modifying the existing parameters. 4th page: Menu composed of two sub-pages devoted to the selection of the POWERS and ENERGIES to be recorded. From this page you can enter the sub-page “POWER” and “ENERGY” which permits to select the parameters to be recorded. Selecting the active powers for the recording, the corresponding active energies will be automatically selected. Selecting the reactive powers for the recording, the corresponding reactive energies will be selected. Press ENTER to leave this page confirming the modifications made. Press ESC to leave the "Menu" without modifying the existing parameters. The various pages of the "RECORDER CONFIG" can be schematics as follows: EN - 12 VEGA 76 MENU To Select MANUAL or AUTOMATIC start/stop mode, place the cursor on MANU or AUTO using the key F1 or F2 and select the desired mode using F3 or F4. RECORDER CONFIG START MANU Use the keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the desired word and use the keys F3 / F4 to select / deselect the desired parameter (it’s selected if marked in black). Press ENTER to confirm and leave the Menu keeping the settings made. Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing parameters. STOP MANU INT. PERIOD: 15min HARM REC: ON ANOM REC: ON ↓ ↑ + - st 1 Page of the RECORDER CONFIG MENU Use the keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the desired word and use the keys F3 / F4 to modify the value. Press ENTER to confirm and proceed inside the Menu the Menu keeping the settings made. Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing parameters. ENTER RECORDER CONFIG RECORDER CONFIG RECORDER CONFIG VOLTAGE: V1 VOLTAGE REC: V12 V32 V31 VOLTAGE REC: V1 V2 V3 V12 V32 V31 HARM. REC:Pg (ON) HARM. REC:Pg (ON) HARM. REC:Pg (ON) Vref P-N: 230V LIM+: 06% (243.8V) LIM-: 10% (207.0V) Vref P-P: 400V LIM+: 06% (424.0V) LIM-: 10% (360.0V) Vref P-N: 230V LIM+: 06% (243.8V) LIM-: 10% (207.0V) ↓ ↑ + ↓ - Example of 2nd page in singlephase mode with ANOM flag enabled ↑ + - Example of 2nd page in “3 wires” three-phase mode with ANOM flag enabled If you want to change Voltage Harm. Selection place the cursor on the corresponding “Pg” symbol then Press F3 RECORDER CONFIG VOLTAGE HARMONICS ENTER 05 12 19 26 33 40 47 Thd 06 13 20 27 34 41 48 ↓ DC 07 14 21 28 35 42 49 01 08 15 22 29 36 43 ↑ 02 09 16 23 30 37 44 + 03 10 17 24 31 38 45 04 11 18 25 32 39 46 - Example of sub-page "VOLTAGE HARMONICS" EN - 13 ↓ ↑ + - Example of 2nd page in “4 wires” three-phase mode with ANOM flag enabled Use the keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the desired voltage harmonic and use the keys F3 / F4 to select / deselect (it’s selected if highlighted in black). Press ENTER to confirm. Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing settings. The instrument will record the values of the selected harmonics corresponding to the voltages selected in one of the two pages of the Menu previously illustrated. VEGA 76 Use the keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the desired word and use the keys F3 / F4 to modify the value or select / deselect the desired parameter (it’s selected if marked in black). Press ENTER to confirm. Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing settings. From 2nd page of RECORDER CONFIG MENU ENTER RECORDER CONFIG RECORDER CONFIG RECORDER CONFIG CURRENT REC: I1 CURRENT REC: I1 I2 I3 CURRENT REC: I1 I2 I3 IN HARM. REC:Pg (ON) HARM. REC: Pg (ON) HARM. REC:Pg (ON) ↓ ↑ + ↓ - Example of 3rd page in singlephase mode ↑ + - Example of 3rd page in “3 wires” three-phase mode If you want to change Current Harm. Selection place Cursor on the corresponding “Pg” symbol then Press F3 RECORDER CONFIG CURRENT HARMONICS ENTER 05 12 19 26 33 40 47 Thd 06 13 20 27 34 41 48 ↓ DC 07 14 21 28 35 42 49 01 08 15 22 29 36 43 ↑ 02 09 16 23 30 37 44 + 03 10 17 24 31 38 45 04 11 18 25 32 39 46 - Example of sub-page "CURRENT HARMONICS" EN - 14 ↓ ↑ + - Example of 3rd page in “4 wires” three-phase mode Use the keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the desired current harmonic and use the keys F3 / F4 to select / deselect (it’s selected if marked in black). Press ENTER to confirm. Press ESC to leave the Menu without modifying the existing settings. The instrument will record the values of the selected harmonics corresponding to the currents selected in one of the two pages of the Menu previously illustrated. VEGA 76 From 3rd page of RECORDER CONFIG MENU ENTER RECORDER CONFIG CO-GENERATION:ON POWER:Pg ENERGY:Pg ↓ ↑ + - Example of 4th page In order to select the POWER to be recorded use the keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the corresponding “Pg” Symbol and then press F3 ENTER RECORDER CONFIG RECORDER CONFIG P1 Pf1 Q1i dPf1 Q1c S1 Pt Qti Qtc St Pft P12 Q12i Q12c S12 dPft ↓ ↑ + - ↓ ↑ Example of POWER sub-page in single-phase mode RECORDER CONFIG P32 Q32i Q32c S32 + Pt Qti Qtc St Pfi dPfi - Example of POWER sub-page in “3 wires” three-phase mode ↓ P1 Q1i Q1c S1 Pf1 dPf1 P2 Q2i Q2c S2 Pf2 dPf2 ↑ + P3 Q3i Q3c S3 Pf3 dPf3 - Example of POWER sub-page in “4 wires” three-phase mode CAUTION Selecting the active powers for the recording, the corresponding active energies will be automatically selected. Selecting the reactive powers for the recording, the corresponding reactive energies will be selected. EN - 15 VEGA 76 From 3rd page of RECORDER CONFIG MENU ENTER RECORDER CONFIG CO-GENERATION:ON POWER:Pg ENERGY:Pg ↓ ↑ + - Example of 4th page In order to select the ENERGIES to be recorded use the multifunction keys F1, F2 to position the cursor on the corresponding “Pg” Symbol and then press F3 ENTER RECORDER CONFIG Ea1 ↓ RECORDER CONFIG Eri1 Erc1 Es1 ↑ + - Example of ENERGY sub-page in single-phase mode Eat ↓ RECORDER CONFIG Erit Erct Est ↑ + - Example of ENERGY sub-page in “3 wires” three-phase mode Eat Erit Erct Est ↓ Ea1 Eri1 Erc1 Es1 Ea2 Eri2 Erc2 Es2 Ea3 Eri3 Earc3 Es3 ↑ + - Example of ENERGY sub-page in “4 wires” three-phase mode CAUTION Selecting/deselecting the active energies for the recording, the corresponding active powers will be automatically selected/deselected. Selecting/deselecting the reactive energies for the recording, the corresponding reactive powers will be selected/deselected Selecting/deselecting the reactive energies for the recording, the corresponding reactive powers will be selected/deselected. EN - 16 VEGA 76 Symbols START:MAN STOP:MAN START:AUTO STOP:AUTO INT. PERIOD HARM REC. ANOM REC. Description Advised settings The recording of all the selected parameters will start at 00 seconds after pressing START/STOP (see chapter 7). The recording of all the selected parameters will be interrupted manually by pressing START/STOP (see chapter 9). The recording of all the selected values will be started / interrupted at the set dates and times. In order to start the recording the user will have to press START/STOP to set the instrument in Stand-by mode until the start date and time previously set (see chapter 7)). The value of this parameter determines every how many seconds 15min the values of all the selected parameters will be memorized (see chapter 16.4.1). Available choices: 5sec,10sec,30sec,1min,2min 5min,10min, 5min, 30min, 60min. ON = the instrument will record the values of the selected voltage and current harmonics corresponding to the voltages and currents selected in the corresponding pages “Voltage” and “Current”. Example: If the following Parameters are selected: a) Phase Voltage 1 and 2, THd, Harmonics 1,3,5. b) Phase Current 2 and 3, THd, Harmonics 3,5,7. The instrument will record: a) The Phase Voltage 1 and 2, THD and Harmonics 1,3,5 of the Phase Voltage 1 and 2 while it will not record anything about Phase Voltage 3 b) The Phase Current 2 and 3, THD and Harmonics 3,5,7 of the Phase Current 2 and 3 while it will not record nothing about Phase Current 1 OFF = the instrument will not record any voltage or current harmonic selected ON = the Instrument will record Voltage Anomalies (voltage Sag and Surge) (see paragraph 16.1) OFF = the instrument will not record any voltage Sag and Surge ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ V1, V2, V3 V12, V23 or V32, V31 RMS value of the voltage of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively, values of the phase-to-phase voltages 1-2, 2-3 or 3- Single phase: V1 3 wires V12 V32 V31 2 and 3-1. 4 wires V1, V2, V3 THD, DC, 01...49 Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion, DC Component, 01..49 Harmonics respectively ☺ THD,01,03,05,07 RMS reference value for Voltage used in Voltage Anomalies Vref detection (Voltage Sag and Surge). The Reference is: (only if ANOM. REC flag a) Voltage Phase to Neutral for Single Phase and 4 wires three Single phase: 230V 3 wires: 400V phase system has been set ON) 4 wires 230V b) Voltage Phase to Phase for 3 wires three phase system High and Low Voltage Percent threshold used in Voltage Anomalies detection (Voltage Sag and Surge). Example: Three Phase System 4 wires. LIM+, LIMVref = 120, LIM+= 6%, LIM-=10% => Single phase: 120V (only if ANOM. REC flag High Lim = 127.2V, Low Lim = 108.0V 3 wires: 480V has been set ON) The Instrument will detect a voltage Anomalies if the RMS 4 wires 277V Voltage Values (calculated every 10ms) beyond the above calculated thresholds (see paragraph 16.1). ☺ ☺ ☺ I1, I2, I3, IN THD, DC, 01..49 RMS value of the current of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 and of the Single phase: I1 neutral respectively. 3 wires: I1, I2, I3 4 wires I1, I2, I3, IN Current Total Harmonic Distortion, DC Component, 01..49 Harmonics respectively EN - 17 ☺ THD,01,03,05,07 VEGA 76 CO-GENERATION Pt, P1, P2, P3, P12, P32 ON = the instrument is able to face situations of CO-GENERATION of electrical equipment (that is, the equipment under test is able to generate energy besides absorbing it). Accordingly, the instrument will record the powers and energies both absorbed and generated (see paragraph 16.3.1). If this flag is enabled the maximum number of parameters which can be selected decrease to 38. OFF = the instrument will record ONLY the powers and energies absorbed. Values of the active power (total, of phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3) (only for 3 wires measurement) value of the power measured by the Wattmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively ☺ ☺ Single phase: P1 3 wires: Pt 4 wires Pt, P1, P2, P3 Values of the inductive reactive power (total, of phase 1, phase 2, Qti, Q1i, Q2i, Q3i, phase 3) (only for 3 wires measurement) value of the reactive inductive Q12i, Q32i Single phase: Q1i Q1c power measured by the VAR meters 1-2 and 3-2 respectively 3 wires: Qti Qtc Values of the capacitive reactive power (total, of phase 1, phase 4 wires Qti Q1i Q2i, Q3i Qtc, Q1c, Q2c, Q3c, 2, phase 3) Qtc Q1c Q2c, Q3c Q12c, Q32c (only for 3 wires measurement) value of the reactive capacitive power measured by the VA meters 1-2 and 3-2 respectively ☺ Values of the apparent power (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase St, S1, S2, S3, S12, 3) S32 (only for 3 wires measurement) value of the power measured by the VA meters 1-2 and 3-2 respectively Pft, Pf1, Pf2, Pf3 dpft, dpf1, dpf2, dpf3 Values of the power factors (total, of phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3 respectively) ☺ Single phase: S1 3 wires: St 4 wires St, S1, S2, S3 ☺ Single phase: Pf1 dPf1 3 wires: Pft dPft Values of the cosϕ (total, of phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3 4 wires Pft Pf1 Pf2 Pf3 respectively) dPft dPf1 dPf2 dPf3 ☺ Eat, Ea1, Ea2, Ea3 Values of the active energy (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3) Erit, Eri1, Eri2, Eri3 Values of the inductive reactive energy (total, of phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3) Single phase: Ea1 3 wires: Eat 4 wires Eat Ea1 Ea2 Ea3 ☺ Single phase: Eri1 Erc1 3 wires: Erit Erct Values of the capacitive reactive energy (total, of phase 1, phase 4 wires Erit Eri1 Eri2 Erct, Erc1, Erc2, Erc3 Eri3 2, phase 3) Erct Erc1 Erc2 Erc3 ☺ Est, Es1, Es2, Es3 Values of the Apparent Energy (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3) Single phase: Es1 3 wires: Est 4 wires Est Es1 Es2 Es3 The value of the network frequency is automatically selected if at least one phase voltage (for the single-phase mode or the 4 wires three phase mode) or at least one phase-to-phase voltage (for the 3 wires three phase mode) is selected. The symbols "i" and "c" stand for reactive powers (Q), power factors (Pf) and cosϕ (dpf) inductive and capacitive respectively. Selecting a power factor (Pf) or a cosϕ (dPf) for the recording automatically their inductive value and their capacitive value will be recorded separately. For eventual messages displayed see appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. EN - 18 VEGA 76 5.4. ANALYZER MEMORY This option permits you to display: The present content of the instrument memory The size of the memorized data The residual space available for future recordings (expressed in days and hours) All the stored data can be displayed only if downloaded to a PC with the operating software. After selecting “ANALYZER MEMORY” from the Main Menu the screen below will be displayed ANALYZER MEMORY 01 02 03 04 05 06 Smp Rec R&a Rec R&a Rec 02.01 01:23 02.01-02.01 02.01-02.01 02.01-02.01 02.01-02.01 04.01-05.01 DATA SIZE:0.11Mb REC TIME: 0d.06h LAST ALL ↑ ↓ Example of ANALYZER MEMORY screen Rec: R&a: Smp: DATA SIZE: REC TIME: recordings effected with respective Start and Stop dates expressed in the format “day.month” (start) – “day.month” (stop) without Voltage Sag and Surge detection. recordings effected with respective Start and Stop dates expressed in the format “day.month” (start) – “day.month” (stop) with Voltage Anomalies (Sag and Surge) detection (only for Skylab). values of the samples of voltage and current stored by pressing SAVE. dimensions of the data saved in the instrument memory. amount of memory available, calculated on the basis of the parameters selected for recording, therefore the most complete one (expressed in the format “days.hours”) to make recordings. The maximum quantity of Rec + R&a + Smp which can be contained by the instrument is 35. Following keys are enabled: F1, F2: F3: F4: (only if the quantity of Rec+R&a+Smp is higher than 7) to run over all the recordings stored in the instrument memory. to cancel the last recording effected. to cancel all the recordings effected. EN - 19 VEGA 76 5.5. RESET This option re-establishes the default settings of the instrument. The default settings of the instrument consist of: The “not modified” items are not interested by RESET command ANALYZER CONFIG: Frequency: Full scale of the clamps: Transforming ratio of voltmetric transformers: Clamp Type: Type of electrical equipment: Password: 50Hz 1000A 1 Flex33d 4 wires enabled RECORDER CONFIG: Start: Manual (the recording is started at 00 sec mark on clock after pressing the START/STOP key) Stop: Manual Integration period: 15min Recording of harmonics: ON Recording of Voltage anomalies (Sag and Surge): ON Voltage Reference for Sag and Surge detection: 230V Upper Limit for Sag and Surge detection: 6% Lower Limit for Sag and Surge detection: 10% Selected voltages: V1, V2, V3 Selected voltage harmonics: THD, 01, 03, 05, 07 Selected currents: I1, I2, I3, IN Selected current harmonics: THD, 01, 03, 05, 07 CO-GENERATION: OFF Powers, Pf and cosϕ selected: Pt, P1, P2, P3 Qti, Q1i, Q2i, Q3i Qtc, Q1c, Q2c, Q3c St, S1, S2, S3 Pft, Pf1, Pf2, Pf3 dpft, dpf1, dpf2, dpf3 Energies: Eat, Ea1, Ea2, Ea3 Erit, Eri1, Eri2, Eri3 Erct, Erc1, Erc2, Erc3 Est, Es1, Es2, Es3 The RESET command will not erase the instrument’s memory. EN - 20 VEGA 76 6. SWITCH FUNCTIONS For a simple usage, the main functions of the instrument can be selected by rotating the switch: Position "VOLTAGE": to be used to display voltage and corresponding harmonics (see paragraph 6.1) Position "CURRENT": to be used to display current and corresponding harmonics (see paragraph 6.2) Position "POWER": it permits to display all the parameters measurable by the instrument: voltage, current, active, reactive and apparent power, power factor, cosϕ and energy (see paragraph 6.3) Position "ENERGY": to be used to display active, reactive and apparent power, power factor, cosϕ and energy (see paragraph 6.4) More practically, we may schematize the right procedure of use as follows: 1. Check and eventually modify the basic settings of the instrument 2. By rotating the switch, select the type of measurement to be taken 3. Connect the instrument to the electrical system to be tested 4. Evaluate the values of the parameters under test 5. If you want to record: a) Decide what to record b) Press MENU and check if the existing parameters meet your requirements 6. Connect the External Power Supply 7. Start the recording by pressing START/STOP. EN - 21 VEGA 76 6.1. "VOLTAGE" POSITION This function permits you to display in real time the RMS value of AC/DC voltage, the peak and Thd value of the 3 phase voltages (see paragraph 16.2), the waveform and the harmonic spectrum of the 3 phase voltages. 6.1.1. Symbols The VOLTAGE position has three working modes: METER WAVE HARM These modes will be described in detail in the next paragraphs. The used symbols are described below: Symbol V1, V2, V3 V12, V23 or V32, V31 Vpk1, Vpk2, Vpk3, Vpk12, Vpk32 h01 ÷ h49 ThdV freq Phseq Description RMS value of the voltage of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively RMS Value of the phase to phase voltages Peak value of the voltage of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 and of the phase to phase voltage 12 and 32 respectively Harmonic 01 ÷ Harmonic 49. Factor of total harmonic distortion of the voltage (see paragraph 16.2). Network frequency Phase sequence indicator "123"→ correct "132"→ inverted "023"→ null voltage on the black wire "103"→ null voltage on the red wire "120"→ null voltage on the blue wire "100"→ null voltages on the red and blue wires "020"→ null voltages on the black and blue wires "003"→ null voltages on the black and red wires Tab. 1: Symbols used in the position VOLTAGE EN - 22 VEGA 76 6.1.2. "METER" mode On rotating the switch to this position the instrument selects automatically the METER mode corresponding to one of the below screens according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. 27.09.00 17:35:12 27.09.00 SINGLE PHASE VOLTAGE V1 Vpk1 ThdV freq HARM. = = = = 230.2 V 325.5 V 0.0 % 50.0 Hz WAVE 27.09.00 VOLTAGE V12 V32 V31 freq HARM. Example of screen in singlephase mode 17:35:12 = = = = 384.2 V 385.4 V 383.7 V 50.0 Hz WAVE Example of screen in “3 wires” three-phase mode 17:35:12 VOLTAGE V1 V2 V3 V12 V23 V31 freq Phseq HARM. = = = = = = = = 230.2 V 230.5 V 230.6 V 384.2 V 385.4 V 383.7 V 50.0 Hz 123 WAVE Example of screen in “4 wires” three-phase mode The symbols used are described in Tab. 1. For eventual messages displayed see appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled: F1: to pass to "HARMONIC" mode (see paragraph 6.1.3). F2: to pass to "WAVE" mode (see paragraph 6.1.4). SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording. ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement. MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement. START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings (see chapter 7). EN - 23 VEGA 76 6.1.3. "HARM" mode Selecting the HARM mode one of the below screens will be displayed according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.22. The screens show the harmonics (see paragraph 16.2) of the phase or phase-to-phase voltage. 27.09.00 V1 h03 h03 ThdV 17:35:12 = 230.2 = 10.2 = 4.3 = 11.0 h49 ← V V % % 27.09.00 V12 h03 h03 ThdV → Example of screen in singlephase system ChgP 17:35:12 = 400.2 = 14.2 = 3.5 = 11.0 h49 ← V V % % 27.09.00 V1 = h03 h03 ThdV → Example of screen in “3 wires” three-phase system ChgP 17:35:12 230.2 V = 10.2 V = 4.3 % = 11.0 % h49 ← → Example of screen in “4 wires” three-phase system The symbols used are described in Tab. 1. For eventual messages displayed see appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. The displayed histograms represent the harmonic content of the voltage under test. The value of the first harmonic h01 (fundamental at 50Hz) is not represented in scale along with the other harmonics in order to maximize the display of the latter. In case both voltage and current are connected to the instrument inputs, eventual negative values of the harmonics (therefore represented under the horizontal axis), indicate that such voltage harmonics are “generated” by the load. Following keys are enabled: F3, F4: to move the cursor of the selected harmonic leftwards and rightwards respectively. At the same time the values relevant to the order no. of the selected harmonic and to the corresponding absolute and relative values (calculated on the basis of the fundamental) are updated. F1 (only for three-phase mode): to display the values of the harmonics of the other voltages available. The voltage displayed is indicated above the F3 key. F2: to display the page of the harmonics h01 ÷ h24 (symbol h24) or that of the harmonics h25 ÷ h49 (symbol h49). ESC: to return back to METER mode (see paragraph 6.1.2). SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see paragraph 5.4) and the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording. ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement. MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement. START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings (see chapter 7). EN - 24 VEGA 76 6.1.4. "WAVE" mode Selecting the WAVE mode one of the below screens will be displayed according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. The screens show the waveform of the phase or phase-to-phase voltage. 27.09.00 17:35:12 27.09.00 17:35:12 27.09.00 17:35:12 5:12 V1 = 230.2 Vpk1 = 325.5 freq = 50.0 V V Hz V12 = 400.2 Vpk12= 565.5 freq = 50.0 V V Hz ChgP Example of screen in singlephase system V1 = 230.2 Vpk1 = 325.5 freq = 50.0 V V Hz ChgP Example of screen in “3 wires” three-phase system Example of screen in “4 wires” three-phase system The symbols used are described in Tab. 1. For eventual messages displayed see appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled: F1: (only for three-phase mode): to display the values corresponding to the following phase. ESC: to return back to METER mode (see paragraph 6.1.2). SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording. ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement. MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement. START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings (see chapter 7). EN - 25 VEGA 76 6.2. "CURRENT" POSITION This function permits to display in real time the RMS value of AC/DC currents, the peak and Thdl value (see paragraph 16.2) of the 3 phase currents, the waveform and the harmonic spectrum of the 3 phase currents. 6.2.1. Symbols The CURRENT position has three working modes: METER WAVE HARM These modes will be described in detail in the next paragraphs. The symbols used are described below: Symbol I1, I2, I3 IN Ipk1, Ipk2, Ipk3 h01 ÷ h49 ThdI freq Description RMS value of the current of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively RMS value of the current on the neutral Peak value of the current of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively Harmonic 01 ÷ harmonic 49. Total harmonic distortion factor of the current (see paragraph 16.2). Network frequency Tab. 2: Symbols used in the position CURRENT EN - 26 VEGA 76 6.2.2. “METER" mode On rotating the switch to this position the instrument selects automatically the METER mode corresponding to one of the screens below according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. 27.09.00 17:35:12 27.09.00 SINGLE PHASE CURRENT I1 Ipk1 ThdI freq HARM. = = = = 30.21 A 49.53 A 23.06 % 50.0 Hz WAVE 27.09.00 CURRENT I1 I2 I3 freq HARM. Example of screen in singlephase mode 17:35:12 = = = = 30.21 A 23.53 A 23.06 A 50.0 Hz WAVE Example of screen in “3 wires” three-phase mode 17:35:12 CURRENT I1 I2 I3 IN freq HARM. = = = = = 30.21 A 23.53 A 23.06 A 8.4 A 50.0 Hz WAVE Example of screen in “4 wires” three-phase mode The symbols used are described in Tab. 2. For eventual messages displayed see appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled: F1: to pass to "HARMONIC" mode (see paragraph 6.2.3). F2: to pass to "WAVE" mode (see paragraph 6.2.4). SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording. ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement. MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement. START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings (see chapter 7). EN - 27 VEGA 76 6.2.3. “HARM" mode Selecting the HARM mode one of the screens below will be displayed according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. The screens show the harmonics (see paragraph 16.2) of the phase currents. 27.09.00 I1 h03 h03 ThdI 17:35:12 = 230.2 = 10.2 = 4.3 = 11.0 h49 ← 27.09.00 I1 h03 h03 ThdI A A % % ChgP → Example of screen in singlephase mode 17:35:12 = 230.2 = 10.2 = 4.3 = 11.0 h49 ← A A % % → Example of screen in “3 wires” or “4 wires” three-phase mode The symbols used are described in Tab. 2. For eventual messages displayed see appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. The displayed histograms represent the harmonic content of the current under test. The value of the first harmonic h01 (primary at 50Hz) is not represented in scale along with the other harmonics in order to maximize the display of the latter. In case both voltage and current are connected to the instrument inputs, eventual negative values (therefore represented under the horizontal axis), indicate that such current harmonics are “generated” by the load. Following keys are enabled: F3, F4: to move the cursor of the selected harmonic leftwards and rightwards respectively. At the same time the values relevant to the order no. of the selected harmonic and to the corresponding absolute and relative values (calculated on the basis of the fundamental) are updated. F1 (only for three-phase mode): to display the values of the harmonics of the other voltages available. The voltage displayed is indicated above the F3 key. F2: to display the page of the harmonics h01 ÷ h24 (h24 symbol) or that of the harmonics h25 ÷ h49 (h49 symbol). ESC: to return back to METER mode (see paragraph 6.2.2) SAVE: to store in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see paragraph 5.4) and the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording. ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement. MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement. START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings (see chapter 7). EN - 28 VEGA 76 6.2.4. "WAVE" mode Selecting the WAVE mode one of the below screens will be displayed according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. The screens show the waveform of the phase currents. 27.09.00 17:35:12 I1 = 230.2 Ipk1 = 325.5 freq = 50.0 27.09.00 A A Hz 17:35:12 I2 = 400.2 Ipk2 = 565.5 freq = 50.0 A A Hz ChgP Example of screen in singlephase mode Example of screen in “3 wires” or “4 wires” three-phase mode The symbols used are described in Tab. 2. For eventual messages displayed see appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled: F1: (only for three-phase mode): following phase. to display the values relevant to the ESC: to return back to METER mode (see paragraph 6.2.2). SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording. ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement. MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement. START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings (see chapter 7). EN - 29 VEGA 76 6.3. "POWER" POSITION This function permits you to display in real time the RMS value of AC/DC voltage, the peak and ThdV value of the 3 phase voltages, the waveform of the 3 phase voltages, the RMS value of AC/DC currents, the peak and Thdl of the 3 phase currents, the waveform of the 3 phase currents. Furthermore, the instrument calculates and displays the value of the phase and total active powers, the value of the phase and total reactive and capacitive powers, the value of the phase and total power factors and cosϕ. 6.3.1. Symbols The position POWER has two working modes: METER WAVE For voltage and current harmonics see paragraphs 6.1.3 and 6.2.3 respectively. These modes will be described in detail in the next paragraphs. The symbols used are described below: Symbol V1, V2, V3 V12, V23, V32, V31 freq Phseq I1, I2, I3 IN Pt, P1, P2, P3 P12, P32 Qt, Q1, Q2, Q3 Q12, Q32 St, S1, S2, S3 S12, S32 Pft, pf1, pf2, pf3 dPft, dpf1, dpf2, dpf3 Ead, Pd Esd, Sd Description RMS value of the voltage of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively RMS Value of the phase to phase voltages Network frequency Phase sequence indicator "123"→ correct "132"→ inverted "023"→ null voltage on the black wire "103"→ null voltage on the red wire "120"→ null voltage on the blue wire "100"→ null voltages on the red and blue wires "020"→ null voltages on the black and blue wires "003"→ null voltages on the black and red wires RMS value of the current of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively RMS value of the current of the neutral Values of the active power (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively) (only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the Wattmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2). Values of the reactive power (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively) (only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the VAR meter Va1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2). Values of the apparent power (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively) (only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the VA meter Va12 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2). Values of the power factors (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively) Value of the cosϕ (total, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively) Values of the Total Active Energy and Active Power On demand respectively Values of the Total Apparent Energy and Apparent Power On demand respectively Tab. 3: Symbols used in the position POWER The symbols "i" and "c" stand for reactive powers (Q), power factors (Pf) and cosϕ (dpf) respectively inductive and capacitive. EN - 30 VEGA 76 6.3.2. "METER" mode Upon rotating the switch to this position the instrument selects automatically the METER mode corresponding to one of the below screens according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. 27.09.00 17:35:12 27.09.00 SINGLE PHASE POWER V1 I1 P1 Q1 S1 pf1 dpf1 = = = = = = = 230.0 145.3 32.91 5.767 33.41 0.99 0.99 V A kW kVAR kVA i i WAVE 27.09.00 POWER THREE WIRE Pt Qt St pft dpft ChgP Example of screen in singlephase mode 17:35:12 = = = = = 64.19 10.99 65.12 0.99 1.00 17:35:12 POWER THREE PHASE kW kVAR kVA i i WAVE Example of screen in “3 wires” three-phase mode Pt = Qt = St = pft = dpft = Phseq= ChgP 135.8 24.59 138.0 0.98 1.00 123 kW kVAR kVA i i WAVE Example of screen in “4 wires” three-phase mode The symbols used are described in Tab. 3. For eventual messages displayed see appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled: F2: F1: to pass to "WAVE" mode (see paragraph 6.3.3). (only for three-phase measurement) to display the previous or the following screen. On the basis of the settings made as per paragraph 5.2 following screens are displayed cyclically: Three-phase 3 wires: total three-phase values, Wattmeter phases 1-2 and 2-3 values, Peak Demand Three-phase 4 wires: total three-phase values, phase1, phase2 and phase3 values, Peak Demand SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see paragraph 5.4) and the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording. ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement. MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement. START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings (see chapter 7). EN - 31 VEGA 76 6.3.2.1. PEAK ENERGY DEMAND In three-phase system selecting the POWER Position and pressing F1 key 3 times you can reach the “Peak Demand” mode. This mode shows the values corresponding to the running recording or to last performed recording (if any recording is running). The “Peak Demand” screen shows the Max Average value of Active Power (and the corresponding Energy) or Max Average value of Apparent Power (and the corresponding Energy) measured during the last (or running) recording. The Average value is evaluated in the Integration Period set for the recording. This screen also shows the corresponding Active Energy and the corresponding Peak Date and Time. 27.09.00 17:35:12 27.09.00 PEAK DEMAND THREE PHASE Ead Pd PEAK DEMAND THREE PHASE = 98.36 kWh = 24.59 kW Esd Sd Peak Date 25.09.00 17:00 Int Period: 15min Rec n: 06 ChgP Wh 17:35:12 VAh = 120.84 kVAh = 30.21 kVA Peak Date 25.09.00 18:15 Int Period: 15min Rec n: 06 ChgP Wh VAh Example of “PEAK ENERGY DEMAND” screen F1: to display the previous or the following screen. On the basis of the settings made as per paragraph 5.2 following screens are displayed cyclically: Three-phase 3 wires: total three-phase values, Wattmeter phases 1-2 and 2-3 values, Peak Demand Three-phase 4 wires: total three-phase values, phase1, phase2 and phase3 values, Peak Demand F3: F4: to show Active Power and Active Energy values to show Apparent Power and Apparent Energy values SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see paragraph 5.4) and the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording. ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement. MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement. START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings (see chapter 7). EN - 32 VEGA 76 6.3.3. "WAVE" mode Selecting the WAVE mode one of the below screens will be displayed according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. The screens show the waveform of the phase currents and the phase (or phase-to-phase) voltage. 27.09.00 V1 I1 pf1 17:35:12 = 229.7 = 132.0 = 0.98 V A i 27.09.00 V12 I1 17:35:12 = 379.9 = 132.0 V A ChgP Example of screen in singlephase mode 27.09.00 V1 I1 pf1 17:35:12 = 229.7 = 132.0 = 0.98 V A i ChgP Example of screen in “3 wires” three-phase mode Example of screen in “4 wires” three-phase mode The symbols used are described in Tab. 3. For eventual messages displayed see appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled: F1: (only for three-phase mode): to display the values relevant to the following phase. On the basis of the settings made as per paragraph 5.2 following screens are displayed cyclically: 3 wires three-phase: values of the Wattmeter 1-2, values of the wattmeter 2-3 4 wires three-phase: values of phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3 ESC: to return back to METER mode (see paragraph 6.3.2). SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording. ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement. MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement. START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings (see chapter 7). EN - 33 VEGA 76 6.4. "ENERGY" POSITION This function permits to display the values of the phase and total active powers, the value of the phase and total capacitive and inductive reactive powers, the values of the power factors and phase and total cosϕ. Furthermore, the instrument is able to measure directly (see 6.4.2) the values of the phase and total active energies and the values of the phase and total capacitive and inductive reactive energies. 6.4.1. Symbols The position ENERGY has only one working mode: METER This mode will be described in detail in the next paragraphs. The symbols used are described below: Symbol Pt, P1, P2, P3 P12, P32 Qt, Q1, Q2, Q3 Q12, Q32 St, S1, S2, S3 S12, S32 Eat, Ea1, Ea2, Ea3 Erit, Eri1, Eri2, Eri3 Erct, Erc1, Erc2, Erc3 Est, Es1, Es2, Es3 Description Values of the total active power, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively (only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the Wattmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2) Values of the total reactive power, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively (only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the VARmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2) Values of the total apparent power, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively (only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the VAmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2) Values of the total active energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively Values of the total inductive reactive Energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively Values of the total capacitive reactive Energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively Values of the total Apparent Energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively Tab. 4: Symbols used in the position ENERGY The symbols "i" and "c" stand for reactive powers (Q) and energies (Er) inductive and capacitive respectively. EN - 34 VEGA 76 6.4.2. "METER" mode On rotating the switch to this position the instrument selects automatically the METER mode corresponding to one of the below screens according to the settings made as per paragraph 5.2. 27.09.00 17:35:12 27.09.00 17:35:12 27.09.00 17:35:12 ENERGY SINGLE PHASE ENERGY THREE PHASE ENERGY THREE PHASE Ea1 = 0.000 kWh Erc1 = 0.000 kVARh Eri1 = 0.000 kVARh Es1 = 0.000 kVAh P1 = 36.38 kW Q1 = 6.375 kVAR S1 = 36.94 kVA Meas Time: 00:00:00 Eat = 0.000 kWh Erct = 0.000 kVARh Erit = 0.000 kVARh Est = 0.000 kVAh Pt = 36.38 kW Qt = 6.375 kVAR St = 36.94 kVA Meas Time: 00:00:00 Eat = 0.000 kWh Erct = 0.000 kVARh Erit = 0.000 kVARh Est = 0.000 kVAh Pt = 167.7 kW Qt = 30.47 kVAR St = 170.4 kVA Meas Time: 00:00:00 Meas Meas Example of screen in singlephase mode Example of screen in “3 wires” three-phase mode ChgP Meas Example of screen in “4 wires” three-phase mode The symbols used are described in Tab. 4. For eventual messages displayed see appendix 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED. Following keys are enabled: F2: to start / stop immediately a direct energy measurement. The energy counters will start increasing proportionally to the active power absorbed by the load. The results obtained cannot be memorized. If the active power is negative the counters will not increase. F1: (only for 4 wires measurement) to display the following screen. On the basis of the settings made as per paragraph 5.2 following screens are displayed cyclically: Overall three-phase values, values of phase 1, phase 2 and phase 3 SAVE: to save in the instrument memory a record of “Smp” type (see paragraph 5.4) containing the instantaneous values of voltage and current present on the instrument inputs. This function is disabled during a recording. ENTER/HOLD: to enable/disable the HOLD function (updating interruption) of the displayed data. All the previous functions remain however available. When the HOLD function is enabled, the word HOLD is displayed. When this function is enabled it’s not possible to record or take an energy measurement. This function is disabled during a recording or an energy measurement. MENU: to enter in the MENU mode and change the instrument settings (see paragraph 5.2 and 5.3). It’s not possible to enter the configuration MENU during a recording or an energy measurement. START/STOP: to record selected parameters according to the instrument’s settings (see chapter 7). EN - 35 VEGA 76 7. START A RECORDING As you can read in the paragraph 5.3 a recording can be started manually or automatically. Therefore, after setting all the parameters and leaving the Menu, the instrument will start to record: MANUALLY: AUTOMATICALLY: the recording will start when Instrument time reach the “00” seconds value after pressing START/STOP. If the operator has pressed START/STOP the instrument will remain in stand-by until the date and time previously set, then the recording will start. While if the operator doesn’t press START/STOP the recording will never start. CAUTION For recordings ALWAYS use the external power supply even the instrument allows the operator to perform a recording using internal batteries. If you press Start a recording without the external power supply the instrument will display a warning message “No ext supply”. Press START key again to run the recording or press ESC to quit. If during a recording the external power supply is de-energized, the instrument will continue the recording using the internal battery power until the batteries are exhausted (the data stored until the definitive turning off won’t get lost). For this we recommend you ALWAYS insert a new set of batteries before a long recording. The instrument uses sophisticated algorithms to prolong the battery life. Particularly: The instrument switches OFF the backlight Automatically after 5 seconds. If the instrument is just displaying in real time (and the external power supply is not connected), after about 5 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation the instrument turns off automatically ("AUTOPOWER OFF" function). If the instrument is recording or is measuring energy (and the external power supply is not connected), after about 5 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation the instrument starts a special procedure to save the batteries ("ECONOMY MODE"): the instrument keeps recording but the display is turned off. Before starting a recording the operator should first evaluate the state of the equipment, decide what to record and set the instrument accordingly. In order to facilitate this task we have decided to supply the instrument pre-set with a general configuration which should fit most cases. EN - 36 VEGA 76 The chosen configuration is the following ANALYZER CONFIG: Frequency: Full scale of the clamps: Transforming ratio of voltmetric transformers: Clamp Type: Type of electrical equipment: Password: 50Hz 1000A 1 Flex33d 4 wires enabled RECORDER CONFIG: Start: Manual (the recording is started 1 minute after pressing the START/STOP key) Stop: Manual Integration period: 15min Recording of harmonics: ON Recording of Voltage anomalies (voltage Sag and Surge): ON Voltage Reference for Sag and Surge detection: 230V Upper Limit for Sag and Surge detection: 6% Lower Limit for Sag and Surge detection: 10% Selected voltages: V1, V2, V3 Selected voltage harmonics: THD, 01, 03, 05, 07 Selected currents: I1, I2, I3, IN Selected current harmonics: THD, 01, 03, 05, 07 CO-GENERATION: OFF Powers, Pf and cosϕ selected: Pt, P1, P2, P3 Qti, Q1i, Q2i, Q3i Qtc, Q1c, Q2c, Q3c St, S1, S2, S3 Pft, Pf1, Pf2, Pf3 dpft, dpf1, dpf2, dpf3 Energies: Eat, Ea1, Ea2, Ea3 Erit, Eri1, Eri2, Eri3 Erct, Erc1, Erc2, Erc3 Est, Es1, Es2, Es3 If the user changed the instrument’s settings can quickly resume the above configuration using the RESET option (see paragraph 5.5). By pressing START/STOP the recording of the selected parameters is started according to the settings made in the MENU (see paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3). The rotary switch position doesn’t affect the recording setting. As the default value of the integration periods is set at 15 minutes the instrument will store data in the temporary memory for 15 minutes. Afterwards the instrument will elaborate the results saved in the temporary memory and will save the first series of values in the definitive memory. Therefore, if an integration period of 15 minutes has been set, the recording will continue for about 15 minutes before producing a series of recorded values. If the recording is interrupted before the selected integration period has completely elapsed the data stored in the temporary memory will not be elaborated and the corresponding series of values won’t be transferred to the definitive memory. EN - 37 VEGA 76 8. DURING A RECORDING If during a recording the external power supply is de-energized, the instrument will continue the recording using the internal battery power until the batteries are exhausted (the data stored up to the point the instrument shuts down won’t get lost). For this we recommend you ALWAYS insert a new set of batteries before a long recording. The instrument uses sophisticated algorithms to prolong the battery life. Particularly if instrument is recording or is measuring energy (and the external power supply is connected), after about 5 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation instrument starts a special procedure to save the batteries ("ECONOMY MODE"): instrument keeps recording but the display is turned off. During a recording the following are disabled: AUTOPOWER OFF function ON/OFF key HOLD key SAVE key Press the MENU key and the following screen will appear: INFO REC n XX START 09.18.01 11:35 INT PERIOD: 15min REC PERIODS:00004 REC TIME:139d.02h HARM REC: (ON) ANOM REC: (ON) N ANOMALIES: 00000 Recording This page includes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. START Date and Time Integration Period Actual Number of Elapsed Integration Periods Actual Recording Time Status of Harmonic Flag Status of Voltage Anomalies Flag Number of Voltage anomalies occurred during the recording EN - 38 the not the the VEGA 76 9. STOP A RECORDING OR AN ENERGY MEASUREMENT The instrument uses a protective routine to avoid the risk of being disturbed or interrupted during a recording or an energy measurement. Once a recording or a direct energy measurement (see paragraph 6.4.2) has been started (with the option PASSWORD enabled), after about 3 minutes from the last key pressure or switch rotation it won’t be sufficient to press START/STOP (if a recording is running) or F2 (if an energy measuring is running) to stop the recording, it will be necessary to insert the password. In order to insert the password (which is not changeable), press the multifunction keys in the following sequence (within 10 seconds): F1, F4, F3, F2 In order to enable/disable this option see paragraph 5.2. If a wrong password is inserted, the instrument will display an error message and will repeat the request. If no key is pressed after about 10 seconds the instrument returns back to the original screen. EN - 39 VEGA 76 10. CONNECT THE INSTRUMENT TO A PC In order to connect the instrument to a PC you must connect the serial cable shipped with the instrument to the serial output. The original serial cable has the following inner connections: Male connector 9 pins on the instrument side 2 3 5 6 2 3 5 4 Female connector 9 pins on the PC side The available transmission speeds are the following: 9600, 19200, 57600 (default value) The value of the transmission speed (Baud Rate) is displayed on the initial screen (immediately after turning on the instrument) (see paragraph 2.3). The value of this parameter can be modified only with the management software. For download instructions please refer to Topview software help on line CAUTION The selected COM port should not be interested by other devices or process (eg. mouse, modem, etc.) In order to transfer the memorized data from the instrument to the PC the following procedure (after Software Installation) must be followed: 1. Switch ON the instrument and wait that Initial screen disappears. 2. Connect the serial output of the instrument to the serial output of the PC through the serial cable 3. Run the Topview software 4. Select the “PC-instrument connection” command 5. Refer to software help on line for further instructions EN - 40 VEGA 76 11. MEASURING PROCEDURES 11.1. USING THE INSTRUMENT IN A SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM CAUTION The maximum voltage between B1 and B4 inputs is 600 V~ (CATII) / 350V~ phase – earth or 600V~ (CATIII) / 300 V~ phase to earth. Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual Instrument connection in a single-phase system CAUTION If possible, before connecting the instrument to the electrical equipment to be tested take the power supply off the electrical equipment. 1. Check, and if needed modify, the basic settings of the instrument (see paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3). Particularly, the single-phase mode must be set. 2. Rotate the switch to the position corresponding to the type of analysis desired. In case of doubts select the position POWER (see paragraph 6.3). 3. Connect the phase and neutral voltage wires respecting the connections shown in the picture. 4. If you want to measure current and power, connect the clamp meter to the phase conductor respecting the specifications shown on the clamp and the connections shown in the picture. In case of doubts select the position POWER and check if the active power P is positive. If it’s negative, remove current transducer from the wire and reconnect it so the transducer label faces the opposite direction. 5. Apply voltage to the electrical equipment under test (if previously shut off for the instrument connection). 6. The values of the available electrical parameters will be displayed on the display of the instrument. For further details see the paragraph relevant to the position of the switch. 7. You can press HOLD to interrupt the updating in real time of the displayed values. 8. If you want to record: a) Check, and if needed modify, the values of the basic parameters (see paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3). b) Check, and if needed modify, the recording parameters by pressing MENU (see the paragraph corresponding to the position of the rotary switch selected). c) To start the recording press START (see chapter 6). EN - 41 VEGA 76 11.2. USING THE INSTRUMENT IN A THREE PHASE 4 WIRE SYSTEM CAUTION The maximum voltage between B1, B2, B3, B4 inputs is 600 V~ (CATII) / 350V~ phase – earth or 600V~ (CATIII) / 300 V~ phase to earth. Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual Instrument connection in a three-phase 4 wire system CAUTION If possible, before connecting the instrument to the electrical equipment to be tested take the power supply off the electrical equipment. 1. Check, and if needed modify, the basic settings of the instrument (see paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3). Particularly, the 3PH4W mode must be set. 2. Rotate the switch to the position corresponding to the type of analysis desired. In case of doubts select the position POWER (see paragraph 6.3). 3. Connect the phase and neutral voltage wires respecting the connections shown in the picture. 4. If you want to measure current and power, connect the clamp meter to the phase conductor respecting the specifications shown on the clamp and the connections shown in the picture. In case of doubts select the position POWER and, connecting one clamp at a time, check if a) the phase sequence is correct (see paragraph 6.1.2). b) the active power P of each phase is positive. If it’s negative, remove current transducer from the wire and reconnect it so the transducer label faces the opposite direction. c) the value of the Pf of each phase is not excessively low (typically it’s not lower than 0.4). In case the Pf is lower than 0.4, check if the phase voltage is associated to the right clamp meter (for example the voltage of phase 1 must be associated to the clamp meter no. 1). 5. Apply voltage to the electrical equipment under test (if previously shut off for the instrument connection). 6. The values of the available electrical parameters will be displayed. For further details see the paragraph relevant to the position of the switch. 7. You can eventually press HOLD to interrupt the updating in real time of the displayed values. 8. If you want to record: a) Check and, if needed, modify the values of the basic parameters (see paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3). b) Check and, if needed, modify the recording parameters by pressing MENU (see the paragraph corresponding to the position of the rotary switch selected). c) To start the recording press START (see chapter 6). EN - 42 VEGA 76 11.3. USING THE INSTRUMENT IN A THREE PHASE 3 WIRE SYSTEM CAUTION The maximum voltage between B1 and B4 inputs is 600 V~ (CATII) / 350V~ phase – earth or 600V~ (CATIII) / 300 V~ phase to earth. Do not measure voltages exceeding the limits prescribed by this manual Instrument connection in a 3 wires three-phase system CAUTION • Please note that in this case the blue cable is connected with the green cable on phase 2 • If possible, before connecting the instrument to the electrical equipment to be tested take the power supply off the electrical equipment 1. Check, and if needed modify, the basic settings of the instrument (see paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3). Particularly, the 3 wires mode must be set. 2. Rotate the switch to the position corresponding to the type of analysis desired. In case of doubts select the position POWER (see paragraph 6.3). 3. Connect the phase and neutral voltage wires respecting the connections shown in the picture. 4. If you want to measure current and power, connect the clamp meter to the phase conductor respecting the specifications shown on the clamp and the connections shown in the picture. In case of doubts set temporarily the 3PH4W mode, then select the POWER position, connect the blue wire of the instrument to earth and, connecting one clamp at a time, check if: a) The phase sequence is correct (see paragraph 6.1.2). b) The active power P of each phase is positive. If negative, turn the clamp of the phase in question. c) The value of the Pf of each phase is not excessively low (typically it’s not lower than 0.4). In case the Pf is lower than 0.4, check if the phase voltage is associated to the right clamp meter (for example the voltage of phase 1 must be associated to the clamp meter no. 1). 5. Apply voltage to the electrical equipment under test (if previously shut off for the instrument connection). 6. The values of the available electrical parameters will be displayed of the instrument. For further details see the paragraph relevant to the position of the switch. 7. You can press HOLD to interrupt the updating in real time of the displayed values. 8. If you want to record: a) Check and eventually modify the values of the basic parameters (see paragraphs 5.2 and 5.3). b) Check and eventually modify the recording parameters by pressing MENU (see the paragraph corresponding to the position of the rotary switch selected). c) To start the recording press START (see chapter 6). EN - 43 VEGA 76 12. MAINTENANCE 12.1. GENARAL The VEGA76 is a precision instrument. For its’ use and storage, follow the recommendations and instructions contained in this manual in order to avoid possible damages or dangers. Never use the instrument in environments with a high humidity or temperature. Do not expose the instrument to direct sunlight. Always turn off the instrument after use. 12.2. BATTERY REPLACEMENT When the battery indicator on the display appears almost empty ( be replaced. ) the batteries must CAUTION Only qualified technicians should operate the instrument. Before replacing the batteries disconnect the test leads from circuit under voltage in order to avoid electrical shocks. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Disconnect cables and clamps from the circuit under test. Turn the instrument off by pressing ON/OFF. Remove the cables from the input terminals. Unscrew the screw of the battery cover and remove the cover. Replace the batteries with 6 new 1.5 V - AA. Reposition the cover and fasten it with the proper screw. 12.3. CLEANING Use a soft dry cloth to clean the instrument. Do not use wet clothes, solvents, water and so on 12.4. END OF LIFE CAUTION: this symbol indicates that equipment and its accessories shall be subject to a separate collection and correct disposal. EN - 44 VEGA 76 13. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 13.1. TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS The accuracy is stated as [% of the reading ± number of digits]. It refers to the following atmospheric conditions: temperature 73°F± 2°F (23°C ± 1°C) with relative humidity < 75%. Voltage measurement (Autoranging) Range Accuracy 15-310V ±(0.5%+2digit) 310-600V Resolution 0.2V 0.4V Input impedance 300kΩ (phase-neutral) 600kΩ (phase-phase) Voltage Anomalies Detection :Manual Selection of Range Voltage Range Accuracy Resolution 15-310V 0.2V ±(0.5%+2digit) 30-600V 0.4V Input impedance 300kΩ (phase-neutral) 600kΩ (phase-phase) Time Accuracy (ref. to 50Hz) Resolution ±10ms (½ period of fundamental) 10ms (½ period of fundamental) Current measurement (Using external transducer STD and FlexEXT) Protection against Range Accuracy Resolution Input impedance overloads 0.005-0.26V 0.26-1V ±(0.5%+2digit) 0.0001V 100kΩ 0.0004V 5V Minimal Current measurable is equal to 0.5% of Clamp Full Scale Current measurement (Using transducer FlexINT or Flex33d) – Range 1000A Range Input voltage Resolution Accuracy 5.00 ÷ 20.00A 425µV ÷ 1.7mV 0.850µV ± (4.0%rdg + 8.5µV) 20.00 ÷ 99.99A 1.7mV ÷ 8.499mV 0.850µV ± (1.0% rdg + 8.5µV) 100.0 ÷ 999.9A 8.5mV÷ 84.99mV 8.5µV ± (1.0% rdg + 85µV) Minimal Current measurable is equal to 0.5% of Clamp Full Scale Input impedance: 9.166kΩ Current measurement (Using transducer FlexINT or Flex33d) – Range 3000A Range Input voltage Resolution Accuracy 15.00 ÷ 99.99A 1.27mV ÷ 8.499mV 0.850µV ± (1.0% rdg + 8.5µV) 100.0 ÷ 270.0A 8.5mV ÷ 22.75mV 8.5µV ± (1.0% rdg + 42.5uV 270.0 ÷ 999.9A 22.75mV ÷ 84.99mV 8.5µV ± (1.0% rdg + 85uV) 1.00 ÷ 3.00kA 85mV ÷ 255mV 850µV ± (0.5% rdg + 8.5mV) Minimal Current measurable is equal to 0.5% of Clamp Full Scale Input impedance: 9.7kΩ EN - 45 VEGA 76 Power measurement (cosϕ: 0.5c – 0.5i) Value Ranges 100 - 999.9W Active power 1KW – 999.9KW 1MW – 999.9MW 100 – 999.9VAR 1KVAR – 999.9KVAR Reactive power 1MVAR – 999.9MVAR 100 – 999.9VA 1KVA – 999.9KVA Apparent power 1MVA – 999.9MVA 100 – 999.9Wh 1KWh – 999.9KWh Active energy 1MWh – 999.9MWh 100 – 999.9VARh Reactive energy 1KVARh – 999.9KVARh 1MVARh – 999.9MVARh Cosϕ measurement Cosϕ 0.20 0.50 0.80 Accuracy ±(1.0%+2digit) Resolution 0.01 Measurement of Voltage/Current harmonics Range Accuracy DC – 25h ±(5.0%+2digit) 26h – 33h ±(10.0%+2digit) 34h – 49h ±(15.0%+2digit) Resolution 0.1W 0.1KW 0.1MW 0.1VAR 0.1KVAR 0.1MVAR 0.1VA 0.1KVA 0.1MVA 0.1Wh 0.1KWh 0.1MWh 0.1VARh 0.1KVARh 0.1MVARh Accuracy (expressed in degrees) 0.6 0.7 1 Resolution 0.1V / 0.1A Harmonic values are considered zero by meter under the herewith thresholds: - DC: if <1V or if <2% of 1th order - 1th harmonic: if <2V - 2nd ÷ 49th: if <1V or if <2% of 1th order Frequency Measurement Instrument set to 50Hz Range 47 ÷ 53 Resolution 0,1Hz Accuracy ±(0.2%+1digit) Resolution 0,1Hz Accuracy ±(0.2%+1digit) Instrument set to 60Hz Range 57 ÷ 63,6 13.1.1. Compliance VEGA 76 complies with the standards prescribed for: • class 2 EN61036 – static counters of active energy • class 3 IEC1268 – static counters of reactive energy 13.1.2. Temperature drift Temperature drift: 0,1 x accuracy/K EN - 46 VEGA 76 13.1.3. Safety The instrument complies to the standards: Insulation: Pollution: Overvoltage category: IEC/EN61010-1 + A2(1996) Class 2 2 CAT III 300V~; CAT II 350V~ (Phase-Earth) CAT III 600V~ (Phase-Phase) 13.1.4. General Characteristics Mechanical features: Dimensions: Weight: Internal power supply: Battery Life: External power supply: Display : resolution dot size visible area Sampling speed: No. of samples per period Opening clamp Maximum diameter of the cable: 225(L) x 165(La) x 105(H) 1.5kg 6 batteries 1.5V series AA LR6 50hours Use only HT Italia power supplier code A0050 dot matrix with backlight 128 x 128 dots (16384 dots) 0.5mm x 0.5mm 73mm x 73mm 156.25usec a 50Hz. 128 53 mm 50 mm 13.2. ENVIRONMENT 13.2.1. Operating conditions Reference temperature: Operating temperature: Relative humidity: Storage temperature: Storage humidity: 73°F ± 2°F (23°C ± 1°C) 32°F to 122°F (0°C to 50 °C) <70% 14°F to 140°F (-10°C to 60 °C) <80% This instrument complies with the prescriptions of the European directive on low voltage 2006/95/CEE (LVD) and EMC directive 2004/108/EEC 13.3. ACCESSORIES 13.3.1. Standard accessories Description Carrying case External power supply 12VDC Flexible clamp meter 3000A, 3pcs Set of 4 cables and 4 alligator clips Windows software + RS-232 serial cable User manual Certificate of calibration ISO9000 Code BORSA2051 A0050 HTFLEX33 KITENERGY2 TOPVIEW 13.3.2. Optional accessories Description Clamp meter 200A and 2000A Clamp meter 3000A Kit for CT 1A and 5A / 1V connection Belt kit Code HP30C2 HP30C3 HT903 CN0050 EN - 47 VEGA 76 14. APPENDIX 1 – MESSAGES DISPLAYED Advices Message Description CLEAR ALL? (Enter) Available memory autonomy for the recording which is being effected The operator is trying to cancel all the recordings effected CLEAR LAST? (Enter) The operator is trying to cancel the last recording effected Data saved DATA SIZE: HOLD The data have been saved Dimensions of the stored data By pressing the proper key, the HOLD function has been activated A recording has been started and at least 5 minutes have passed from the last activity of the instrument (see paragraph 7). The inserted date is not correct The instrument is taking an energy measurement The memory of the instrument is full AUTONOM: Password: Invalid date Energy Measuring Memory Full No ext supply! A recording has been started without connecting the external power supply No parameter sel A recording has been started without selecting any value to be recorded Voltage and/or current harmonics have been selected and the corresponding flag has been enabled (HARMONICS ON) but no phase voltage or current has been selected The inserted password is wrong (see paragraph 7). The inserted password is correct The instrument is waiting for the recording to be started (see paragraph 6) The instrument is recording (see paragraph 6) More than 63 parameters have been selected (harmonics included) or More than 38 parameters with COGENERATION Flag enabled The quantity of recorded data + Smp exceeds the maximum allowed (35) The Phase Sequence isn’t correct. The active powers shown on the right side of the message are negative The active powers shown on the right side of the message are negative and the Phase Sequence isn’t correct. No Phase selected PASSWORD ERROR PASSWORD OK Please wait Recording Too many param Too many record ERR: SEQ ERR: PERR: SEQ & PERR: CONNECTION Error Vref Error1 ÷ Error 5 The instrument has detected a wrong connection to Voltage inputs The user set a Voltage reference not compatible with voltage at instrument’s input. The instrument memory is damaged. EN - 48 ☺ Press ESC in order not to cancel the whole memory, press ENTER to confirm Press ESC in order not to cancel the last recording, press ENTER to confirm Press HOLD again to disable this function Insert the password: F1, F4, F3, F2 Check the inserted date Press F1 to stop it Cancel some recordings after transferring them to a PC Verify it you really want to start the recording without the external power supply. In that case press START again. Press START/STOP and select at least a value entering the MENU Select at least one phase voltage and/or current Check the password Deselect some values Cancel some recordings after transferring them to a PC Check the Phase Sequence connection. If there isn’t a situation of co-generation check if the clamps are properly connected If there isn’t a situation of co-generation check if the clamps are properly connected / check the Phase Sequence connection. Check the Voltage connections Check Voltage Reference set in “CONFIG RECORDER” Contact HT Italia assistance VEGA 76 15. APPENDIX 2 – RECORDABLE PARAMETERS: SYMBOLS Symbol V1, V2, V3 V12, V23 V31 I1, I2, I3 IN DC h01 ÷ h49 ThdV ThdI Pt, P1, P2, P3 P12, P32 Qt, Q1, Q2, Q3 Q12, Q32 St, S1, S2, S3 S12, S32 Pft, pf1, pf2, pf3 dPft, dpf1, dpf2, dpf3 Eat, Ea1, Ea2, Ea3 Erit, Eri1, Eri2, Eri3 Erct, Erc1, Erc2, Erc3 Est, Es1, Es2, Es3 Description RMS value of the voltage of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively Value of phase to phase voltages RMS value of the current of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively RMS value of the current of the neutral Continuous component of voltage or current Harmonic 01 ÷ Harmonic 49 of voltage or current Factor of total harmonic distortion of the voltage (see paragraph 16.2) Factor of total harmonic distortion of the current (see paragraph 16.2) Values of the total active power, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively (only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the Wattmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2). Values of the total reactive power, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively (only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the VARmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2). Values of the total apparent power, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively (only for 3 wires measurement) Value of the power measured by the VAmeter 1-2 and 3-2 respectively (see paragraph 16.3.2). Value of the total power factors, power factors of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively Values of the total cosϕ, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively Values of the total active energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively Values of the total inductive reactive Energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively Values of the total capacitive reactive Energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively Values of the total Apparent Energy, of phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 respectively EN - 49 VEGA 76 16. APPENDIX 3 – THEORETICAL OUTLINES 16.1. VOLTAGE ANOMALIES (VOLTAGE SAG AND SURGE) The VEGA 76 is able to record as voltage anomalies all those rms values, calculated every 10ms, beyond the percent thresholds of Voltage Reference (Vref) set during the programming from ± 1% to ± 30 % (with step of 1%). The Reference must be set to: Nominal Voltage Phase to Neutral: Nominal Voltage Phase to Phase: for Single Phase and 4 wires three phase system for 3 wires three phase system Example1: Three Phase System 3 wires. Vref = 400V, LIM+= 6%, LIM-=10% => High Lim = 400 x (1+6/100) = 424,0V Low Lim = 400 x (1-10/100) = 360 Example2: Three Phase System 4 wires. Vref = 230V, LIM+= 6%, LIM-=10% => High Lim = 230 x (1+6/100) = 243,08V Low Lim = 230 x (1-10/100) = 207,0V The Instrument will detect Voltage Anomalies if the RMS Voltage Values (calculated every 10ms) beyond the above calculated thresholds. These limits remain unchanged throughout the recording period. When a Voltage anomalie occurs the instrument records: • • • • • The number corresponding to the phase where the anomaly occurred. The “direction” of the anomaly: “UP” and “DN” identify respectively voltage drops (sag) and peaks (Surge). The date and time of the beginning of the event in the form day, month, year, hour, minutes, seconds, hundredths of second. The duration of the event, in seconds with a resolution of 10ms. The minimum (or maximum) value of voltage during the event. 16.2. VOLTAGE AND CURRENT HARMONICS 16.2.1. Theory Any periodical non-sine wave can be represented as a sum of sinusoidal waves having each a frequency that corresponds to an entire multiple of the fundamental, according to the relation: ∞ v(t) = V0 + ∑ Vk sin( ω k t + ϕ k ) k =1 (1) where: V0 = Average value of v(t) V1 = Amplitude of the fundamental of v(t) Vk = Amplitude of the kth harmonic of v(t) In the mains voltage, the fundamental has a frequency of 50 Hz, the second harmonic has a frequency of 100 Hz, the third harmonic has a frequency of 150 Hz and so on. Harmonic distortion is a constant problem and should not be confused with short events such as sags, surges or fluctuations. EN - 50 VEGA 76 LEGENDA: 1. Fundamental 2. Third Harmonic 3. Distorted Waveform Effect of the sum of 2 multiple frequencies. It can be noted that in (1) the index of the sigma is from 1 to the infinite. What happens in reality is that a signal does not have an unlimited number of harmonics: a number always exists after which the harmonics value is negligible. The EN 50160 standard recommends th to stop the index in the expression (1) in correspondence of the 40 harmonic. A fundamental element to detect the presence of harmonics is THD defined as: 40 ∑V 2 h THDv = h= 2 V1 This index takes all the harmonics into account. The higher it is, the more distorted the waveform gets. 16.2.2. Limit values for harmonics EN-50160 fixes the limits for the harmonic voltages, which can be introduced into the network by the power supplier. In normal conditions, during whatever period of a week, 95% if the RMS value of each harmonic voltage, mediated on 10 minutes, will have to be inferior than or equal to the values stated in the following table. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the supply voltage (including all the harmonics up to 40th order) must be inferior than or equal to 8%. Order h 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 25 Odd harmonics Not multiple of 3 Relative voltage % Max Order h 6 3 5 9 3,5 15 3 21 2 1,5 1,5 1,5 Multiple of 3 Relative voltage % Max 5 1,5 0,5 0,5 Order h 2 4 6..24 Even harmonics Relative voltage %Max 2 1 0,5 These limits, theoretically applicable only for the supplier of electric energy, provide however a series of reference values within which the harmonics introduced into the network by the users must be contained. EN - 51 VEGA 76 16.2.3. Presence of harmonics: causes Any apparatus that alters the sine wave or uses only a part of such a wave causes distortions to the sine wave and therefore harmonics. All current signals result in some way virtually distorted. The most common situation is the harmonic distortion caused by non-linear loads such as electric household appliances, personal computers or speed control units for motors. Harmonic distortion causes significant currents at frequencies that are odd multiples of the fundamental frequency. Harmonic currents affect considerably the neutral wire of electric installations. In most countries, the mains power is three-phase 50/60Hz with a delta primary and star secondary transformers. The secondary generally provides 230V AC from phase to neutral and 400V AC from phase to phase. Balancing the loads on each phase has always represented an headache for electric systems designers. Until some ten years ago, in a well balanced system, the vectorial sum of the currents in the neutral was zero or quite low (given the difficulty of obtaining a perfect balance). The devices were incandescent lights, small motors and other devices that presented linear loads. The result was an essentially sinusoidal current in each phase and a low current on the neutral at a frequency of 50/60Hz. “Modern” devices such as TV sets, fluorescent lights, video machines and microwave ovens normally draw current for only a fraction of each cycle thus causing non-linear loads and subsequent non-linear currents. All this generates odd harmonics of the 50/60Hz line frequency. For this reason, the current in the transformers of the distribution boxes contains only a 50Hz (or 60Hz) component but also a 150Hz (or 180Hz) component, a 50Hz (or 300Hz) component and other significant components of harmonic up to 750Hz (or 900Hz) and higher. The vectorial sum of the currents in a well balanced system that feeds non-linear loads may still be quite low. However, the sum does not eliminate all current harmonics. The odd multiples of the third harmonic (called “TRIPLENS”) are added together in the neutral and can cause overheating even with balanced loads. 16.2.4. Presence of harmonics: consequences nd th In general, even harmonics, i.e. the 2 , 4 etc., do not cause problems. Triple harmonics, odd multiples of three, are added on the neutral (instead of cancelling each other) thus creating a condition of overheating of the wire which is extremely dangerous. Designers should take into consideration the three issues given below when designing a power distribution system that will contain harmonic current: • • • The neutral wire must be of sufficient gauge. The distribution transformer must have an additional cooling system to continue operating at its rated capacity when not suited to the harmonics. This is necessary because the harmonic current in the neutral wire of the secondary circuit circulates in the delta-connected primary circuit. This circulating harmonic current heats up the transformer. Phase harmonic currents are reflected on the primary circuit and continue back to the power source. This can cause distortion of the voltage wave so that any power factor correction capacitors on the line can be easily overloaded. th th The 5 and the 11 harmonic contrast the current flow through the motors making its operation harder and shortening their average life. In general, the higher the ordinal harmonic number , the smaller its energy is and therefore the impact it will have on the devices (except for transformers). EN - 52 VEGA 76 16.3. POWER AND POWER FACTOR: DEFINITIONS In a standard electric installation powered by three sine voltages the following is defined: Pn = VnN ⋅ I n ⋅ cos( ϕ n ) Phase Active Power: (n=1,2,3) S n = VnN ⋅ I n Phase Apparent Power: (n=1,2,3) Phase Reactive Power: Qn = S n2 − Pn2 (n=1,2,3) Phase Power Factor: Pn Sn PF n = (n=1,2,3) PTOT = P1 + P2 + P3 Total Active Power: Total Reactive Power: QTOT = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 Total Apparent Power: S TOT = PTOT + QTOT 2 PTOT S TOT PF TOT = Total Power Factor: 2 where: VnN = In = fn= RMS value of voltage between phase n and Neutral. RMS value of n phase current. Phase displacement angle between voltage and current of n phase. In presence of distorted voltages and currents the previous relations vary as follows: ∞ Phase Active Power: Pn = ∑ Vk n I k n cos (ϕ k n ) (n=1,2,3) k =0 S n = VnN ⋅ I n Phase Apparent Power: (n=1,2,3) Phase Reactive Power: Qn = S n2 − Pn2 (n=1,2,3) Phase Power Factor: PF n = (n=1,2,3) Distorted Power Factor dPFn=cosf1n= (n=1,2,3) Pn Sn phase displacement between the fundamentals of voltage and current of n phase PTOT = P1 + P2 + P3 Total Active Power: Total Reactive Power: QTOT = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 Total Apparent Power: S TOT = PTOT + QTOT 2 PF TOT = Total Power Factor: 2 PTOT S TOT where: Vkn = RMS value of kth voltage harmonic between n phase and Neutral. Ikn = RMS value of kth current harmonic of n phase. fkn= Phase displacement angle between kth voltage harmonic and kth current harmonic of n phase. EN - 53 VEGA 76 Note: It is to be noted that the expression of the phase Reactive Power with non sine waveforms, would be wrong. To understand this, it may be useful to consider that both the presence of harmonics and the presence of reactive power produce, among other effects, an increase of line power losses due to the increased current RMS value. With the above given relation the increasing of power losses due to harmonics is added to that introduced by the presence of reactive power. In effect, even if the two phenomena contribute together to the increase of power losses in line, it is not true in general that these causes of the power losses are in phase between each other and therefore that can be added one to the other mathematically. The above given relation is justified by the relative simplicity of calculation of the same and by the relative discrepancy between the value obtained using this relation and the true value. It is to be noted moreover, how in case of an electric installation with harmonics, another parameter called depurated Power Factor (dPF) is defined. In practice, this parameter represents the theoretical limit value that can be reached for Power Factor if all the harmonics could be eliminated from the electric installation. 16.3.1. Conventions on powers and power factors As for the recognition of the type of reactive power, of the type of power factor and of the direction of the active power, the below conventions must be applied. The stated angles are those of phase-displacement of the current compared to the voltage (for example, in the first panel the current is in advance from 0° to 90° compared to the voltage): Equipment under test = Inductive Generator Equipment under test = Capacitive Load 90° P+ = 0 Pfc+ = -1 Pfi+ = -1 Qc+ = 0 Qi+ = 0 P- = Pfc - = Pfi - = Qc- = Qi - = P -1 Pf 0 Q P+ = P Pfc+ = Pf Pfi+ = -1 Qc+ = Q Qi+ = 0 P- = 0 Pfc - = -1 Pfi - = -1 Qc- = 0 Qi - = 0 180° 0° P+ = 0 Pfc+ = -1 Pfi+ = -1 Qc+ = 0 Qi+ = 0 P- = Pfc - = Pfi - = Qc- = Qi - = P Pf -1 Q 0 P+ = P Pfc+ = -1 Pfi+ = Pf Qc+ = 0 Qi+ = Q P- = 0 Pfc - = -1 Pfi - = -1 Qc- = 0 Qi - = 0 270° Equipment under test = Capacitive Generator Equipment under test = Inductive Load EN - 54 VEGA 76 where: Symbol P+ Pfc+ Pfi+ Qc+ Qi+ PPfcPfiQcQiValue P Q Pf 0 -1 Significance Value of the active power + Capacitive power factor + Inductive power factor + Value of the capacitive reactive power + Value of the inductive reactive power + Value of the active power Capacitive power factor Inductive power factor Value of the capacitive reactive power Value of the inductive reactive power - Remarks Positive parameter (user) Negative parameter (generator) Significance The active power (positive or negative) is defined in the panel and therefore acquires the value of the active power in that moment. The reactive power (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is defined in the panel and therefore acquires the value of the reactive power in that moment. The power factor (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is defined in the panel and therefore acquires the value of the power factor in that moment. The active power (positive or negative) or the reactive power (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is NOT defined in the panel and therefore acquires a null value. The power factor (inductive or capacitive, positive or negative) is NOT defined in the panel. 16.3.2. 3 Phase 3 Wire System In the electrical systems distributed without neutral, the phase voltages and the power factors and phase cosϕ lose importance. Only the phase to phase voltages, the phase currents and the total powers remain defined. Phase 1 W 1-2 VAR 1-2 Three-phase Phase 2 equipment Phase 3 W 3-2 VAR 3-2 In this case the potential of one of the three phases (for example, phase 2) is taken on as reference potential. The total values of the active, reactive and apparent power are expressed as sum of the indications of the couples of Wattmeters, VARmeters and VAmeters. PTOT = W1− 2 + W3− 2 QTOT = VAR1− 2 + VAR3− 2 S TOT = (W1− 2 + W3− 2 )2 + (VAR1−2 + VAR3− 2 )2 EN - 55 VEGA 76 16.4. MEASURING METHOD: OUTLINES The instrument is able to measure: voltages, currents, active powers, inductive and capacitive reactive powers, apparent powers, inductive and capacitive power factors, analogic or impulse parameters. All these parameters are analyzed in a digital way: for each phase (voltage and current), 6 x 128 samples are acquired on a module of 16 x 20ms, repeated for the three phases. 16.4.1. Integration periods The storage of all the data would require a huge memory capacity. Therefore we’ve tried to find out a storage method which permits to compress the information to be memorized, though providing significant data. The chosen method is the integration one: after a certain period called “integration period”, which can be set from 5 seconds to 60 minutes (3600sec), the instrument extracts from the sampled values the following values: • • • Minimum value of the parameter during the integration period (harmonics excluded) Medium value of the parameter (intended as arithmetic average of all the values registered during the integration period) Maximum value of the parameter during the integration period (harmonics excluded) Only this information (repeated for each parameter to be memorized) are saved in the memory along with starting time and date of the integration period. Once these data are memorized, the instrument restarts to take measurements for a new period. 16.4.2. Power factor calculations According to the standards in force, the medium power factor can’t be calculated as average of the instantaneous power factors. It must be obtained from the medium values of active and reactive power. Each single medium power factor (of phase or total) is therefore calculated, at the end of each integration period, on the medium value of the corresponding powers independently on the fact that they must be registered or not. Besides, for a better analysis of the type of load present on the line and in order to have terms of comparison when studying the invoicing of the low cosϕ, the values of inductive and capacitive cosϕ are treated as independent parameters. EN - 56 VEGA 76 17. AFTER-SALE SERVICE 17.1. WARRANTY This instrument is guaranteed against any defects in material and manufacturing, in compliance with the general sale terms and conditions. During the warranty period all defective parts may be replaced, but the manufacturer reserves the right to repair or replace the product. If the instrument is to be returned to the after-sale service or to a dealer, its transport expenses must be borne by the customer. Shipment shall be however agreed upon. A report must always accompany the returned product, stating the reasons of its return. For shipping the instrument, exclusively use the original packaging material; any damage that may be due to non-original packing shall be charged to the customer. The manufacturer disclaims any responsibility for damages caused to people and/or objects. Guarantee is not applied in the following cases: • • • • • • Any repair and/or replacement of accessories and the battery (not covered by the guarantee). Any repair that might be necessary as a consequence of a misuse of the instrument or of its use with non compatible devices. Any repair that might be necessary as a consequence of improper packaging. Any repair that might be necessary as a consequence of service interventions carried out by unauthorised personnel. Any change to the instrument carried out without the express authorisation of the manufacturer. Use not provided for among the instrument specifications or in the instruction manual. The content of this manual cannot be reproduced in any form whatsoever without express authorisation of the manufacturer. All our products are patented and their trade marks registered. The manufacturer reserves the right to modify the product specifications and price, if this is aimed at a technological improvement. 17.2. SERVICE If the instrument does not operate properly, before contacting the after-sale service check the cables and the test leads and replace them, if necessary. Should the instrument still operate improperly, check that the operation procedure is correct and corresponds to the instructions given in this manual. If the instrument is to be returned to the after-sale service or to a dealer, its transportation is on the customer’s behalf. Shipment shall be however agreed upon. A report must always accompany the returned product, stating the reasons of its return. For shipping the instrument, exclusively use the original packaging material; any damage that may be due to non-original packing shall be charged to the customer. EN - 57 Via della Boaria 40 48018 – Faenza (RA)- Italy Tel: +39-0546-621002 (4 linee r.a.) Fax: +39-0546-621144 Email: [email protected] http://www.htitalia.com