Download Diode Laser Spectroscopy

Rev 2.0 11/09
DIODE LASER SPECTROSCOPY
Instructor/Student Manual Table of Contents
1. Diode Laser Physics
I.
Laser Basics
II. Lasers with Grating Feedback
A. Introduction
B. Laser Tuning
1. Medium Gain
2. Internal Cavity
3. Grating Feedback
4. External Cavity
III. References
3. Getting Started Continued
1-1
1-4
1-4
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-10
III. Observing Saturated Absorption
A. The Optical Plan
B. Some Basics
C. Placing the Components
D. Understanding the Functions
of the Beams
3-18
3-18
3-20
3-21
IV. Aligning a Michelson Interferometer
3-26
V. Appendix
Making Beams Collinear
3-29
2. Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy
4. Experiments Section
I.
2-1
I.
2-1
II. Interferometric Measurement of Resonant
Absorption and Refractive (Caltech)
Index in Rb
Background
II. Qualitative Picture – 2 Level Atoms
III. Qualitative Picture– Multi-Level Atoms 2-2
IV. Quantitative Picture – 2-Level Atoms
2-4
V. Atomic Structure of Rubidium
2-7
VI. References
2-9
3. Getting Started - Initial Setup
and First Explorations
I. Overview of the Instrument
A. The Laser
B. The Detectors
C. The Absorption Cell Assembly
D. The Magnetic Field Coils
E. The Controller
F. TV and Camera
G. The Optics and Connectors
Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy (Caltech)
III. Resonant Light Propagation through
an Atomic Vapor (Caltech)
IV. Resonant Faraday Rotation as a probe
of atomic dispersion (D. Van Baak)
5. Apparatus
3-1
II. Initial Setup – What to do first
A. Unpacking and
Setting up the Laser
3-2
B. Setting up the
Absorption Cell Assembly
3-3
C. Starting up the Laser
3-4
D. Aligning the Laser
3-4
E. Setting up to Observe
Rubidium Fluorescence
3-8
F. Finding the Rb Fluorescence
Initial Horizontal Adjustment
3-10
G. Observing the Absorption Spectrum
Using a Photodiode Detector
3-10
H. Horizontal Modes,
Final Horizontal Adjustment
3-12
I. Using Simultaneous Current and
Piezo Modulation
3-14
J. Using Two Photodiode Detectors 3-15
K. All Finished
3-17
L. Shutting Down
3-17
0.
Detailed Table of Contents
I.
Laser
5-1
II. Photodiode Detectors and
Detector Electronics
5-23
III. Absorption Cell Assembly
5-26
IV. Optics
5-30
V. CCD Camera and TV Monitor
5-32
VI Addendum
Condensing Rubidium in the Tip
5-33
6. Appendix
I.
Brief Introduction to Diode-Laser Spectroscopy
II. Thinking About Saturated Absorption and
Crossover Transitions