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Wellnomics Ergonomics Reference Guide ▪ 127
Forward head posture (Anterior position of the head i.e. leaning forward, head sticking out)
This is when a position is adopted where the head is pushed forward on the neck, sometimes called
‘protraction’ or a ‘poking chin’.
This may be due to leaning forward or sticking the chin forward, in an effort to see something better
This can result in strain on upper neck muscles, ligaments and joints and consequently discomfort.
Shoulder Elevation
This is when a position is adopted where the shoulders are shrugged towards the ears.
This may be due to:
• desk being too high
• mouse being placed too far away
• keyboard being too high
• telephone being held between the shoulder and the ear
• chair armrests being too high
• stress / tension
This can result in strain on upper neck and shoulder muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints and
consequently discomfort.
Upper arm raised (Upper arm elevation)
This is when a position is adopted where the upper arms are lifted or positioned forward of the main
body.
This may be due to:
• desk being too high
• mouse being placed too far away
• keyboard being too high
• telephone being held between the shoulder and the ear
• chair armrests being too high
• stress / tension
This can result in strain on upper neck and shoulder muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints and
consequently discomfort.
Reaching with arm (Upper Arm Rotation)
This is when a position is adopted where the lower arm, when bent at the elbow, is positioned away
from the trunk.
This may be due to:
• the mouse being placed too far to one side
• the way the mouse is used
• the position of the chair armrests
This can result in strain on upper neck and shoulder muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints and
consequently discomfort.
Insufficient Forearm Support
This is when a position is adopted where there is little or no support for the forearms while working.
This may be due to:
• the configuration of the desk