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FOR OWNERS OF THE COMMODORE PET™ PERSONAL COMPUTER
VO LUM E III, ISSUE 1
AN ARESCO PUBLICATIO N
FEBRUARY 1980, $2.00
TABLE OF CONTENTS
R e a d e r I / O .....................................................................3
P E T U s e r G r o u p s .............................................................
5
S p e e d i n g U p The P r i n t S t a t e m e n t .............. D o u g H e n n i g ..........
6
P r o d u c t M i n i - r e p o r t .......................... . . . M a r j o r i e M c K e n s i e . .
6
F l o a t i n g P o i n t N u m b e r s .............. ........... A r n i e L e e .............
7
Product Review:
C o m m o d o r e W P P / 2 0 2 0 P r i n t e r ..P h i l i p R e s t a g n o . . l O
Product Reviews
T i m e T r e k ..................... R o y B u s d i e c k e r ....... 11
H I M O N D I S o n a 1 6 k P E T ........................... W a y n e S u n g ............ 13
New Product Announcement:
Datestones
o f R y n ........................1 5
I n D e f e n s e O f P I M S ............................... F r a n T u r c o ............ 17
Modifications
F o r P I M S . . . . ..................... C h r i s K a l m b a c h ....... 18
H I M O N D I S & R O M T E S T R e v i s i t e d ................. W a y n e S u n g ............ 19
O B S E R V A T I O N S O n V o l u m e II,
I s s u e 7 .......... R o y B u s d i e c k e r ....... 22
B e t t e r L I S T ........................................ F r a n T u r c o ............ 23
ADVERTISERS
A b a c u s S o f t w a r e .............. 9
A i d c o m S o f t w a r e .............. 9
M i c r o S o f t w a r e S y s t e m s ... .16
P E T T E D ......................... 21
R i l e y E n t e r p r i s e s ...............21
H a r r y H B r i l e y .................. 21
P E T P r o s e ......................... 28
A R E S C O P u b l i c a t i o n s . . . . , ......28
1
FOR YOUR GENERAL I N F O R M A T I O N
T H E P A P E R is p u b l i s h e d t e n t i m e s p e r y e a r b y A R E S C O , I n c . , a t
6303 G o l d e n H o ok, C o l u m b i a , MD, 2 1 0 4 4 .
T e l e p h o n e (301) 7 3 0 -
5186 .
T H E P A P E R is m a i l e d to s u b s c r i b e r s d u r i n g t h e l a s t w e e k o f
each m o n t h e x c e p t June and Dec e m b e r .
S i n g l e c o p y p r i c e is
$2 a n d s u b s c r i p t i o n p r i c e is $ 1 5 f o r a l l t e n i s s u e s o f t he
current volume.
S u b s c r i p t i o n s d o n o t c a r r y o v e r f r o m o ne
v o l u m e to t h e n e x t .
S u b s c r i b e r s w h o d o n o t w i s h to o r d e r t he
f u l l v o l u m e s h o u l d send $2 for e a c h i s sue desired.
Renewals
a r e a c c e p t e d d u r i n g t h e l a s t t w o m o n t h s o f the c u r r e n t v o l u m e
y e a r , a n d t h e f i r s t i s s u e o f e a c h v o l u m e is p u b l i s h e d i n Feb.
S u b s c r i p t i o n o r d e r s s h o u l d b e m a i l e d to P 0 B o x 1 1 4 2 , C o l u m b i a
MD, 2 1 0 4 4 i n o r d e r to a s s u r e p r o m p t p r o c e s s i n g .
S e c o n d c l a s s p o s t a g e p a i d i n C o l u m b i a M D 2104-5 ( U S P S 4 5 0 - 9 3 0 ) .
POSTMASTER
S e n d a l l a d d r e s s c h a n g e s to T H E P A P E R , B o x 1142,
Colum b i a MD 21044
T H E P A P E R is n o t a s s o c i a t e d i n a n y w a y w i t h C o m m o d o r e B u s i n e s s
Machines, C o m m o d o r e In t e r n a t i o n a l , or a n y of its a f f i l i a t e d
c o m p a n i e s , a n d C o m m o d o r e is n o t r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e c o n t e n t s
of THE PAPER.
R e a d e r s a r e e n c o u r a g e d to s u b m i t a r x i c l e s o f g e n e r a l i n t e r e s t
to P E T o w n e r s f o r p u b l i c a t i o n i n t h e P A P E R .
Material submitted
m us t be free of c o p y r i g h t r e s t r ictions.
The entire contents
of THE PAPER are copyrighted
c 1 9 8 0 b y A R E S C O , Inc.
SUBSCRIPTION RATES
U S A r e s i d e n t s : $15/1° i s s u e s o f c u r r e n t v o l u m e .
Non-USA resi­
d e n t s s h o u l d i n c l u d e a n a d d i t i o n a l $12 f o r a i r m a i l p o s t a g e i f
desired.
Complete sets of prev i o u s v o l u m e s wil l be available
f o r $ 1 5 / s e t (all t e n i s s u e s o f t h e v o l u m e ) , p l u s p o s t a g e .
No
purchase orders will be accepted for orders; payment must a c ­
c o m p a n y th e a p p l i c a t i o n f o r s u b s c r i p t i o n .
C O D ( v i a U P S ) is
a c c e p t a b l e f o r p r e v i o u s v o l u m e s e t s onl y , a n d t h e p u r c h a s e r
w ill incur the UPS COD charge of $1.15*
P e r s o n a l c h e c k s , MC,
VISA, A m e r i c a n E x p r e s s credit cards, and c a s h are a c c e p t a b l e
means of payment.
Checks drawn on foreign banks should include
a n a m o u n t s u f f i c i e n t to c o v e r t h e c u r r e n t c u r r e n c y e x c h a n g e r a t e .
ADVERTISING
A d r a t e s h e e t s w i l l b e s e n t to i n t e r e s t e d p e r s o n s u p o n r e q u e s t
to T H E P A P E R , P 0 B o x 1 1 4 2 s C o l u m b i a M D 2 1 0 4 4 .
DEALERS
D e a l e r s m a y o r d e r c o m p l e t e s e t s o f t h e p r e v i o u s v o l u m e s as w e l l
as a m i n i m u m o f f i v e ( 5 ) c o p i e s o f e a c h m o n t h ' s c u r r e n t i s s u e .
D e a l e r s are i n v i t e d to i n q u i r e b y m a i l o r b y t e l e p h o n e t o (301)
730-5186
SOFTWARE
S o f t w a r e w r i t t e n f o r a n d d i s t r i b u t e d b y T H E P A P E R is i n t e n d e d f o r
u s e o n the 8K PET, a n d w e d o n o t m a k e a n y c l a i m s t h a t s a i d s o f t w a r
is a p p r o p r i a t e f o r u s e o n a n y o t h e r C o m m o d o r e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m .
READER I/O
T e r r y - I l i k e the PAPER...and. I l o v e the PET!
I've had my
8K u n i t a b o u t a y e a r a n d a h a l f , a n d .just b o u g h t t h e 3 2 K
version.
I a l s o b o u g h t b o t h p r i n t e r s a n d t he 2 0 4 0 d r i v e .
I ' d l i k e to s e e a m o r e c o m p r e h e n s i v e B A S I C i n C P / M , i n c l u d i n g
P R I N T U S I N G , a u t o r e p e a t , a nd a l l the f e a t u r e s i n c o r p o r a t e d
i n t o th e T o o l Kit.
I ' d a l s o l i k e to s e e a m u c h l a r g e r s t o r a g e
device, l i k e r i g i d disks or l a s e r v i d e o disks.
Would you know
of anyt h i n g available?
I just r e c e i v e d the MTU f o u r - p a r t
m u s i c b o a r d and t h e M i m i c D i g i t a l s o u n d b o a r d , b u t h a v e n ' t
g o t t h e m w i r e d u p yet.
I'll kee p you posted if you're i n t e r ­
est e d .
L a s t , b u t n o t l e a s t , I ' l l be h o l d i n g a B A S I C c o u r s e
t h r o u g h t h e l o c a l c o l l e g e i n l a t e Jan, '80.
Any advice?
- B Vince Haluschak
V i n c e - I d o n ' t k n o w o f a n y m a s s s t o r a g e d e v i c e s s u c h as the
o n e s y o u d e s c r i b e - or o f a n y w o r k b e i n g d o n e b r i n g i n g u p C P / M
f o r t h e PET.
I'm sure r e a d e r s w i l l be i n t e r e s t e d i n y o u r m u s i c
a n d s o u n d b o r d r e p o r t s , so b e s u r e a n d l e t us k n o w h o w t h i n g s
w o r k out.
As f o r y o u r B A S I C c l a s s e s , I c a n o n l y s u g g e s t t h a t
y o u a v o i d t r y i n g to t e a c h b e g i n n e r s t he i n n a r d s o f a c o m p u t e r ;
that you move v e r y q u i c k l y pa s t the D a r t m o u t h level commands,
and that y o u give y o u r s tudents a t h o r o u g h f o u n d a t i o n in d e ­
signing programs.
Most people "brute-force" their way through
a p r o g r a m , w h i c h l e n d s I t s e l f v e r y w e l l to l o t s o f
bugs! G o o d
l u c k - an d l e t
us k n o w h o w it g o e s . - T e r r y
T e r r y - I h a v e the P r o g r a m m e r ' s T o o l k i t , w h i c h is f a n t a s t i c
f o r the e d i t i n g of l a r g e or p o o r l y d o c u m e n t e d p r o g r a m s .
David Gibson
Dave - Reports
like this h e l p o ther r e a d e r s d e c i d e
w h a t to buy!
Y o u r l e t t e r is
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of h u n d r e d s we h a v e r e c e i v e d
In
p r a i s e of t h e T o o l k i t .
T h a n k s f o r w r i t i n g , a l l o f you! - T e r r y
T e r r y - I a m a s e r i o u s u s e r o f t h e 3 2 K PET, d u a l f l o p p y , a n d a
tractor feed printer.
I'm u s i n g It in my accounting business,
servicing many clients.
I'm e n c l o s i n g a sample set of reports
g enerated from my s y s t e m 0 The p r o g r a m was w r i t t e n by CMS Software,
5115 M enefee Drive, Dallas, TX 75227*
The p r o g r a m was r e - w r i t t e n
f r o m the general l e d g e r m a n u a l w r i t t e n b y Osb o r n e d for the Wang.
It’
s d e s i g n e d to b e u s e d b y a n y s m a l l b u s i n e s s , CPAs, a n d a c c o u n t ­
ants.
CMS S o f t w a r e h a s a l s o c o m p l e t e d a n A R / A P , a n d P a y r o l l
program (3 programs) designed for small businesses.
I'm satisfied
w i t h m y p u r c h a s e s f r o m CMS!
A l s o , a w o r d of p r a i s e f o r C o m p u t e r
N o o k i n P i n e B r o o k NJ.
I h a d p r o b l e m s w i t h m y PET, a n d t h e y
p r o m p t l y f i x e d it; I ' v e h a d n o t r o u b l e s i n c e .
I n fact, I ' v e
e n j o y e d n e a r p e r f e c t o p e r a t i o n o f b o t h t h e e q u i p m e n t a n d the
software!
I thought you should k n o w h o w pleased I am with all
this, a n d t h a t p e r h a p s y o u ' d p a s s the i n f o r m a t i o n a l o n g to o t h e r s .
- Paul Zervas
P a u l - T h a n k y o u f o r t e l l i n g a l l o f us.
Kno w i n g that there's
a n o t h e r r e p u t a b l e v e n d o r o f g o o d s o f t w a r e w i l l b e o f v a l u e to
a l l P E T o w n ers!
A n d k u d o s to C o m p u t e r Noo k !
- Terry
T e r r y - I t hink y o u r v e r y fine m a g a z i n e s h ould be for beginners!
I, f o r one, n e e d h e l p w i t h m a c h i n e p r o g r a m m i n g o n t h e PET.
How
d o e s on e load, run, a n d u s e a m a c h i n e l a n g u a g e p r o g r a m ?
Your
N o v e m b e r '79 i s s u e h a d a n u m b e r o f s h o r t M L p r o g r a m s , b u t n a r y
a h i n t o n h o w to u s e them.
U s i n g the M L t a p e p r o v i d e d b y C o a c o d o r e o n t h e b a c k o f the S q u i g g l e tape, h o w to I u s e t h e s e p r o ­
grams?
( E X A C T L Y , K E Y S T R O K E B Y K E Y S T R O K E ! !) M a y b e t h i s is a
p r o b l e m to o t h e r s , too.
I f t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n is i n p r i n t s o m e w h e r e ,
p l e a s e l e t me k n o w w h e r e .
A n d y o u m i g h t e n l a r g e the e x p l a n a t i o n
to i n c l u d e the B A S I C p r o g r a m s l o a d e d w i t h D A T A s t a t e m e n t s !
I l i k e to se e p r o g r a m s w i t h l i n e - b y - l i n e e x p l a n a t i o n s f o r a n y
" o dd" r o u t i n e s .
A l s o , p l e a s e do n o t p u b l i s h i n c o r r e c t p r o g r a m s
and listings.
It is m o s t a n n o y i n g f o r u s d u m m i e s to h a v e to
w a i t f o r the c o r r e c t i o n s i n the n e x t i s s u e to f i n d o u t w h a t is
g o i n g on.
F o r e x a m p l e , l i n e 40, p a g e 7 s h o u l d b e P O K E 3 2 7 6 8 + i , i .
E v e n I k n o w that. I t h i n k y o u s h o u l d h a v e c a u g h t this.
(Name
withheld on request)
N W O R - C o m m o d o r e d e a l e r s s h o u l d h a v e c o p i e s o f two b o o k s t h a t
c a n p r o v i d e y o u w i t h th e i n f o y o u n e e d o n m a c h i n e l a n g u a g e p r o ­
gramming.
T h e f i r s t one is the P E T U s e r M a n u a l (and the i n f o r ­
m a t i o n y o u w a n t b e g i n s o n p a g e 91)T h e s e c o n d is c a l l e d s i m p l y
6 5 0 2 P r o g r a m m i n g M a n u a l , and g i v e s y o u a l l t he i n s t r u c t i o n c o d e s
a n d t h e i r m n e m o n i c s (as w e l l as a l o t o f o t h e r g o o d s t u f f ) .
In
BAS I C , the P E E K c o m m a n d l o o k s a t s p e c i f i c m e m o r y l o c a t i o n s , a n d
the P O K E c o m m a n d p u t s d a t a i n t o t h o s e l o c a t i o n s .
F r e q u e n t l y the
pr o g r a m m e r stores that d a t a in D A T A statements, then uses F O R /
N E X T l o o p s to r e a d the d a t a f r o m t he D A T A s t a t e m e n t a n d P O K E it
i n t o m e m o r y . As f o r m y e r r o r s , I h a v e to a d m i t y o u ' r e r i g h t .
I
s h o u l d h a v e c a u g h t it, and I a p o l o g i z e . - T e r r y
Terry - Does anyone manufacturer a dual D/A converter which
w o u l d p l u g i n t o t h e I E E E p o r t as w e l l as t h e u s e r p o r t a n d 2 n d
cassette interface (for power)?
I t c o u l d b e u s e d to d r a w o n a
s t o r a g e o s c i l l o s c o p e o r to m a k e s t e r e o m u s i c .
Arnie Lee wrote
a short note about clocks and timers.
Is t h e r e s o m e w a y to u s e
the m i c r o s e c o n d t i m e r p l u s the j i f f y c l o c k to a c c u r a t e l y m e a s u r e
a fairly lon g time interval?
F or example, e very 1/60 second
could one r e s e t the m i c r o s e c o n d timer in such
a w a y as to c o m ­
pensate
for any delays i n thei n s t r u c t i o n for r esetting? - S t a n
Klein
S t a n - C o n n e c t i c u t M i c r o c o m p u t e r s (203) 7 7 5 - 9 6 5 9 m i g h t h a v e the
A / D c o n v e r t e r s y o u ' r e l o o k i n g for.
T h e y c a n be r e a c h e d at 150
P o c o n o R o a d , B r o o k f i e l d CT 0 6 8 0 4 .
I d o n ’t k n o w e n o u g h a b o u t the
t i m e r s to a n s w e r y o u r s e c o n d q u e s t i o n , so p e r h a p s o n e o f o u r
readers
w i l l be a b l e t o h e l p .
- Terry
Terry C a n y o u s e t a s i d e o ne h o u r a d a y to a n s w e r q u e s t i o n s ?
- Tom Lamb
T o m - Sure.
But I don't have
h a v e th e ol d
8K PET, w i t h the
di s k drive.
B u t I ' l l be g l a d
r e a c h me a t (301) 73° ~5186. -
much in
the w a y o f a n s w e r s .
o l d Oil R O M set; n o p r i n t e r
to h e l p i f Ican, a n d y o u c a n
Terry
We
or
PET USERS
#
^
•
Glenn Schwartz
807 Avon
Philadelphia, PA 19116
St. Louis PET Users
(Mary Perkinson)
(314) 432-5225
Independent PET Group
22 Firs Walk, Tewin Wood
Welsyn, Herts., UK
John Loofbourrow
ACGNJ
(201) 233-7068
Northern V A PET Users
2054 Eakins Ct.
Reston, V A 22091
PET Users Group
2001 Bryan Tower Suite 3800
Dallas, TX 75201
United PET Users
1929 N o rth p o rt Dr. No. 6
Madison, Wl 53704
Shelly W ernikoff
2731 N. Milwaukee Ave.
Chicago, I L 60647
Capital D istrict PET Users
(Ben Green)
(518) 370-1820
Tw in Cities PET Users
(John Fung)
(612) 376-5465
SPHINX
(415) 451-6364
John Jones
2134 NE 45th Avenue
Portland, OR 97213
Vancouver PET User Group
Box 35353, Station E
Vancouver, BC, Canada
PET Users o f Japan
Soichiro Moridaira
Shinsen Park Himu, Rm. 150
4-13 Shensencho
Shibuyaku, Tokyo, Japan 150
Sacramento PET Workshop
P.O. Box 28314
Sacramento, CA
Lincoln Computer Club
750 E. Yosemite
Manteca, Ca 95336
David Liem
14361 Warwick Street
D etroit, Ml 48223
Midpeninsula PUG
Ford Aerospace Cafeteria
3939 Fabian Way
Palo A lto , CA
(415)328-7745 (Harry Saal)
PET NET I
14.24 MHz Sundays
10:00 A.M. Central time
Larry Williams
P.O. Box 652
San A ntonio, TX 78293
BAMUG
1450 53rd Street
Emeryville, CA
PET NET II
7.205 MHz Fridays
9:00 A.M. Pacific time
Richard Prestien
6278 SW 14th Street
Miami, FL 33144
David Smith - NOCCC
3030 Topaz No. A
Fullerton, CA 92631
PACS PET USER GROUP
20th & Olney Street
Phila. PA
Long Island PET Society
Ralph Bressler
Harborfields HS
Taylor Ave.
Greenlawn, NY 11740
NW PET USER'S GROUP
John F. Jones
2134 NE 45th. Avenue
Portland, OR 97213
PET L IB R A R Y
401 Monument Rd. No. 177
Jacksonville, F L A 32211
Utah Pug
Jack Fleck
2236 Washington Blvd.
Ogden, UT 84401
Southeast Connecticut
Pet User Club
% Paul W. Sparks*
13 Lincoln Dr.
Gales Ferry, Ct. 06335
203-464-6266
North London Hobby
Computer Club Press Release
The Polytechnic o f North London
Department o f Electronic and
Communications Engineering
Holloway, London N78DB
PET User Group
Doug Hennig
16 Everett Cres.
Regina, Sask. Canada
S4S 2M7
South Florida PUG
Dave Young
7170 SW 11th St.
W. Hollyw ood, FL 33023
(305) 987-6982
San Diego PUG
c/o D Costarakis
3562 Union St.
San Diego, CA 92103
(714) 235-7626 (7 am - 4 pm)
Gene Planchak
4820 Anne Lane
Sharpsville, PA 15150
(412) 962-9682
SEWPUG
Theodore J. Polczynski
P.O. Box 21851
Milwaukee, Wl 53221
(414) 282-4181
PET User Group
|c/o MICH (Michigan Computer Hackers)
2235 Lakeshore Drive
Muskegon Ml 49441
5
SPEEDING UP THE PRINT STATEMENT
Doug Hennig
T h e PE T P R I N T s t a t e m e n t c a n b e s p e d u p b y a f a c t o r o f a b o u t
f o u r b y u s i n g P O K E 594-58,62 ( P O K E 594-58,30 r e s t o r e s to n o r ­
mal).
H e r e ' s a s h o r t p r o g r a m to d e m o n s t r a t e :
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
P R I N T " / C / " : T I $ = " 0 0 0 0 0 0 " :R E M S E T S C L O C K T O Z E R O
F O R 1=1 T O 800: P R I N T "A " ;:N E X T :R E M F I L L S S C R E E N W I T H 8 00 A s
Z = T I :R E M S E T S Z T O T I M E I N J I F F I E S
F O R 1=1 TO 5 0 0 : N E X T : R E M W A I T S B E F O R E S T A R T I N G A G A I N
POKE 59458,62: REM SETS "FAST MODE"
P R I N T " / c / " T I $ = "0 0 00 00"
F O R 1=1 TO 8 0 0 : P R I N T " A " ;:N E X T
Z 1 = T I :P R I N T " / C / " ;Z ;Z 1 :R E M S H O W S T I M I N G S
P O K E 5 9 4 5 8 s3 0 : R E M S E T S T O N O R M A L
I g e t v a l u e s o f a b o u t 4 0 0 a n d 1 10 j i f f i e s , r e p r e s e n t i n g a n i ncreass in speed of a b o u t four times.
H o w e v e r , one b i g p r o b l e m
w i t h t h i s is t h a t t h e s c r e e n is f i l l e d w i t h t h e e v e r - t e r r i b l e
"snow", u s u a l l a s s o c i a t e d w i t h P O K E i n g the s c r e e n .
One could
u s e t i m i n g d e l a y s to p r e v e n t t h i s , b u t i t ' s c o m p l i c a t e d a n d
c u t s d o w n o n the s p e e d .
I f i n d i t m u c h h a n d i e r to u s e a t r i c k
t h a t is p r e s e n t e d i n t h e P E T U s e r N o t e s , V o l u m e 1, i s s u e 3s b y
W a r r e n D Swan.
I t u s e s P O K E 5 9 4 0 9 , 5 2 to t u r n o f f t he s c r e e n ,
a n d P O K E 5 9 4 0 9 , 6 0 to t u r n t h e s c r e e n b a c k on.
T h e r e is no d i s ­
c e r n i b l e l o s s i n s p e e d w i t h t h i s m e t h o d , a n d it g i v e s the e f ­
fect of instant sc re en write.
T o d e m o n s t r a t e thi s , m a k e t he
f o l l o w i n g c h a n g e s to the p r o g r a m :
65 P O K E 5 9 4 0 9 , 5 2
75 P O K E 59 ^ 09, 60
E v e n t h o u g h t h e P O K E s t a t e m e n t s a r e i n c l u d e d i n the
s t i l l g e t 110 j i f f i e s , a n d s of c o u r s e , n o snow!
timing,
I
I don't k n o w h o w or w h y this works.
A n y o n e c a r e to o f f e r a n
explanation?
A l s o , I n e v e r c h e c k e d to s e e i f t h i s a f f e c t s
u s e o f the c a s s e t t e o r a n y o t h e r I / O f u n c t i o n s , s u c h as is
n o t e d w h e n u s i n g C B - 2 so u n d .
I n the a b o v e p r o g r a m , / c / is c l e a r s c r e e n a n d / d / is c u r s o r d o w n .
MINI-PRODUCT REPORT
(PRODUCT MINI-REPORT?)
Marjorie McKensie
T h e C h a n n e l D a t a S y s t e m we p u r c h a s e d l a s t M a r c h :
No u p d a t e s
h a v e b e e n r e c e i v e d - n o r e s p o n s e to o u r c o r r e s p o n d e n c e .
PIMS works u s i n g flop p y instead of cassette.
D o n ' t t h i n k it
w a s too h a r d - w i l l s e n d l i v e c h a n g e s i f a n y o n e w i s h e s .
Maybe
th ey'll send an i n t e r e s t i n g r o u t i n e in return!
Also, about a
m o n t h ago, w r o t e T e x t c a s t a s k i n g i f t h e i r p r o g r a m w o r k s w i t h
floppy & printer.
So far, n o r e s p o n s e .
FLOATING POINT NUMBERS
•
R e p r i n t e d b y c o u r t e s y of A B A C U S S o f t w a r e .
By Arnie Lee
F l o a t i n g p o i n t v a r i a b l e s m a y a s s u m e f r a c t i o n a l as
w e l l as i n t e g e r v a l u e s .
They are useful because they
m a y take o n v a l u e s w i t h a v e r y w i d e range.
Floating
point variables are specified by default.
If t h e y a r e
n o t i n t e g e r ( ' % ' ) n o r s t r i n g ('$') t h e n t h e v a r i a b l e is
a s s u m e d t o b e of th e f l o a t i n g p o i n t type.
Each floating
p o i n t n u m b e r o c c u p i e s five m e m o r y l ocations i n s i d e the
P E T w h e t h e r it b e a s i n g l e e l e m e n t o r a n a r r a y .
T h e f o r m a t of a f l o a t i n g p o i n t n u m b e r is as f o l l o w s :
e x p o n e n t _____ si<yt
mantissa
_L,
assumed radix point
The exponent occupies one memory location.
The ex­
p o n e n t is a p o w e r of t w o b u t is s t o r e d i n e x c e s s 128
notation.
T h i s m e a n s t h a t 128 h a s b e e n a d d e d to t he
t r u e e x p o n e n t to a l l o w f o r t h e e a s i e r h a n d l i n g o f n e g a ­
tive exponents.
T h u s if t h e e x p o n e n t o f a n u m b e r is 16,
t h e n y o u w o u l d a d d 128 y i e l d i n g 144 = X ' 9 0 1 . T h i s
l a s t v a l u e , X ' 9 0 1 w o u l d b e s t o r e d as t h e f l o a t i n g p o i n t
exponent.
S i m i l a r l y if t h e e x p o n e n t o f a n u m b e r is -12,
t h e n y o u w o u l d a d d 128 y i e l d i n g 116 = X'74' w h i c h y o u
w o u l d s t o r e as t h e f l o a t i n g p o i n t e x p o n e n t .
T h e m a n t i s s a is t h e f r a c t i o n a l p a r t of t h e f l o a t i n g
point number.
It is a l w a y s n o r m a l i z e d .
This means that
the fraction has been adjusted and the exponent likewise
a d j u s t e d u ntil the m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t b i n a r y d i g i t of the
m a n t i s s a is to t h e r i g h t o f t h e a s s u m e d r a d i x p o i n t .
Since PET B A S I C always n o r m a l i z e d the mantissa, the
l e f t m o s t b i t of th e f r a c t i o n is a l w a y s a one.
T h i s is
r e d u n d a n t a n d so t h e p o s i t i o n is u s e d f or a n o t h e r p u r p o s e .
T h i s b i t is u s e d as t h e s i g n b i t f o r t h e n u m b e r .
Thus the
f r a c t i o n h a s a n " a s s u m e d " m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t bit.
A
zero sign bit indicates a posi t i v e floating point
number, w hile a one sign bit indicates a negative
floating point number.
The example b elow shows how you may derive the
r e p r e s e n t a t i o n for a f l oating p oint number.
P R O B L E M - W h a t is t h e f l o a t i n g p o i n t r e p r e s e n t a t i o n
fo r 1 0 0 0 -^q?
7
1)
1 0 0 0 1 0 = 0 0 0 0 0011 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 = X ' 0 3 E 8 *
radix
2)
radix
S h i f t i n g the r a d i x p o i n t t e n p o s i t i o n s to t h e l e f t i n
o r d e r to n o r m a l i z e the f r a c t i o n w h i l e r a i s i n g the e x ­
p o n e n t b y a p o w e r of 10 g i v e s us
.1111 1 010 0000 0000 * 2 10
3)
T he n u m b e r is p o s i t i v e ,
so w e c a n s e t t h e s i g n h i t to z e r o
.0111 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 2 10
4)
5)
T h e e x p o n e n t is ten, b u t i n e x c e s s 1 2 8 n o t a t i o n ,
p o n e n t is 10+128 = 138 = 100 1 0 1 0 2
C o m b i n i n g the e x p o n e n t a n d m a n t i s s a ,
r e s u l t a n t a p p e a r s as f o l l o w s :
the e x ­
w e f i n d t h a t the
1 000 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 oooo 2
which,
i n h e x a d e c i m a l f o r m is 8a 7 A 00 00 0 0 .
6 ) A. n e g a t i v e v a l u e w o u l d h a v e a s i g n b i t o f one.
- I O O O ^ q w o u l d b e r e p r e s e n t e d as
Thus
1 000 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 oooo 2
or 8A F A 00 00 00 i n h e x a d e c i m a l .
Of c o u r s e , P E T B A S I C c a r r i e s the p r e c i s i o n f u r t h e r t h a n the
e x a m p l e s a b o v e h a v e shown, b u t t h e m e t h o d is the same.
As
stated at the beginning, f l o a t i n g point variables may take
on an extremely wide range of values.
By experimenting with
BAS I C , I h a v e f o u n d t h a t the r a n g e f o r t h e P E T is:
PRINT 21126.99999995
to
1 . 7 0 1 4 1 1 7 4 E +38
PRINT 21-127
5.87747176 E-39
FLOATING POINT ARITHMETIC
The f o l l o w i n g d e s c r i p t i o n s are the fun dam e n t a l a rit h m e t i c
o p erations that P E T B ASIC p e r f o r m s on its f l o a t i n g p o i n t
variables.
T h e d e s c r i p t i o n s w i l l a l l o w y o u to u s e t h e s e
routines from a machine language program.
ADDITION
1
2
3
4
FACC = FACC + AFAC
P l a c e t h e f i r s t o p e r a n d i n the f l o a t i n g p o i n t a c c u m u l a t o r .
I n s u r e t h a t the f o r m a t o f t he n u m b e r i n t h e F A C C is n o n true binary.
T h e m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t b i t o f $B1 m u s t b e o f f
if t h e n u m b e r is p o s i t i v e , o r o n i f t he n u m b e r Is n e g a t i v e .
T h e s i g n b i t of $ B 5 m u s t b e o f f i f the n u m b e r is p o s i t i v e
a n d o n i f the n u m b e r is n e g a t i v e .
P l a c e th e s e c o n d o p e r a n d i n t h e a l t e r n a t e f l o a t i n g p o i n t
accumulator.
I n s u r e t h a t the f o r m a t o f t h e n u m b e r i n the A F A C is n o n true binary.
T h e m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t b i t o f $ B 9 a n d t he s i g n
8
b i t o f $ B D m u s t be o f f i f t h e n u m b e r is p o s i t i v e a n d o n i f
t h e n u m b e r is n e g a t i v e .
5 Call subroutine FPADD at $D73P*
T h e s u m is i n t h e F A C C
SUBTRACTION
FACC = AFAC - FACC
1 P l a c e t h e s u b t r a h e n d i n t o t h e A F A C , t h e m i n u e n d i n t o the F A C C
2 I n s u r e t h a t the f o r m a t o f b o t h n u m b e r s is n o n - t r u e b i n a r y
3 Call subroutine FPSUB at $D728.
T he r e s u l t Is i n the FACC.
M U L T I P L I C A T I O N FACC = AFAC * FACC
1 P l a c e the m u l t i p l i c a n d i n t o t h e A F A C , t he m u l t i p l i e r i n t o t h e F A C C
2 I n s u r e t h a t the f o r m a t o f b o t h n u m b e r s is n o n - t r u e b i n a r y
3 Call subroutine
F P M U L T at $ D 9 0 0 .
T he r e s u l t is i n t h e FACC.
DIVISION
FACC = AFAC * FACC
1 P l a c e the d i v i d e n d i n t o the A F A C a n d the d i v i s o r i n t o t he F A C C
2 I n s u r e t h a t the f o r m a t o f b o t h n u m b e r s is n o n - t r u e b i n a r y
3 Call subroutine
F P D I V at $D9j34.
F i n d t h e q u o t i e n t i n t h e FACC.
E X P O N E N T I A T I O N FACC = AFAC ] FACC
1 P l a c e the b a s e i n t o the A F A C , t he e x p o n e n t i n t o t he FACC.
2 I n s u r e t h a t th e f o r m a t o f b o t h n u m b e r s is n o n - t r u e b i n a r y .
3 C a l l s u b r o u t i n e F P E X P at $ D E 2 E
4 F i n d the r e s u l t i n th e F A C C
NEXT MONTH:
ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS
PET' M ACHINE LAN G U AG E GUIDE
PET
c iid c o m
M AC H IN E
LA N G U AG E
G UIDE
S O F T WA R E
C o n te n ts in c lu d e s e c tio n s o n :
PO
• in p u t a n d o u t p u t ro u tin e s .
Box
165
Clarkson
Mississauga,
Ont.
• F i x e d p o in t, flo a t in g p o in t,
a n d A s c ii n u m b e r c o n v e rs io n .
• C lo c k s a n d tim e rs .
• B u i l t - i n a r ith m e tic fu n c tio n s .
• P ro g ra m m in g h in ts a n d sugges­
tio n s .
fA
• M a n y s a m p le p ro g ra m s .
mlcro-GO
823 — 3 2 3 7
9L
S lB .05
This Is t h e first m i c r o c o m p u t e r
GO
program
over I
It
grophically displays a 9x9
Line grid.
Prisoners,
Clock,
and
Move
for B l a c k (th^ c o m p u t e r ) a n d
W h i t e ( h u m a n ).
bridge
I f y o u are in te re s te d in o r a re a lre a d y in to m a c h in e language
sco re s
blackjack
p ro g r a m m in g o n th e P E T , th e n th is in v a lu a b le g u id e is f o r
s 74.95
d e ta ile d so t h a t th e re a d e r can im m e d ia te ly p u t th e m to g o o d
use.
A v a ila b le f o r $ 6 . 9 5 + .7 5 p o sta g e . M ic h ig a n re s id e n ts please
dealer
stands
on
Soft
17
down
cord ( 1 - 9
decks)
surrendor/insurance
permitted
ca rds
§98.95
or
on S o f t
or
or
no d o w n card
not
permitted
11
18
Enter
any Upcard
to g e t t h e D e a l e r ' s
o d d s f o r his p o s s i b l e
totals
( 17 18
19 2 0 21
& bust):
then you
$dge
for
Standing,
Hitting, D o u b lin g d o w n , Pairsplittin g
for
a c c e p te d - g ive c a rd n u m b e r a n d e x p ir a tio n d a te . Q u a n tit y
d is c o u n ts are a v a ila b le .
his
ABACUS SOFTWARE
2 card
AIL
495
odds
S et up
the options to match the
rules of any
CASINO :
d o u b le d o w n on a ny 2
cards
or
o n t o t a l s o f 9,
10,
do ub le do w n after
pair spl itt ing or
no d o u b le d o w n perm itted
y o u . M o re th a n 3 0 o f th e P E T 's b u ilt - in r o u tin e s are f u l l y
P. 0. Box 7211
Grand Rapids, Michiqan
(416)
inter
Board
#•
N S P a i r #. E W
P a i r #.
Contract,Tricks for
each
board played.
The
p r o g r a m s will d i s p l a y the
Score
for
each
hand,
m a t ch p o in t a ll 32
boards
in 1 minute,
print
Pair
Totals (factored, ra n k e d
byd i r e c t i o n & o v e r a l l
f o r 16 T a b l e s )
and
32
Hand
Records. (C o m m o d o re
2022
Printer
recommended.)
Bv ABACUS SOFTWARE
in c lu d e 4% s ta te sales ta x . V IS A a n d M a s te rc h a rg e
Tol.
Postal
Station
LSJ
3Y1
10
Send
totals
PRODUCTS
cheque
(2
CAN
or
to
20;
RUN
money
hard
IN
order.
8K
&
soft).
OLD/NEW
Ont.
ROMS
residents
add
7%
PST
get
theP la y
PRODUCT REVIEW:
COMMODORE WORD PROCESSOR
( E d i t o r ' s N o te:
P h i l i p R e s t a g n o , o f B r o n x , N Y s e n t u s the
f o l l o w i n g l e t t e r p r i n t e d o n the 2 0 2 0 p r i n t e r .
I n o r d e r to
l e t y o u se e the q u a l i t y o f the prints, w e h a v e n o t e d i t e d
Phil's letter.)
Dear Terry..
I would like to extend my subscription to your ggggreat
p a p e r •' THE PAPER. Enclosed.- please find $15 as underpayment for
your informative publication. This CBM word Processor has a
super-sensitive repeat key., which makes it wonderfully easy for­
me to backspace and correct all of the errors it causes.
I have
purposefully kept the accidental g"'s of a 3 *1-3re a t . I should warn
you at this point about my psychological *tuirk which invariably
causes me to later criticize anythins I have once praised; should
this happen., in the course of the completion of this letter.,
please understand., no disp-aragemmeht of your crummy magazine will
be intended.
This Commodore word processor is worth $100. One
has
little idea of the speed of PET until one presses OFF/RVS
followed by cursor down or u p key. Text zips by fast enough to
send Evelyn Wood back to GO without collecting $200. Pane 27 of
Issue 10 Vo I 1 of The Paper <before it began to repeat issue
numbers) has a fine repeat-key routine. There are many other fine
features of this processor: copy., merge, move., tab.. right and
left mar-3 ins, and lots more. I have
not tried them a l b
but
everything I have tried works well.
By now you suspect I am taking the occation of
subscription renewal a little too seriously. Vou can easily
perceive you will die of boredom and/or exhaustion before you can
make it to Vours Truly. Possibly. I have indeed wrestled with my
conscience about subjecting you to this. Unfortunately,
I have
subscribed to The Paper, The Pet User Notes, and The Pet Gazzette
(now. Compute;', for two years always wanting to contribute
something, h MVTHINO. Well, this is it, anything, and your the
unlucky one. Vours is the most voluminous of the three, and it
was thru yours that I found out about the others. The User Notes
has sent me nothing since Vo I 2 Issue 1, a.long time ago; I
can
at this point only logically deduce I paid for volume 2. Its a
great publication too, no, really. Vou
and
Compute
are
up-to-date, as of now, after doubtful periods.
Is it legal for me to pass something wonderful to you
from Compute < Issue 1>? Come to think of it, Jim Butterfield
passed it to Compute from the "Vancouver Group". POKE 59458,62
noticeably speeds u p Pet Basic of both old and new ROMS. My 32N
can be restored to slow with POKE ,30. This did not Prevent me
from ordering the Moser 6502 Macro
Flssemb ler/Text
Editor
yesterday <after drooling over the ad of the Skyles MacroTefi for
three days). I finally decided, since both are in ML and seem to
have the same features, to get the significantly lower priced
item, fit first I wanted the permanency of Skyles ROM. Then I felt
di--k will get the Moser in fast enough, and 32K should e-^i ly
absorb its S'K.
I own the PET JciH, k!040 Floppy, and 2922 Printer.
I
converted from the SK old ROM model, because I could not get the
'-••as-.fttes to work. This d d N has crashed from Basic a. few times,
but I feel it may be due to a. loose p iug and a. lazy suzan. fit
least, I couldn't seem to duplicate a. crash by doing anything
other than jiggle my machine. The Floppy has been to California
and back on what I could only diagnose -as over—heating. They
w r o t e : 6502 Bad I II III IV. It is working now for a. week. Still
gets mighty hot on top. When the waranty is over, I may cut holes
into it. Mine only has vents on tne sides. I would like to sell a.
Computer Mart by stems F'MEl 32K Memory Expansion Board which
worked very nicely on my 8k PET. This lifts an 8k to a full 40k,
y of it addressable throuh ML only. Fits inside the Pet. Plug it
in and code, y o u r s Truly,
Philip Restagno
2910 Be Witt PI
Bronx, NY 10469
REVIEW:
by
TIME TREK
Roy Busdiecker
What characteristics should a game program have in order to be called "good"?
In order to be of lasting value, it must have enough variability in the situ­
ations it presents and alternatives in actions the player can take so it
doesn't get repetitious and boring. To keep interest up, there should be some
excitement ... like things continuing to happen whether you do anything or not.
TIME TREK, developed by Brad Templeton and produced by Personal Software (P.O.
Box 136, Cambridge, MA 02138),
meets both of
those requirements.
Describ
a "real time action game", TIME
TREK is a "good guys versus bad guys"shoot-out
game based on the popular (old) TV space adventure show, Star Trek.
"Real time", in this case, means that your starship moves around the screen
more or less "immediately" in response to the controls you operate. If you
start moving in a certain direction at a particular speed, then you'll keep
going that way at that speed until you change, run out of fuel, run into a star,
or get shot down by a Klingon. You can alter course, fire phasers or torpedoes,
hide behind a star, speed up or
slow down, or
seek out a star base
torefue
The Klingons' aim is very good!
All that may sound like it fills the bill for both variety and excitement, but
it's only the beginning! When the game starts, you choose a difficulty level
from 1 to 9, and you receive a starting supply of energy. Everything that
happens affects your energy reservoir ... moving slowly uses it up very rapidly.
Getting hit by a Klingon weapon takes a big chunk out of the energy supply.
Reach a star base before you run out of energy, and your "fuel tank" will be
topped off.
11
TIME TREK's display is divided into five parts. Across the bcttorr is a command
and activity summary. At middle left is a status indicator for energy, weapons,
and drive display. Above that is a “short range scan", and at the far right is
a "long range scan". Center screen is where the acticr, takas place.
The entire universe of the game, an 8 x 8 matrix of "quadrants", is displayed on
the "long range scan". Each of those quadrants is an £ x 8 matrix of "sectors"
... but you can only see one of those at a time.The sector currently
occupied
by the Enterprise (your starship) is displayed in the center screen. The "short
range scan" gives you limited information about the quadrant you're in and the
eight immediately adjacent to it (how many Klingons, stars, and star bases, but
not where they're located within their quadrants).
If you destroy all the Klingons, you win.
If you run out of energy or stardates, you lose.
While the instructions sound complicated, and it takes a game or two for orien­
tation, play is fairly simple when you get the hang of it. The good part is that
by spending a few extra minutes learning how to play, you have access to a game
with enough variety to occupy yourself for hours.
It's not too hard to beat, but you can't be careless or relax too long (espe­
cially at level 9) or you'll get zapped!
If you enjoy "lunar lander' games, but find they get boring after a while,
you'd probably find TIME TREK a worthwhile addition to your library.
THANK YOU!
W i t h e a c h i s s u e t h a t g o e s o u t to t h e p o s t o f f i c e , I a m so
appreciative of y o u r support that I wish I could sit down
a n d f i n d the t i m e to w r i t e p e r s o n a l " t h a n k - y o u " n o t e s to
e a c h of you.
As y o u d i s c o v e r n e w and e x c i t i n g t h i n g s a b o u t
y o u r PET, a n d w r i t e a n d t e l l m e a b o u t it, I m a k e h u n d r e d s
o f c o p i e s , a n d p a s s y o u r i n f o r m a t i o n a l o n g t o o t h e r PET
owners.
A n d they, i n r e t u r n , s e n d i n t h e i r c o m m e n t s , w h i c h
I a l s o c o p y a n d p a s s a l o n g - to you.
That“
s wh a t this
n e w s l e t t e r is a l l a b o u t :
People supporting other people.
A n d y o u ' v e b e e n as s u p p o r t i n g as a n y " e d i t o r " c o u l d e v e r
wish!
T h a n k you.
T H E P A P E R is the l a s t o f t h e " P E T - o n l y " p u b l i c a t i o n s .
The
U s e r Notes and the G azette were a c q u ire d by Compute.
Even
E r i c R e h n k e ' s 6 5 0 2 U s e r N o t e s is n o l o n g e r a r o u n d ! ( W e _ g o t
m o s t of o u r o r i g i n a l n e w s l e t t e r i d e a s f r o m E r i c ' s N o t e s ! )
They shall all be sor e l y missed, since they were great sources
of good information.
HIMONDIS ON A 16k PET
by Wayne Sung
H I M O N D I S ha s p r o v e n to b e e x t r e m e l y h a n d y as I g r e w to u n d e r ­
s t a n d the i n n e r w o r k i n g s o f the PET.
S i n c e m i n e is a 1 6 k
m a c h i n e , I t h o u g h t I s h o u l d t r y to r e l o c a t e t he p r o g r a m to
t h e 1 6 k b o u n d a r y as a n e x e r c i s e .
T h i s d i d n ' t p r o v e to b e
d i f f i c u l t , a n d the a v a i l a b i l i t y o f a r t i c l e s c o n c e r n i n g r e ­
l o c a t i o n m e a n s t h a t I r e a l l y d o n o t h a v e to e x p l a i n t h i s
change in great detail.
I w o u l d l i k e to m e n t i o n s o m e o t h e r
changes I madej however.
W i t h the a v a i l a b i l i t y o f t he n e w R O M s e t ( w i t h the b u i l t - i n
m o n i t o r ) s o m e of the c o d e c o n t a i n e d i n H I M O N D I S is n o l o n g e r
necessary.
I n f a c t 8 e v e r y t h i n g b e l o w $3E00 (16K version.
In
th e 8K v e r s i o n , $ 1 E 0 0 , a n d so o n t h r o u g h o u t the r e s t
o f this
a r t i c l e ) m a y be e l i m i n a t e d b y s o m e r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e s u b s t i ­
tutions .
L O C A T I O N I N S T R U C T I O N S h o u l d be c h a n g e d to L O C A T I O N I N S T R U C T I O N
3FDE
3FE8
3FEB
3FF0
3E00
JSR
JSR
JSR
LDA
IDA
3C13
3C22
3C^F
12
15
3FDE
3FE8
3FEB
3FF0
3E00
JSR
JSR
JSR
LDA
LDA
E775
E78k
E7A7
FC
14
O n l y t h e s e f i v e c h a n g e s a r e n e e d e d to m a k e a v e r y c o m p a c t
d i s a s s e m b l e r p r o g r a m w o r k w i t h t he n e w R O M m o n i t o r .
The f i r s t
four changes s u b s t i t u t e i n t e r n a l r outines for ones p r e v i o u s l y
contained in user memory.
T h e l a s t c h a n g e c o m p e n s a t e s f o r t he
f a c t t h a t t h e R O M m o n i t o r h e a d i n g is d i f f e r e n t f r o m the tape
m o n i t o r h e a d i n g b y one line.
T h e r e a p p e a r s to b e a p r o b l e m , h o w e v e r , w h e n t h i s p r o g r a m is
u s e d w i t h t h e p r i n t e r to p r o d u c e p r i n t e d d i s a s s e m b l y l i s t i n g s .
The p r i n t e r w o r k s c o r r e c t l y w i t h n o r m a l m o n i t o r c o m m a n d s , b u x
c a l l i n g the d i s a s s e m b l e r r e s u l t s o n l y i n s e v e r a l l i n e s w i t h a
q u e s t i o n m a r k a t the b e g i n n i n g o f e a c h o n e - a n d n o t h i n g else.
T h e r e a s o n t u r n e d o u t to b e t h a t t h e H I M O N D I S n o r m a l l y s e t s
u p f o r the s t a r t i n g a d d r e s s b y w r i t i n g two CRs a n d t h e n c a l l i n g
a d o u b l e b y t e r e a d r o u t i n e to p i c k u p t he a d d r e s s .
W i t h the
p r i n t e r a c t i v e , h o w e v e r , t h e c a r r i a g e r e t u r n s a r e w r i t t e n to the
p r i n t e r , n o t to s c r e e n m e m o r y , a n d w i n d s u p n o t f o r m a t t i n g t he
read properly.
A l s o , the f a c t t h a t a B R K o c c u r s e v e r y 21 l i n e s
isn't n e c e s s a r y for printing.
T h e r e f o r e I made more changes,
so t h a t b o t h s c r e e n a n d p r i n t e r l i s t i n g s c o u l d be a c c o m o d a t e d .
T h e s e c h a n g e s i n c l u d e b o t h a n e w b o d y of c o d e a n d a f e w c h a n g e s
to the e x i s t i n g code.
W i t h t h e s e c h a n g e s , the c a l l f r o m m o n i t o r to d i s a s s e m b l e r b e ­
c o m e s G 3 F E ^ ,S A D R ,E A D R . Be s u r e no e x t r a s p a c e s a r e a d d e d , or
a n e r r o r f l a g (?) w i l l r e s u l t .
T h i s a s s u m e s p r i n t e r o u t p u t b e c a u s e the p r o g r a m w i l l l i s t
u n t i l the E A D R is e q u a l to o r e x c e e d e d d u r i n g the l i s t i n g .
T h e s t o p k e y is a b l e to t e r m i n a t e l i s t i n g .
For l i s t i n g on
t h e s c r e e n , o m i t the E A D R o
G 3 F E 4 , S A D R is s u f f i c i e n t .
This
w i l l p r o d u c e the n o r m a l f u l l s c r e e n l i s t i n g with, a b r e a k a t
the b o t t o m o f the s c r e e n .
This c a n s t i l l be r e s t a r t e d w i t h
a G only.
Th e p r i n t e r is e n a b l e d i n B A S I C d i r e c t b y O P E N 4 , 4 a n d C M D 4.
I t is d e s e l e c t e d w i t h P R I N T # 4 a n d C L O S E 4.
T he c l o s e i s n ' t
n e c e s s a r y u n t i l the e n t i r e p r o g r a m is c o m p l e t e „ N o t e t h a t
e v e n f o r the s c r e e n p r i n t o p t i o n , i f t he p r i n t e r is s t i l l
a c t i v a t e d , i t w i l l p r i n t a n d b r e a k j u s t as the s c r e e n p r i n t
would.
This d o e s n ' t h u r t a n y t h i n g e x c e p t t he l o o k s o f t he
listing.
A d d the f o l l o w i n g c o d e :
3DC7 : STX 44
store address low returned
3DC9 : LDA FC
retrieve address high returned
3DCB: STA 45
store address high
3DCD: JSR FFCF
read next byte
3DD0 : CMP #0D
is it a CR
3DD2: BNE 3DD7 (03)
CR assume screen listing
3DD4: JMP 3FF4
3DD7: JSR E7A7
read ending address
3DDA: STA FD
store low byte returned
3 D B C : LDA FC
retrieve high byte returned
3DD 5 : STA FE
store high byte
3DE0: SEC
3DE1: LDA FD
subtract start (or current) address
3DE3: SBC 44
from ending address to see if
3DE5 : LDA FE
program needs to proceed or exit
3DE7: SBC 45
3DE9 : BCC 3DFD (12) if SA exceeds EA then exit
3DEB: JSR F301
test for stop key
3DEE: BEQ 3DFD (0D)
stop key: exit
3DF0: JSR 3E12
print next line of disassembly
3DF3: JSR 3EEF
modify address locations
3DF6: STA 44
store new address low
3 D F 8 : STY 45
store new address high
3DFA: JMP 3DEO
see if another time around is needed
3DFD: JMP FD56
exit: return to monitor
change these locations:
3FE4 : JSR E7EB
read delimiter and skip
3FE7: JSR E7A7
read start address
3 F E A : BCC 3FEF (03)
if CR then error
3F E C : JMP 3DC7
go and store address returned
3FEF : JMP E7F7
signify error and return to monitor
3FF2 : NOP
3FF 3: NOP
14
A p p a r e n t l y then, L D A V A L f o l l o w e d b y J S R F F D 2 p r i n t s one
c h a r a c t e r ( w h o s e A S C I I v a l u e is V A L ) e i t h e r o n t he s c r e e n
o r o n the p r i n t e r (if the p r i n t e r is a c t i v e ) .
LDA VAL fol­
l o w e d "by J S R E 7 7 5 p r i n t s two c h a r a c t e r s i n hex, the v a l u e s
of w h i c h a r e the t o p f o u r h i t s o f V A L a n d the l o w e r f o u r b i t s
o f VAL.
I d o n ' t y e t k n o w h o w to a c t i v a t e a n d d e s e l e c t t he
p r i n t e r f r o m m a c h i n e language..
C a n someone out there tell
me?
Also - does anybody out there have good success working
w i t h the d i s k a n d m a c h i n e l a n g u a g e t o g e t h e r ?
( E d i t o r ' s not e :
We at A R E S C O d o n o t h a v e the l 6 K PET, o r a
p r i n t e r , so we a r e u n a b l e to a n s w e r W a y n e ' s q u e s t i o n s f o r him.
L e t us k n o w i f y o u h a v e t h e a n s w e r s he n e e d s , a n d p e r h a p s a
l o t of o t h e r p e o p l e w i l l l e a r n f r o m you, t o o l )
Automated Simulations
P .O .
Box
4232,
M o u n ta in
V ie w ,
CA
ANNOUNCES THE RELEASE OF
The Datestones of Ryn
C a n the n o t o r i o u s b a n d i t l e a d e r R e x the R e a v e r e s c a p e w i t h
the p r e c i o u s D A T E S T O N E S O F R Y N ?
Or c a n he be s t o p p e d b e fore
T i m e c e a s e s to e x i s t ?
Th e D A T E S T O N E S O F R Y N is a n e x c i t i n g n e w s o l o f a n t a s y a d v e n ­
ture f r o m A u t o m a t e d Simulations' p o p u l a r DUNJONQUEST"tm series.
T h e D A T E S T O N E S O F R Y N ( p r o n o u n c e d l i n e " r u n e " ) is M i c r o q u e s t '
N u m b e r 1 - a d a r k and d e a d l y l a b y r i n t h of caves and tunnels
w h e r e R e x h a s h i d d e n t h e d a t e s t o n e s s t o l e n f r o m the d u c a l
c a l e n d a r of Ryn.
The p l a y e r competes a g a i n s t friends, family, or h i m s e l f i n
a n a c t i o n - f i l l e d r a c e a g a i n s t t i m e to s e e w h o - i f a n y - c a n
r e s c u e the s t o n e s b e f o r e T i m e i s t e l f s t o p s .
Th e p l a y e r h a s f o u r t e e n o p t i o n s f r o m w h i c h to c h o o s e d u r i n g
the a d v e n t u r e .
A m a p o f the d u n g e o n , d r a w n i n the e x c e l l e n t
g r a p h i c s of the PET, g u i d e s the p l a y e r , w h i l e the c o m p u t e r
k e e p s t r a c k o f the n u m b e r o f s t o n e s a n d o t h e r t r e a s u r e s f o u n d
a n d h a n d l e s a l l th e r u l e s .
A colorul l 6-page illustrated
m anual, p r o g r a m cassette, and c o m m a n d s u m m a r y card are i n c l u d e d
i n t h e p a c k a g e f o r t h e l 6K PET.
A b a r g a i n a t $ l 4 . 9 5 s be s u r e
to w r i t e f o r d e l i v e r y i n f o r m a t i o n b e f o r e o r d e r i n g .
9
15
94040
QUALITY SOFTWARE FOR THE PET*
*P E T u a product ot Com modore Bu sin *ta M achinal, Inc.
***
NOW AVAILABLE FOR MODELS 2001-8, 2001-16, and 2001-32
***
PLEASE SPECIFY YOUR MODEL NUMBER WHEN ORDERING.
+coordination
S W E E - P I N G ' Test your eye-hand
as you control the “flylnq
^CHEQUE-CHECK
Take the
worry ^ f r u s t r a t i o n out of balancing
your y A ^ K ^ ^ a s you let this program
"Remembers"
gu1
and correct
entr/‘
even
mis/
your
prd
checkbox
selection"
time 1f you
use, even beoinners'
practical program that
PET library. £7.95
cursor" to create attractive patterns on
the screen. Make the screen flash white
(or black), make the cursor leave a trail
of blocks or lines, or nothlna at all ...
white on black or reversed.
Cursor
bounces off "walls*. Built-In scorinq,
review instructions on command. Develop
creativity as you invent new games. If
you like to program, this one 1s easy to
modify and use as the basis for your own
programs. A bargain at $5.95
+
Ay
METRI C-CALC'
+
PET into a powerfuJ_
calculator
exports
scl
Met
beti
a ke
one lVj&,c **
^ i * ^ i i i ( f w 8 n calculators
costl\
f a s much. Unlike other
convei\crSTth1s one lets you use results
1n other calculations! $7.95
+
M E M - E X P L O R E R ' * w a n t to
see exactly how and where your proqrams
are stored in PET's memory? It's a snap
with this SOFTOOL KIT’
" product which can
be combined automatically with your own
programs. Startinq at the location you
specify, 1t gives a screenful of
Information ... location address, contents
1n
decimal, character or "token"
Interpretation, and double-byte address,
Integer forms.
Based on the series of
articles by Roy Busdiecker In The Paper,
this version does even more! S7.95
BILLBOARD”
Turn your store window or counter Into
advertising display! With BILLBOARD, you simply type 1n the
(up to 254 characters), then see 1t march across the screen
letters ... even pause, or flash off and on If you like! A
It costs less than a single ad. Order yours today! $49.95
BUY MSS PRODUCTS AT THESE FINE STORES:
1V\C C E w p o r i U H , HcUfln, VA
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C o,
Individual orders sent with payment directly to MSS are shipped via First Class Mall,
at our expense, normally within 24 hours of receipt.
MICRO S O F T W A R E S Y S T E M S
P.O. 80 S 1442, W oodbridg*. V A 22183
>
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Or&et.
,at
16
IN DE FE NS E O F PIMS
by Francis Turco
800 F o l l i n L n
Vienna VA 22180
In the October issue (Vol II, Issue 8, p. 23) Dennis Costarakis
offered his comments on PIMS. He made two points. First, the program will
not perform if you type it exactly as supplied by Mr. Gupta in the PIMS man­
ual. Second, the program is of little value. He recommended it "for general
information to someone brand new to data base management - for general in­
formation only".
The first point although true is certainly not overwhelming. Any­
one familiar with programming his PET in BASIC should have no problem resolving
the error messages. Certainly, nothing approaching "major modifications to the
program". Mr. Gupta did an exemplary job of documenting the program; both with
a flowchart and with comments within the program. The manual is well written
with several chapters devoted to instructing the operator in the use of PIMS.
With regard to the second point, I cannot disagree more. The program
is certainly valuable as an "information manager". Granted, if you are
accustomed to working with IBM's IMS (Information Management System), you will
feel that PIMS falls short. How many PET owners use professional software on
mainframe computers?
The program saves the user the task of developing the routines for
doing such things as creating a file (Save, Load), editing (Add,Delete, Change),
Searches, Sorts, Sums, Selective Summations, and Merging Mailing Lists. These
functions are necessary for managing any sizable amount
of data
and PIMS provide
the PET owner with
a method to implement them.
In particular, the SORT routine is an efficient sort referred to as the
"Shel1-Metzner" sort. This sort algorithm is many times better than the standar
"bubble sort" that a novice programmer would find in 95% of the text books avail­
able on BASIC.1
Our company has utilized PIMS directly on a TRS-80 in the printed
circuits laboratory to maintain an inventory of chemicals and materials, and to
track work orders.
We have modified PIMS to operate on
the PET
in our departmen
and use it to keep track of spare parts lists for Army
contracts. Recognizing
that the PET and PIMS are no match for IBM and IMS, I still feel that PIMS is
the best program I have seen for anyone who wants to do some serious work on
the PET without reinventing all the routines presented in PIMS.
*A comparison of Sorts, John P. Grillo, Creative Computing,
Nov.-Dec. 1976, p. 7
MOD I F I C A T I O N S FOR PIMS
by Chris Kalmbach
Rt 3 Box 111-P
Neosho MO 64850
A l t h o u g h I a g r e e w i t h Mr. C o s t a r a k i s t h a t as p u b l i s h e d , P I M S
c a n n o t be k e y e d i n a n d r u n o n a P E T c o m p u t e r , t he c h a n g e s
r e q u i r e d are n o t m a j o r o r d i f f i c u l t to m a k e .
I would hate
to s e e a n y o n e p a s s u p t h i s e x c e l l e n t a n d u s e f u l p r o g r a m just
b e c a u s e t h e y t h o u g h t it w o u l d n ' t r u n o n t h e i r P E T s .
I purchased my copy of PIMS after reading an excellent review
of the p r o g r a m (by C u r t n e r B A k i n , Jr.) i n the J u n e , 1 9 7 9 i s ­
su e o f K i l o b a u d M i c r o c o m p u t i n g . I n h i s a r t i c l e , Mr. A k i n
d e s c r i b e d n e c e s s a r y c h a n g e s to t h e p r o g r a m .
M y copy of PIMS
c a m e f r o m S c e l b i w i t h s o m e c o r r e c t i o n s r u b b e r - s t a m p e d a t the
end o f the p r o g r a m l i s t i n g .
I n a d d i t i o n to t h e s e c h a n g e s , I
a d d e d a f e w of m y own, to h a n d l e s o m e o f the f o r m a t t i n g p r o b ­
lems.
The o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m l i n e 2 5 0 u s e s the " P R I N T U S I N G "
s t a t e m e n t , w h i c h is n o t i n the P E T ' s v o c a b u l a r y .
I a d d e d the
l i n e s 24-2 t h r o u g h 2 5 0 i n the L i s t O f C h a n g e s to t a k e c a r e of
this.
L i n e s 472, 480, 482, a n d 4 8 4 a l s o m a k e f o r m a t t i n g c h a n g e s
I h a v e n o t i n c l u d e d a n y o f the c h a n g e s t h a t a r e p r i n t e d i n the
P I M S m a n u a l o n p a g e 73*
A f inal notes
M y P E T is r u n n i n g o l d R O M s .
This p r o g r a m may
r e q u i r e o t h e r c h a n g e s to r u n w i t h a n e w R O M set,
Mr. C o n n e l y
(who b r o u g h t to m y
a t t e n t i o n the a r t i c l e b y Mr. C o s t a r a k i s )
h a s the n e w R O M s i n hi s P E T S a n d I ' m c e r t a i n w e c a n s u p p l y
i n f o r m a t i o n f o r c o n v e r s i o n i f a n y o n e is i n t e r e s t e d .
DO
LINE #
Delete
Delete
Add
Add
Add
Change
Change
Add
Change
Add
Add
Change
Change
80
90
24 2
244
24 6
250
260
47 2
480
482
484
99 0
1260
Add
Add
1675
2065
Change
Change
Change
2260
2370
2540
Change
2630
Delete
Delete
3430
3440
DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE
EXPLANATION
N o t u s e d o n the P E T
N o t u s e d o n the P E T
-Takes the p l a c e o f
"PRINT USING" for
formatting
One s p ace b e t w e e n q u otes
-The b a c k s p a c e c h a r a c t e r
-Takes c a r e o f s c r e e n
formatting
One s p a c e b e t w e e e n first
- quotes on line 484
Corrects field display
Lets you back into
command-solicit mode
I
—
No
space between q u o t e s ;
Tl$=" "
F O R Z=1 TO 5 : B $ ( Z ) = "":I__ K e e p s g a r b a g e o u t
NEXT Z
The z e r o i n q u o t e s s h o u l d b e a n a l p h a b e t i c 0.
R e m o v e the c o m m a n d G 0 S U B
GOTO 540
R e t u r n s c o n t r o l to c o m m a n d
s o l i c i t e v e n i f t h e r e is
no r u b o u t
A d d a s e m i - c o l o n b e t w e e n the l a s t q u o t a t i o n m a r k
a n d N$
D e l e t e this line
N o t u s e d o n t he P E T
D e l e t e this line
N o t used o n the PET
D e l e t e this line
D e l e t e this line
I F I <10 T H E N 250
P R I N T I;
GOTO 260
PRINT" ";1 5
PRINT"U." ;
I F I <10 T H E N 4 8 4
P R I N T Ij"||:"»N$(l)
GOTO 490
P R I N T " " ;I ; " s" ; N $ (I )
T$= N $ + T $ + C H R $ (126)
G O T O 540
The r e s t o f t h e n e c e s s a r y c h a n g e s a r e o n p a g e 73 of t h e P I M S
manual.
18
HIMONDIS & R O M TEST REVISITED
by W a y n e S u n g
1.
HIMONDIS:
I did not have any instructions for using HIMONDIS and so I have
always called the disassembler as a separate subroutine entering at 3FE4
(16k vers)
In trying to redo the package for printer, use, imagine my surprise to find a D
command available all along.
I was a little apologetic to say the least. This also
showed that the 16k HIMONDIS I sent you earlier has a problem:
3DB6 should be 3E
and is IE. Considering the fact that I never used the disassembler as a D command
from the Monitor, this particular problem had never been spotted before. Anyway,
the adaptation for printer use will allow either one or two parameters to follow
the D command. One parameter implies the same operation as always. Two parameters
and the listing continues until the address specified in the second parameter has
been exceeded. The call from Monitor will be .D SADR for the normal list and
.D SADR,EADR for the printer list. The modified code is as follows:
3DA9 BO 11
BCS 3DBC
3DBC 85 44
STA 44
3DBE A5 12
LDA 12
3DC0 85 45
STA 45
3DC2 20 CF FF JSR FFCF
was 85 44
STA 44
has same effect as code already present
read delimiter
3DC5 C9 0D
CMP #0D
is it a CR?
3DC7 DO 03
BNE 3DCC
no, go receive next parameter
3DC9 4C AF 3D JMP 3DAF
yes, start list
3DCC 20 4F 3C JSR 3C4F
read next parameter
3DCF 85 06
STA 06
3DD1 A5 12
LDA 12
3DD3 85 07
STA 07
3DD5 38
SEC
3DD6 A5 06
LDA 06
3DD8 E5 44
SBC 44
3DDA A5 07
LDA 07
3DDC E5 45
SBC 45
3DDE 90 12
BCC 3DF2
3DE0 20 2A F3 JSR F32A
3DE3 F0 0D
BEQ 3DF2
3DE5 20 12 3E JSR 3E12
store lo byte of ending address
recall and store hi byte
compare last line address to ending address
more to be printed, but check stop key first
if stop then terminate
print next line
3DE8
20EF 3E
JSR 3EEF
update line address
3DEB
8544
STA 44
3DED
8445
STY 45
store current line address
3DEF
46D5 3D
JMP 3DD5
start another cycle
3DF2
4C57 3A
JMP 3A57
finished, return to
Monitor mainline
8k users can make the same changes by substituting 1 for 3 where underlined.
I am currently trying to make my various versions of disassemblers have more
compatible formats and this is one result. Note that I am ready to use a printer
but I don't have one.
If I did I wouldn't be hand typing program listings.
Question: what are the other three commands in HIMONDIS
2.
(V, O, T ) ? "Expansion"?
ROM Test: I found a copy of a ROM test that you published some time ago.
Combining both sides of the page finally produced a working version.
I would like
to give you the constants for the new machines. Note that I did not use the lines
beyond 570: that is just a different heading and constants for the 019 ROM.
Anyway, ROM TEST IN PROGRESS applies no matter what set. Note also the upgrade ROMs
have different checksums
(in the E block, specifically)
from the large KB units.
For Upgrade ROMs: 540 DATA 82,69,83,83,71,241,191
550 DATA 99,241,121,53,163,167
560 DATA 253,34,148,168,90,73,0
570 DATA 139,18,128,0,0
For -N units
540 DATA 82,69,83,83,71,241,234
550 DATA 99,241,121,53,163,167
560 DATA 5,34,148,168,90,73,0
570 DATA 139,18,128,0,0
The 5 in line 560 does not represent a low checksum.
I suspect it should be 261
which of course overflows to a 5. Within the limits of the original program this
should be OK. Also note that the -N units may have 4 or 5 ROMs as delivered.
is because they are now using 32k ROMs versus the 16k ROMs used previously.
This
The E
block of course is still a 16k unit, however some units have a split F block while
others have only one F ROM.
I suspect the F block checksum should come out the same
anyway but I stand to be corrected.
Question: what is the function of the entries from 73 through the end which are in
lines 560 and 570?
3. The built in Monitor sure is nice. Those of us who have put our trust in
the SAVE procedures and don't verify each save, however, are in for a treat. For
some reason, the first two characters of the name string are stored in the same
locations that the IRQ vector is stored
(the one you see in the Monitor heading).
Immediately after a save, do a R and see that IRQ no longer says E62E but rather
something else depending on the name used. What does this mean? Do not pass go and
do not ... that is to say, do not immediately do a .G after
the Monitor "restores" the machine IRQ according to
a save.
When
you do,
what it finds in its
heading.
By now we all know that this is a meaningless value. Different things happen: on
mine it simply goes off somewhere and sulks. On one large KB unit I tried it
attempted to print another Monitor heading and gets part way done and then goes off
somewhere.
Remedy? Verify each save. Any exit and re-entry to the Monitor reloads
the proper IRQ into the heading. Or, do R and correct it yourself.
It is not
possible to put the proper characters in your name string so that everything comes
out OK. The E6 requires a reverse-field checkerboard and as we all know, reverse
field inside quotes takes at least two positions: one to turn reverse field on
and the other the character you want. Then you have
to turn it back
off...
Question: why did they do that?
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OBSERVATIONS ON VOLUME II, ISSUE 7
by
Roy Busdiecker
Allan Adams letter reminded me of many days, weeks, and months that I spent
feeling the same frustration that he described. Nonetheless, there is some
reason for optimism.
Commodore's change of ROM's was traumatic for all of us. The defects in the
original PET BASIC could have been corrected without the disruption cf
existing software ... but the spectacular work of Butterfield, supplemented
by the cross-references from Russo and Lindsay, has given us most of the
information we need to patch up our old products.
The CBM printer is now availaole. My model 2023 does most of what it's
supposed to do, with the notable exception of being able to adjust the number
of lines per page. That's not as bad as it might seem, since it’
s probably
safer and easier to do formatting in the BASIC program than to use the special
printer controls,, That way, one can make the necessary compensations so the
output can be directed either to screen or to printer. I’
ve not yet been able
to make lower case letters LIST properly, however.
At the Personal Computing 79 show in Philadelphia (Oct 4-7), I saw « new dot­
matrix by Base-2, Inc., (P.O. Box 3548, Fullerton, CA, 92634) that looks like
a winner. In addition to RS-232, 20 ma, and Centronics I/O, it will also work
with the IEEE 488 bus. That means you wouldn't need any special software for
use with the PET ... you could use the built-in CMD and PRINT# functions on
the IEEE port. By varying the print width (by sending a special control
character), the printer will accommodate anywhere from 72 to 132 characters
per line on 9 1/2 inch paper. The good news is that it is priced at $439, or
with tractor feed for $599. The bad news is that cables for connection to PET
are not yet available ... but that's a problem that can be solved!
In addition to the Skyles keyboards and memory expansion, you should take note
of products from two other firms.
Century Research and Marketing (4815 West 77th St., Minneapolis, MN 55435)
makes a nice auxiliary keyboard that plugs into the PET and can either be built
into the PET or mounted in a separate plastic case which the company also sells.
In addition to duplicating the original PET keys, this unit also provides
several duplicate keys around the numeric keypad ,.. you get an extra RETURN,
SHIFT, SPACE, and ? key. It's a handy addition. I believe the keyboard sells
for $109.95, and the case for about $20. Write and check before you order.
For those who want more memory but don't want to modify their PET's, International
Technical Systems (P.O. Box 264, Woodbridge, VA 22194) sells an attractive
cabinet containing an external memory unit that simply plugs into a wall socket
for power (it has its own built-in supply rather than stealing power from the
PET), and plugs into the PET memory port. For $297, you get an extra 8K bytes.
A second model, which can provide up to 32K additional, will be available soon,
but [trice has not yet been announced. The expandable version will also be
available with an extender so that other products, such as certain disk units,
may also be attached to the memory connector,,
In the Decimal to Binary routine on page 12, there's an example of a technique
that can be very useful. While some languages provide an IF...THEN...ELSE
statement, PET BASIC only supports the IF...THEN part; however, there's a
trick available. If you use the colon (:) to put several statements on one
line, and the first statement is an IF...THEN, then the rest of the statements
on that line will execute only if the IF condition is met,, If the last of
those statements is a GOTO, you can skip the next few lines if the condition
is met, but execute them if the condition is not met (since control will not
reach the GOTO). Look at lines 40 to 55 in the routine to see the example.
The article on "Tape Decay" omitted one important warning ... always suspect
the cassette unit first. The heads should be both cleaned (Q-tip and rubbing
alcohol or commercial head cleaner) and demagnetized (demagnetizers available
from Radio Shack, Lafayette, etc.) whenever you begin to have tape problems.
I had my friend, Mike Johnson, all set to realign his recorder, until I
discovered that the problem was dirty heads in mine!
C. L0 Buchanan (5000 Shopton Drive, Camp Springs, MD 20031) has been doing
some very detailed examination of the cassette routines in the NEW ROMS.
Anyone else digging into the same ROM routines might want to share information
with him*
BETTER LIST
by F r a n T u r c o
The LIST routine Commodore supplies with the PET was designed to
list on the CRT. No provision was made for the eventual use of a printer.
We connected a DEC Writer II to our PET through a CyC ADA 1200 interface.
Several problems surfaced immediately.
1) The graphics that would normally appear on the CRT
yield strange results on the printer.
2) The LIST routine has no check for page being full with
subsequent page eject; i.e., there is no Top-Of-Form command.
3) There is no header.
4) The line numbers are left-justified. Consequently, the
of your program does not line up when listed.
text
Attached you will find a listing for a program we call 'BETTER LIST'.
It addresses the described deficiencies as follows:
1) The code for the graphic symbol is listed between braces { }.
(In our documentation we include a REM statement explaining
the code. See line # 63924.)
2)
'BETTER LIST' breaks the text into pages and provides a TOF
command to the printer.
3)
A header is printed at the top of each page. It includes the
date and an optional title (supplied by the user) and auto­
matically numbers the page.
4)
The line number is right justified. Consequently, even if
your line numbers go from 2 to 3 to 4 digits, your text re­
mains lined up. This is especially nice for indented FOR...
NEXT loops such as lines 63946 thru 63966 of 'BETTER LIST'.
A few words of description about 'BETTER LIST':
• Lines 63903 - 63917 write the table of token bytes into memory
for later use to disinterpret the program to be listed.
• Lines 63918 - 63923 initialize variables.
9
Lines
63924- 63942 provide the operator interaction with 'BETTER LIST'.
• Lines
63943- 63966 are the main program instructions that disinterpret
memory and list the findings.
t Lines
63968 - 63978 are the header subroutine.
• Lines
63979- 63987 are the line number calculation subroutine.
t Lines
63988- 63995 provide the key words that will be printed for the
disinterpreted token bytes.
9
Lines 63996 - 63998 are the closing out routine.
Operation is as follows:
1) Load the program you wish to list.
2) Append 'BETTER LIST' to it. (This may be a problem for PET
with a minimal system. We use the Tool Kit APPEND command.
MERGE programs are available.)
3) Type RUN 63999.
owners
Several
Answer questions as they are presented.
We are working on a version of 'BETTER LIST' that will allow operation
on a PET without merging programs. However, considering the frailties of man,
this version may never make it. I hope this version will prove useful for
final documentation purposes. We still use the normal LIST command during
the program development and debug phases and then make a "pretty" copy with
'BETTER LIST'.
BETTER LIST
63896
63897
63898
63899
63900
63 90 1
63902
“ 63903
63904
63 905
63906
63907
63908
I 63909
63910
^ 63 91 1
*2 6 3 9 1 2
^ 63913
63914
63915
63916
-63917
p 63918
•
63919
63920
i 63921
"i 6 3 9 2 2
U 63923
^
r 63924
WM
63925
*
63926
| 63927
C 63928
a. 6 3 9 2 9
$ 63930
f
63 93 1
~ 63932
/ 63933
0 63934
S 63935
w 63936
$ 63937
63938
63939
63940
63 94 1
L 63942
-63943
63944
63945
63946
63947
63948
63949
A 63950
639 51
R E M 'BE T T E R LIST" P R O G R A M B A S E D O N D I S I N T E R P R E T E R BY W A R R E N S W A N ■
REM REFERENCE!
PET USER NOTES VOL 1 ISSUE 3 PAGE 5
REM
R E M S U B M I T T E D BY F R A N T U R C O
REM 800 FDLLIN LANE
R E M V I E N N A ? VA 2 2 1 8 0
REM
D I M O f (255)
C %< 0 ) = c H R * ( 1 3 ) ; R E M D E F I N E C R
F O R 1 = 1 T O 3 1 XR E M D E F I N E U N U S E D K E Y W O R D S
t C $ ( I )= S T R $ ( I )
NEXT I
F O R 1 = 3 2 TO 1 2 7 ; R E M D E F I N E THE C H A R A C T E R SET
I C t <I > = C H R $ < I )
NEXT I
FOR 1-128 TO 2 0 2 ; REM D E F I N E B A S I C V ERBS
; READ C$ ( I )
NEXT I
F O R 1 = 2 0 3 TO 2 5 4 ; R E M D E F I N E U N U S E D K E Y W O R D S
: C$(I>=STR$<I)
NEXT I
C $ (2 5 5 ) --' ■
'PI ' " ;R E M D E F I N E P I
0 = 3 2 7 6 0 ; REM ESTABLISH UPPER LIMIT FOR DISINTERPRETER MEMORY RANGE
REM R E P L A C E 3 2 7 6 0 A B O V E WI T H 8184 FOR 8K PET
L.= 1 0 24 JR E M E S T A B L I S H L.0 W E R L I M I T f:0 R D I S I N T E R P R E I E R M E M 0 R Y R A N G E
SP$=*
P N = 0 JR E M I N I T I A L I Z E P A G E N U M B E R
COUNTER
F L.A G = 0 ; R E M S U f■
1P R E S S P R IN T I N G
R E M 14 7 = C L E A R S Y M B 0 Ly 2 0 9 = D 0 T S Y M B 0 L
F'R I N T ' -C14 7 > “: R E M C L E A R S C:F;E E N
P R IN T 8 S E I..E C T 0 U T F:'U T D E V I C E t '
PRINT “
-12 0 9 > T Y P E 3 F O R C R T “
PRINT 8
-C2093-T Y P E 5 F O R P R I N T E R “
INPUT D
O P E N 5 . D ;R E M O P E N O U T P U T F I L E
P R I NTP R I N T “E N T E R T H E L O W E R £ U P P E R L I N E N U M B E R S "
P R I N T 'O F T H E P R O G R A M Y O U W A N T L I S T E D 8
P R I N T "FOR E X A M P L E ?
Or 6 3 8 0 0
LISTS A L L 8
I N P U T N 1 r N2
P R I N TiPRINT 'ENTER TODAY'S DATE * i
I N P U T D$
p r i n t ;p r i n t
*d o y o u w a n t a h e a d i n g 8 ;
INPUT Y $
IF L E F I $ ( Y$ »1) = "N " T H E N S = 5 0 ;G O T O 6 3 9 4 3
P R I N T J P R I N T " E N T E R D E S I R E D FIEADING *
I N P U T H$
I=L:REM SET UP S T A R T I N G P OINT FOR D I S I N T E R P R E T I N G
G OSUB 6 3 9 6 8 ; REM PRINT HEADER
G O S U B 6 3 9 8 0 JREM C A L C U L A T E AND P R I N T LI N E N U M B E R
F O R I = L + 5 TO U
; P = P E E K f I ) ; R E M E X T R A CI B Y T E F R 0 M
MEM0RY
i IF Q F = 1 A N D P < > 3 4 T H E N 6 3 9 5 2 J R E M S K I P IF Q U O T E W A S N ' T C L O S E D
: IF Q F = 1 A N D P = 3 4 T H E N
QF=OJGOTO
63957
; IF P < > 3 4 T H E N 6 3 9 5 7
; Q F = 1 I R E M SET THE Q UOTE FLAG
1
t
9
25
BETTER I.1ST
2
a
£
63932
6 3V53
6 3954
63v S5
63956
63957
63958
IF
IF
63960
63961
63962
ii
0
63963
63964
63965
63966
63967
63968
63969
63970
63971
63972
63973
63974
63975
63976
63977
63978
63979
63980
63981
P R I N T # 5 >C FI R $ ( 12 ) i K E H F:' R I N I T 0 P 0 F F 0 R M
G0 S U B 6 3 9 6 9 i R E H P R I N T H E A D I N 6
i G O S U B 6 3 9 8 0 J R E M C A L C U L A T E AND P R I N T T H E L I N E N U M B E R
NEXT I
GOTO 6 3 9 9 6
R EM H E A D E R 8 U B R
* C TR-"4 t P N = P N I-1 t RE M I N I T I A L I Z E L . N « C O U N T E R * I N C R P . N . C O U N T E R
t IF
L E F T $ <Y $ , 1 ) = * N • T H E N S - 5 0 % 6 0 T 0 6 3 9 7 5 % F<E M I F N 0 H F A D I N 6 * P R I N TD A
t S=
S - IINNTT <<<( <<
—LEENN <<
R E M C A L C U L A T E S P A C E S TO C E N T E R H E A O I N G
5566—L
FiFT*
t-) ) ) )//22) )++. .55) ) I IREM
F O R K - l TO S i P R I N T ♦5 » * * f I N E X T K
P P I N T # 5 » H% i t R E M P R I N T HE A D I N 6
: S = IN T ( ( S / 2 ) + .5 )
F 0 R K =1 T 0 S t P R I N T # 5 » * “ ? J N E X T
P A G E • ? L E F T $ <S P $ » ( 3 - L E N ( M I D * ( S T R f >
.P N ) ? 2 ) ) ) ) * PN
I P R I N T # 5 1 D$ i “
i F 'R IN T # 5 ;P R IN T * 5
RETURN
REM L I N E N U M B E R C A L C U L A T I O N S U B R O U T I N E
: 1 = 1+4 : REM S K I P T H E 2 P O I N T E R B Y T E S ' ? MOVE TO L I N E - N U M B E R M S B
63982
63983
t
r
lilf
205 6 3 9 8 4
X
r
.0
ui<
L
r-
6 3 9 5 9 ; R Efi CHECK FO E END OF L I IE b l: f o i-: e c l j s j: n g u lj u t E ^
E <9 5 TI-!F N 6 3 9 5 7 5E E ii L i■ A N A S C11 C-HAR > ;i.K J T N E X T L I N E S ®
E E 1:■
>T 1 5 f “ i * } H 1D C( £ I E I <P ) , 2 ) i “ ) • I E L M I D E N I 1 Y G R A P H I C S
P R I N I i 5 , C HR t ( 12 3 >} r11D t ( S I E $ i P ) * 1:) i C H E i- ( 1 2 5 i ?
I F D"-3 T H E N
I F D=5 T H E N
GOTO 6 3 9 6 6
I F FT.. - 1 T H E N P F M N I t 5 ? C $ ( p , } t R e: M P R 1N T I HE i.i i. S 1N I E R i 'R ET f. D I!: Y T .-:
I F P O O T H E N 6 3 9 * io
6 5EE h I F N il! EMU O F --L IN E ? GET NEXT Ci"TE
UF ~ u I REM f URN U!- F I H E U UU f t F L A b
I F F L.-■1 T H E N C T R - C T E i i. i P R I N T * 5 JRh'M J N CR L I N E C T E S DUM P E F T B U F F E R
IF
P E E K ( I T 1 ) ~ 0 AND P E E K ( I + 2 ) =0 T H E N o 3 9 9 6 { R E h L I S T I S C u r i P 1... FT;::.
IF
C T R C 6 0 T H E N 6 3 9 6 5 i R E M I F NOT A T DOT OF P A C E , J f A R f N E X T L I N E
63959
< i
iu<n
x
P=0 THEN
E >31 AND
63985
63986
63987
63988
63989
63990
63991
63992
63993
63994
63995
63996
63997
63998
63999
J
L V - P E E K ( I - 1 ) ♦ REM
FETCH
THE
LSB
H O - P E E K ( I ) J REM F E T C H TH E M SB
♦ L N “ HV# 2 5 6 + L V i R E M C A L C U L A T E THE L I N E NUM BER IN D E C IM A L
} I F LN i.' - N l T H E N F L A G - 1 : R E M E N A B L E P R I N T I N G
♦ I F LN>N2 THEN 6 3 9 9 6 1 REM P A R T I A L L I S T
I S COM PLETE
t I F F L ~ 1 T H E N P R I N T ♦5 . L E F T % <S P * > <6 ■L. £ N < M I D I ( S I R <I N > » 2
RETURN
D A T A E N D t F 0 R * N E X T ? IiA T A ? I N P U T $ ? I N F' U T t D 3. M ? R r A D , L E T
D A TA G O T O •R U N , I F , R E S T O R E » G O S U B , R E T U R N ? R E M ? S T O P
DA I A 0 N , U A I T ? L 0 A D >S A V E » V E R 1 F Y t D E F » P 0 K E » P R I H T *
D A T A P R I N T . CONT ? L I S i » CI...R? C M D » S Y S ? O P E N » C L O S E t G E T
D A T A NEW * T A B ( . TO » F N » S P C <» T H E N ? NOT » S T E P ?+ »'■■■,* , / ? ’
D A T A A N D » OR
. •=- t S G N 1 1 NT ? A B S ? U S R ? F R E » F O S , S O P
DATA R N D , L 0 Lit E X P , C 0 S ? S I N » T A N , A T N ? P E E K » L E N >S I R I
DATA V A L i A S C . C H R * »L E F T * R I GHT$ ? M ID t
P R I N T * 5 » C H R * ( 1 2 ) ? C H R $ ( 1 2 ) J REM
C L O S E S !R E M C LO S E OUTPUT F I L E
EN D
GOTO 6 3 9 0 3
26
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PDPS FILE CREATE
STAT III
DATA RETRIEVAL
DATA EDIT
STAT I
STAT II
SPACE FIGHT
HOSTAGE
AIR-SEA WAR
TUTOR
BASIC COMPLEAT
$15.00
$ 7.95
$10.00
$10.00
$20.00 .
$20.00
$10.00
$ 7.95
$ 7.95 ........
$19.95
$29.95
WAREHOUSE
CHASE
MICROMAZE
BLACKJACK
BLOCKADE
DEFLECTION
STARTREK 2001
XMON
CMC/WPP
TUTOR P A C K A G E •
BAZAAR
$ 7.95
$10.00
$ 7.95
$10.00
$10.00
$10.00
$10.00
$15.00
$29.50
$39.95
$ 7.95
I understand that if any of the programs fail to load, THE PAPER will send me a replacement as soon as I
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Vol I (1978) [ ]
Vol II (1979) [
Vol III (1980) [ ]
** No facilities are available for billing or for C.O.D. delivery. Orders submitted w ithout payment will be
returned. Sorry folks, but nearly 1/10th of the subscribers we have so far asked for billing — and haven't paid
up. If everyone paid in a tim ely fashion, we might be able to reduce the subscription price!
THE PAPER
PO BOX 1142
Columbia, MD 21044
27
IS YO UR COMPUTER SAVING YO U
%
THE M O N E Y IT W AS M EANT TO?
HOW MUCH ENERGY IS YOUR HOUSE REALLY U S IN G ?
PLUG YOUR HOUSE INTO YOUR COMPUTER AND SE E WHAT’S HAPPENING.
YOUR COMPUTER CAN LISTEN TO YOUR HOUSE 24 HOURS A DAY.
Our DAM SYSTEMS modules give your computer
the ability to sense and measure the world around it.
Our AIM16 provides 16 channels of analog input.
Connect pots, joysticks, or whatever appropriate
sensors you have.
Each of the 16 analog inputs, in the range of 0 to
5.12 volts, is converted to a decimal number be­
tween 0 and 255 (20 millivolts per count). Conver­
sion time is 100 microseconds.
Special modules allow direct plugin to your PET,
KIM, TRS-80, APPLE or Motorola D2. Write today for
our latest cataloa of Data Acquisition Modules
ARESCO
P.O. Box 1142
Columbia, M D 21044
TH E PAPER - VIPER
R AIN B OW - SOURCE
---------------- PET PROSE — ----------- 1
There are m any people w ho w ant specialized
a p p lica tio n program s to use on th e ir PETs, b u t w ho are
not know ledg eab le enough to design o r to w rite them .
ADVER TISERS!
The codfish lays ten m illion eggs
The hen lays only one.
The codfish never cackles
To tell you what she's done.
We scorn the low ly codfish,
While the noisy hen we prize;
Which only goes to show you
That is pays to advertise!
If you can w rite s ig n ific a n t so ftw a re in som e
specialized field, and are w illin g to do so, we m ay be
able to help you fin d the people w ho are w illin g to pay
you to w rite prog ra m s fo r them . Send $25. w ith y o u r
name, address, and fie ld o f expertise. The in fo rm a tio n
w ill be published in all the re m a in in g issues o f th is
volum e.
YOU
Gene Polowytsch
72-31 67th Place
Glendale, NY 11385
Could make this space w ork fo r YOU!
THE PAPER
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