Download RETScreen - Passive Solar Heating Project Model

RETScreen® Passive Solar Heating Project Model
Transmission and distribution losses
The user enters the transmission and distribution (T & D) losses (%) of the base case electricity
system, which includes all energy losses between the power plant and the end-user. This value
will vary based on the voltage of transport lines, the distance from the site of energy production
to the point of use, peak energy demands, ambient temperature and electricity theft. In addition,
T & D system type (e.g. AC vs. DC) and quality may also influence losses. The model calculates
the weighted average of the T&D losses of the global electricity mix on the bottom row of the
table.
Units are given as a percentage of all electricity losses to electricity generated. It is reasonable to
assume T & D losses of 8 to 10% in modern grids in industrialised countries and 10 to 20% in
grids located in developing countries.
GHG emission factor
The model calculates the GHG emission factor for each reference fuel type. Values are calculated
based on the individual emission factors, the fuel conversion efficiency and the T & D losses. The
weighted GHG emission factor for the total electricity mix is calculated on the bottom row of the
table.
Units are given in tonnes equivalent of CO2 emission per megawatt-hour of end-use electricity
delivered (tCO2/MWh).
Base Case Heating and Cooling System (Baseline)
The base case heating and cooling system, or baseline system, represents the system to which the
passive solar heating system is compared. The base case heating and cooling system is defined in
terms of its fuel types, its emissions of GHG and its conversion efficiencies.
Note that in all cases, the base cooling system is assumed to be powered by electricity using the
base case electricity mix system.
The base case system is normally referred to as the reference or baseline option in standard
economic analysis.
Fuel type
The fuel type of the base case heating system entered by the user in the Energy Model worksheet
is transferred to the GHG Analysis worksheet.
The fuel type of the base case cooling system is assumed to be electricity in all cases.
PSH.67