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 Figure 1. Diagram of the process of slope enforcing. Slope enforcing code uses raster stream information (stream cells with values of 1 are shown in red and non‐stream cells with values of 0 are shown in blue) and creates a connected set of x and y slopes along the streams. After the enforced slope text files are created,“writetextslopesaspfb.f90” is used to convert the output text files (xslopeenf.txt and yslopeenf.txt) to pfb slope files. In the Dead Run case, even this slope enforcement was not enough to result in fully connected stream channels in the overland flow test. The reason is that because this is an urban landscape, some parts of streams are piped and underground, and therefore not designated in the NHD or DEM. Therefore, we used the Baltimore County and City GIS hydrography data that includes locations of piped streams and storm sewers to connect the daylighted streams. We manually modified the stream raster files using information like that shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. Streams (blue), drainage connectors (brown) and storm sewers (dark red) overlaid on elevation in the southeast part of the Dead Run domain. The center stream abruptly ends; so the flow path is inferred using local storm sewer data. 17