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4 OPEN SOURCE
4
4.1
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OPEN SOURCE
Open Source Licenses
Open source licenses [26] ensure that software developers can control the terms under
which others can reuse the software they contribute to open source projects. All open
source licenses share the principle that anyone should be able to use, copy, and
distribute source code and the executable software compiled from it.
Bilen [63] divides software developing companies in technology industry to two
groups. The first takes the advantage of open source licenses like Apache [55] and BSD
[64] which allow them to use these open source components to develop their own
proprietary software. The second group of companies, which stick to GPL [65] and
GPL-like licenses, focus on pure open source software development and utilize the full
power of outside-in thinking via communities and networks such as universities or other
companies.
Apache License [17,26], version 2.0 grants a copyright and a patent license from
contributor to users. Redistribution is allowed under following conditions:
1. Recipients of the work must be given a copy of the license
2. Modified files include notices about modification
3. All copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices must be retained from the
licensed work, excluding notices that don't belong to any part of derivative work
4. If the work includes “notice” text file, derivative work must include this file
Creating and selling customized versions of Apache is allowed. License doesn't give
permission to use trademarks. No warranty is given and contributors are not liable for
the damages arising as a result of using the work.
The MIT License [17,26] gives no restrictions for dealing with the software. No
warranty is given and authors or copyright holders are not liable. MIT license is GPL
compatible.
GNU General Public License (GPL) [17,18,26,65], version 2.0 allows to distribute
copies of free software, receive source code, change software, or use pieces of software
in new programs. When distributing the copies, all recipients must be given all the
rights that the distributor has. Recipients must receive or have possibility to get the
source code and they must see the license terms. No warranty is given. Copying and