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Chapter 9 Prolog syntax Starting from the basic Prolog character set, the syntax of Prolog terms is built up step by step in the sections Basic Prolog elements and Terms. The remaining parts of this chapter deal with special aspects of operators, arithmetic expressions and functions, comparison predicates and list processing. 9.1 Basic Prolog elements The character set used by Prolog is divided into four classes of characters, the Prolog-specific characters being of particular importance in the Prolog syntax. The remaining characters form lexical elements and delimiters. Prolog character set The Prolog character set consists of the following classes of characters: • Letters, digits, underscore character • Special characters • Prolog-specific characters • Delimiters These classes comprise the following individual characters: Letters, digits, underscore character a A 0 b B 1 c C 2 d D 3 ... ... 4 z Z 5 6 793 7 8 9 _
