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FOR OWNERS OF THE COMMODORE PET™ PERSONAL COMPUTER VO LUM E III, ISSUE 1 AN ARESCO PUBLICATIO N FEBRUARY 1980, $2.00 TABLE OF CONTENTS R e a d e r I / O .....................................................................3 P E T U s e r G r o u p s ............................................................. 5 S p e e d i n g U p The P r i n t S t a t e m e n t .............. D o u g H e n n i g .......... 6 P r o d u c t M i n i - r e p o r t .......................... . . . M a r j o r i e M c K e n s i e . . 6 F l o a t i n g P o i n t N u m b e r s .............. ........... A r n i e L e e ............. 7 Product Review: C o m m o d o r e W P P / 2 0 2 0 P r i n t e r ..P h i l i p R e s t a g n o . . l O Product Reviews T i m e T r e k ..................... R o y B u s d i e c k e r ....... 11 H I M O N D I S o n a 1 6 k P E T ........................... W a y n e S u n g ............ 13 New Product Announcement: Datestones o f R y n ........................1 5 I n D e f e n s e O f P I M S ............................... F r a n T u r c o ............ 17 Modifications F o r P I M S . . . . ..................... C h r i s K a l m b a c h ....... 18 H I M O N D I S & R O M T E S T R e v i s i t e d ................. W a y n e S u n g ............ 19 O B S E R V A T I O N S O n V o l u m e II, I s s u e 7 .......... R o y B u s d i e c k e r ....... 22 B e t t e r L I S T ........................................ F r a n T u r c o ............ 23 ADVERTISERS A b a c u s S o f t w a r e .............. 9 A i d c o m S o f t w a r e .............. 9 M i c r o S o f t w a r e S y s t e m s ... .16 P E T T E D ......................... 21 R i l e y E n t e r p r i s e s ...............21 H a r r y H B r i l e y .................. 21 P E T P r o s e ......................... 28 A R E S C O P u b l i c a t i o n s . . . . , ......28 1 FOR YOUR GENERAL I N F O R M A T I O N T H E P A P E R is p u b l i s h e d t e n t i m e s p e r y e a r b y A R E S C O , I n c . , a t 6303 G o l d e n H o ok, C o l u m b i a , MD, 2 1 0 4 4 . T e l e p h o n e (301) 7 3 0 - 5186 . T H E P A P E R is m a i l e d to s u b s c r i b e r s d u r i n g t h e l a s t w e e k o f each m o n t h e x c e p t June and Dec e m b e r . S i n g l e c o p y p r i c e is $2 a n d s u b s c r i p t i o n p r i c e is $ 1 5 f o r a l l t e n i s s u e s o f t he current volume. S u b s c r i p t i o n s d o n o t c a r r y o v e r f r o m o ne v o l u m e to t h e n e x t . S u b s c r i b e r s w h o d o n o t w i s h to o r d e r t he f u l l v o l u m e s h o u l d send $2 for e a c h i s sue desired. Renewals a r e a c c e p t e d d u r i n g t h e l a s t t w o m o n t h s o f the c u r r e n t v o l u m e y e a r , a n d t h e f i r s t i s s u e o f e a c h v o l u m e is p u b l i s h e d i n Feb. S u b s c r i p t i o n o r d e r s s h o u l d b e m a i l e d to P 0 B o x 1 1 4 2 , C o l u m b i a MD, 2 1 0 4 4 i n o r d e r to a s s u r e p r o m p t p r o c e s s i n g . S e c o n d c l a s s p o s t a g e p a i d i n C o l u m b i a M D 2104-5 ( U S P S 4 5 0 - 9 3 0 ) . POSTMASTER S e n d a l l a d d r e s s c h a n g e s to T H E P A P E R , B o x 1142, Colum b i a MD 21044 T H E P A P E R is n o t a s s o c i a t e d i n a n y w a y w i t h C o m m o d o r e B u s i n e s s Machines, C o m m o d o r e In t e r n a t i o n a l , or a n y of its a f f i l i a t e d c o m p a n i e s , a n d C o m m o d o r e is n o t r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e c o n t e n t s of THE PAPER. R e a d e r s a r e e n c o u r a g e d to s u b m i t a r x i c l e s o f g e n e r a l i n t e r e s t to P E T o w n e r s f o r p u b l i c a t i o n i n t h e P A P E R . Material submitted m us t be free of c o p y r i g h t r e s t r ictions. The entire contents of THE PAPER are copyrighted c 1 9 8 0 b y A R E S C O , Inc. SUBSCRIPTION RATES U S A r e s i d e n t s : $15/1° i s s u e s o f c u r r e n t v o l u m e . Non-USA resi d e n t s s h o u l d i n c l u d e a n a d d i t i o n a l $12 f o r a i r m a i l p o s t a g e i f desired. Complete sets of prev i o u s v o l u m e s wil l be available f o r $ 1 5 / s e t (all t e n i s s u e s o f t h e v o l u m e ) , p l u s p o s t a g e . No purchase orders will be accepted for orders; payment must a c c o m p a n y th e a p p l i c a t i o n f o r s u b s c r i p t i o n . C O D ( v i a U P S ) is a c c e p t a b l e f o r p r e v i o u s v o l u m e s e t s onl y , a n d t h e p u r c h a s e r w ill incur the UPS COD charge of $1.15* P e r s o n a l c h e c k s , MC, VISA, A m e r i c a n E x p r e s s credit cards, and c a s h are a c c e p t a b l e means of payment. Checks drawn on foreign banks should include a n a m o u n t s u f f i c i e n t to c o v e r t h e c u r r e n t c u r r e n c y e x c h a n g e r a t e . ADVERTISING A d r a t e s h e e t s w i l l b e s e n t to i n t e r e s t e d p e r s o n s u p o n r e q u e s t to T H E P A P E R , P 0 B o x 1 1 4 2 s C o l u m b i a M D 2 1 0 4 4 . DEALERS D e a l e r s m a y o r d e r c o m p l e t e s e t s o f t h e p r e v i o u s v o l u m e s as w e l l as a m i n i m u m o f f i v e ( 5 ) c o p i e s o f e a c h m o n t h ' s c u r r e n t i s s u e . D e a l e r s are i n v i t e d to i n q u i r e b y m a i l o r b y t e l e p h o n e t o (301) 730-5186 SOFTWARE S o f t w a r e w r i t t e n f o r a n d d i s t r i b u t e d b y T H E P A P E R is i n t e n d e d f o r u s e o n the 8K PET, a n d w e d o n o t m a k e a n y c l a i m s t h a t s a i d s o f t w a r is a p p r o p r i a t e f o r u s e o n a n y o t h e r C o m m o d o r e c o m p u t e r s y s t e m . READER I/O T e r r y - I l i k e the PAPER...and. I l o v e the PET! I've had my 8K u n i t a b o u t a y e a r a n d a h a l f , a n d .just b o u g h t t h e 3 2 K version. I a l s o b o u g h t b o t h p r i n t e r s a n d t he 2 0 4 0 d r i v e . I ' d l i k e to s e e a m o r e c o m p r e h e n s i v e B A S I C i n C P / M , i n c l u d i n g P R I N T U S I N G , a u t o r e p e a t , a nd a l l the f e a t u r e s i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o th e T o o l Kit. I ' d a l s o l i k e to s e e a m u c h l a r g e r s t o r a g e device, l i k e r i g i d disks or l a s e r v i d e o disks. Would you know of anyt h i n g available? I just r e c e i v e d the MTU f o u r - p a r t m u s i c b o a r d and t h e M i m i c D i g i t a l s o u n d b o a r d , b u t h a v e n ' t g o t t h e m w i r e d u p yet. I'll kee p you posted if you're i n t e r est e d . L a s t , b u t n o t l e a s t , I ' l l be h o l d i n g a B A S I C c o u r s e t h r o u g h t h e l o c a l c o l l e g e i n l a t e Jan, '80. Any advice? - B Vince Haluschak V i n c e - I d o n ' t k n o w o f a n y m a s s s t o r a g e d e v i c e s s u c h as the o n e s y o u d e s c r i b e - or o f a n y w o r k b e i n g d o n e b r i n g i n g u p C P / M f o r t h e PET. I'm sure r e a d e r s w i l l be i n t e r e s t e d i n y o u r m u s i c a n d s o u n d b o r d r e p o r t s , so b e s u r e a n d l e t us k n o w h o w t h i n g s w o r k out. As f o r y o u r B A S I C c l a s s e s , I c a n o n l y s u g g e s t t h a t y o u a v o i d t r y i n g to t e a c h b e g i n n e r s t he i n n a r d s o f a c o m p u t e r ; that you move v e r y q u i c k l y pa s t the D a r t m o u t h level commands, and that y o u give y o u r s tudents a t h o r o u g h f o u n d a t i o n in d e signing programs. Most people "brute-force" their way through a p r o g r a m , w h i c h l e n d s I t s e l f v e r y w e l l to l o t s o f bugs! G o o d l u c k - an d l e t us k n o w h o w it g o e s . - T e r r y T e r r y - I h a v e the P r o g r a m m e r ' s T o o l k i t , w h i c h is f a n t a s t i c f o r the e d i t i n g of l a r g e or p o o r l y d o c u m e n t e d p r o g r a m s . David Gibson Dave - Reports like this h e l p o ther r e a d e r s d e c i d e w h a t to buy! Y o u r l e t t e r is r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of h u n d r e d s we h a v e r e c e i v e d In p r a i s e of t h e T o o l k i t . T h a n k s f o r w r i t i n g , a l l o f you! - T e r r y T e r r y - I a m a s e r i o u s u s e r o f t h e 3 2 K PET, d u a l f l o p p y , a n d a tractor feed printer. I'm u s i n g It in my accounting business, servicing many clients. I'm e n c l o s i n g a sample set of reports g enerated from my s y s t e m 0 The p r o g r a m was w r i t t e n by CMS Software, 5115 M enefee Drive, Dallas, TX 75227* The p r o g r a m was r e - w r i t t e n f r o m the general l e d g e r m a n u a l w r i t t e n b y Osb o r n e d for the Wang. It’ s d e s i g n e d to b e u s e d b y a n y s m a l l b u s i n e s s , CPAs, a n d a c c o u n t ants. CMS S o f t w a r e h a s a l s o c o m p l e t e d a n A R / A P , a n d P a y r o l l program (3 programs) designed for small businesses. I'm satisfied w i t h m y p u r c h a s e s f r o m CMS! A l s o , a w o r d of p r a i s e f o r C o m p u t e r N o o k i n P i n e B r o o k NJ. I h a d p r o b l e m s w i t h m y PET, a n d t h e y p r o m p t l y f i x e d it; I ' v e h a d n o t r o u b l e s i n c e . I n fact, I ' v e e n j o y e d n e a r p e r f e c t o p e r a t i o n o f b o t h t h e e q u i p m e n t a n d the software! I thought you should k n o w h o w pleased I am with all this, a n d t h a t p e r h a p s y o u ' d p a s s the i n f o r m a t i o n a l o n g to o t h e r s . - Paul Zervas P a u l - T h a n k y o u f o r t e l l i n g a l l o f us. Kno w i n g that there's a n o t h e r r e p u t a b l e v e n d o r o f g o o d s o f t w a r e w i l l b e o f v a l u e to a l l P E T o w n ers! A n d k u d o s to C o m p u t e r Noo k ! - Terry T e r r y - I t hink y o u r v e r y fine m a g a z i n e s h ould be for beginners! I, f o r one, n e e d h e l p w i t h m a c h i n e p r o g r a m m i n g o n t h e PET. How d o e s on e load, run, a n d u s e a m a c h i n e l a n g u a g e p r o g r a m ? Your N o v e m b e r '79 i s s u e h a d a n u m b e r o f s h o r t M L p r o g r a m s , b u t n a r y a h i n t o n h o w to u s e them. U s i n g the M L t a p e p r o v i d e d b y C o a c o d o r e o n t h e b a c k o f the S q u i g g l e tape, h o w to I u s e t h e s e p r o grams? ( E X A C T L Y , K E Y S T R O K E B Y K E Y S T R O K E ! !) M a y b e t h i s is a p r o b l e m to o t h e r s , too. I f t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n is i n p r i n t s o m e w h e r e , p l e a s e l e t me k n o w w h e r e . A n d y o u m i g h t e n l a r g e the e x p l a n a t i o n to i n c l u d e the B A S I C p r o g r a m s l o a d e d w i t h D A T A s t a t e m e n t s ! I l i k e to se e p r o g r a m s w i t h l i n e - b y - l i n e e x p l a n a t i o n s f o r a n y " o dd" r o u t i n e s . A l s o , p l e a s e do n o t p u b l i s h i n c o r r e c t p r o g r a m s and listings. It is m o s t a n n o y i n g f o r u s d u m m i e s to h a v e to w a i t f o r the c o r r e c t i o n s i n the n e x t i s s u e to f i n d o u t w h a t is g o i n g on. F o r e x a m p l e , l i n e 40, p a g e 7 s h o u l d b e P O K E 3 2 7 6 8 + i , i . E v e n I k n o w that. I t h i n k y o u s h o u l d h a v e c a u g h t this. (Name withheld on request) N W O R - C o m m o d o r e d e a l e r s s h o u l d h a v e c o p i e s o f two b o o k s t h a t c a n p r o v i d e y o u w i t h th e i n f o y o u n e e d o n m a c h i n e l a n g u a g e p r o gramming. T h e f i r s t one is the P E T U s e r M a n u a l (and the i n f o r m a t i o n y o u w a n t b e g i n s o n p a g e 91)T h e s e c o n d is c a l l e d s i m p l y 6 5 0 2 P r o g r a m m i n g M a n u a l , and g i v e s y o u a l l t he i n s t r u c t i o n c o d e s a n d t h e i r m n e m o n i c s (as w e l l as a l o t o f o t h e r g o o d s t u f f ) . In BAS I C , the P E E K c o m m a n d l o o k s a t s p e c i f i c m e m o r y l o c a t i o n s , a n d the P O K E c o m m a n d p u t s d a t a i n t o t h o s e l o c a t i o n s . F r e q u e n t l y the pr o g r a m m e r stores that d a t a in D A T A statements, then uses F O R / N E X T l o o p s to r e a d the d a t a f r o m t he D A T A s t a t e m e n t a n d P O K E it i n t o m e m o r y . As f o r m y e r r o r s , I h a v e to a d m i t y o u ' r e r i g h t . I s h o u l d h a v e c a u g h t it, and I a p o l o g i z e . - T e r r y Terry - Does anyone manufacturer a dual D/A converter which w o u l d p l u g i n t o t h e I E E E p o r t as w e l l as t h e u s e r p o r t a n d 2 n d cassette interface (for power)? I t c o u l d b e u s e d to d r a w o n a s t o r a g e o s c i l l o s c o p e o r to m a k e s t e r e o m u s i c . Arnie Lee wrote a short note about clocks and timers. Is t h e r e s o m e w a y to u s e the m i c r o s e c o n d t i m e r p l u s the j i f f y c l o c k to a c c u r a t e l y m e a s u r e a fairly lon g time interval? F or example, e very 1/60 second could one r e s e t the m i c r o s e c o n d timer in such a w a y as to c o m pensate for any delays i n thei n s t r u c t i o n for r esetting? - S t a n Klein S t a n - C o n n e c t i c u t M i c r o c o m p u t e r s (203) 7 7 5 - 9 6 5 9 m i g h t h a v e the A / D c o n v e r t e r s y o u ' r e l o o k i n g for. T h e y c a n be r e a c h e d at 150 P o c o n o R o a d , B r o o k f i e l d CT 0 6 8 0 4 . I d o n ’t k n o w e n o u g h a b o u t the t i m e r s to a n s w e r y o u r s e c o n d q u e s t i o n , so p e r h a p s o n e o f o u r readers w i l l be a b l e t o h e l p . - Terry Terry C a n y o u s e t a s i d e o ne h o u r a d a y to a n s w e r q u e s t i o n s ? - Tom Lamb T o m - Sure. But I don't have h a v e th e ol d 8K PET, w i t h the di s k drive. B u t I ' l l be g l a d r e a c h me a t (301) 73° ~5186. - much in the w a y o f a n s w e r s . o l d Oil R O M set; n o p r i n t e r to h e l p i f Ican, a n d y o u c a n Terry We or PET USERS # ^ • Glenn Schwartz 807 Avon Philadelphia, PA 19116 St. Louis PET Users (Mary Perkinson) (314) 432-5225 Independent PET Group 22 Firs Walk, Tewin Wood Welsyn, Herts., UK John Loofbourrow ACGNJ (201) 233-7068 Northern V A PET Users 2054 Eakins Ct. Reston, V A 22091 PET Users Group 2001 Bryan Tower Suite 3800 Dallas, TX 75201 United PET Users 1929 N o rth p o rt Dr. No. 6 Madison, Wl 53704 Shelly W ernikoff 2731 N. Milwaukee Ave. Chicago, I L 60647 Capital D istrict PET Users (Ben Green) (518) 370-1820 Tw in Cities PET Users (John Fung) (612) 376-5465 SPHINX (415) 451-6364 John Jones 2134 NE 45th Avenue Portland, OR 97213 Vancouver PET User Group Box 35353, Station E Vancouver, BC, Canada PET Users o f Japan Soichiro Moridaira Shinsen Park Himu, Rm. 150 4-13 Shensencho Shibuyaku, Tokyo, Japan 150 Sacramento PET Workshop P.O. Box 28314 Sacramento, CA Lincoln Computer Club 750 E. Yosemite Manteca, Ca 95336 David Liem 14361 Warwick Street D etroit, Ml 48223 Midpeninsula PUG Ford Aerospace Cafeteria 3939 Fabian Way Palo A lto , CA (415)328-7745 (Harry Saal) PET NET I 14.24 MHz Sundays 10:00 A.M. Central time Larry Williams P.O. Box 652 San A ntonio, TX 78293 BAMUG 1450 53rd Street Emeryville, CA PET NET II 7.205 MHz Fridays 9:00 A.M. Pacific time Richard Prestien 6278 SW 14th Street Miami, FL 33144 David Smith - NOCCC 3030 Topaz No. A Fullerton, CA 92631 PACS PET USER GROUP 20th & Olney Street Phila. PA Long Island PET Society Ralph Bressler Harborfields HS Taylor Ave. Greenlawn, NY 11740 NW PET USER'S GROUP John F. Jones 2134 NE 45th. Avenue Portland, OR 97213 PET L IB R A R Y 401 Monument Rd. No. 177 Jacksonville, F L A 32211 Utah Pug Jack Fleck 2236 Washington Blvd. Ogden, UT 84401 Southeast Connecticut Pet User Club % Paul W. Sparks* 13 Lincoln Dr. Gales Ferry, Ct. 06335 203-464-6266 North London Hobby Computer Club Press Release The Polytechnic o f North London Department o f Electronic and Communications Engineering Holloway, London N78DB PET User Group Doug Hennig 16 Everett Cres. Regina, Sask. Canada S4S 2M7 South Florida PUG Dave Young 7170 SW 11th St. W. Hollyw ood, FL 33023 (305) 987-6982 San Diego PUG c/o D Costarakis 3562 Union St. San Diego, CA 92103 (714) 235-7626 (7 am - 4 pm) Gene Planchak 4820 Anne Lane Sharpsville, PA 15150 (412) 962-9682 SEWPUG Theodore J. Polczynski P.O. Box 21851 Milwaukee, Wl 53221 (414) 282-4181 PET User Group |c/o MICH (Michigan Computer Hackers) 2235 Lakeshore Drive Muskegon Ml 49441 5 SPEEDING UP THE PRINT STATEMENT Doug Hennig T h e PE T P R I N T s t a t e m e n t c a n b e s p e d u p b y a f a c t o r o f a b o u t f o u r b y u s i n g P O K E 594-58,62 ( P O K E 594-58,30 r e s t o r e s to n o r mal). H e r e ' s a s h o r t p r o g r a m to d e m o n s t r a t e : 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 P R I N T " / C / " : T I $ = " 0 0 0 0 0 0 " :R E M S E T S C L O C K T O Z E R O F O R 1=1 T O 800: P R I N T "A " ;:N E X T :R E M F I L L S S C R E E N W I T H 8 00 A s Z = T I :R E M S E T S Z T O T I M E I N J I F F I E S F O R 1=1 TO 5 0 0 : N E X T : R E M W A I T S B E F O R E S T A R T I N G A G A I N POKE 59458,62: REM SETS "FAST MODE" P R I N T " / c / " T I $ = "0 0 00 00" F O R 1=1 TO 8 0 0 : P R I N T " A " ;:N E X T Z 1 = T I :P R I N T " / C / " ;Z ;Z 1 :R E M S H O W S T I M I N G S P O K E 5 9 4 5 8 s3 0 : R E M S E T S T O N O R M A L I g e t v a l u e s o f a b o u t 4 0 0 a n d 1 10 j i f f i e s , r e p r e s e n t i n g a n i ncreass in speed of a b o u t four times. H o w e v e r , one b i g p r o b l e m w i t h t h i s is t h a t t h e s c r e e n is f i l l e d w i t h t h e e v e r - t e r r i b l e "snow", u s u a l l a s s o c i a t e d w i t h P O K E i n g the s c r e e n . One could u s e t i m i n g d e l a y s to p r e v e n t t h i s , b u t i t ' s c o m p l i c a t e d a n d c u t s d o w n o n the s p e e d . I f i n d i t m u c h h a n d i e r to u s e a t r i c k t h a t is p r e s e n t e d i n t h e P E T U s e r N o t e s , V o l u m e 1, i s s u e 3s b y W a r r e n D Swan. I t u s e s P O K E 5 9 4 0 9 , 5 2 to t u r n o f f t he s c r e e n , a n d P O K E 5 9 4 0 9 , 6 0 to t u r n t h e s c r e e n b a c k on. T h e r e is no d i s c e r n i b l e l o s s i n s p e e d w i t h t h i s m e t h o d , a n d it g i v e s the e f fect of instant sc re en write. T o d e m o n s t r a t e thi s , m a k e t he f o l l o w i n g c h a n g e s to the p r o g r a m : 65 P O K E 5 9 4 0 9 , 5 2 75 P O K E 59 ^ 09, 60 E v e n t h o u g h t h e P O K E s t a t e m e n t s a r e i n c l u d e d i n the s t i l l g e t 110 j i f f i e s , a n d s of c o u r s e , n o snow! timing, I I don't k n o w h o w or w h y this works. A n y o n e c a r e to o f f e r a n explanation? A l s o , I n e v e r c h e c k e d to s e e i f t h i s a f f e c t s u s e o f the c a s s e t t e o r a n y o t h e r I / O f u n c t i o n s , s u c h as is n o t e d w h e n u s i n g C B - 2 so u n d . I n the a b o v e p r o g r a m , / c / is c l e a r s c r e e n a n d / d / is c u r s o r d o w n . MINI-PRODUCT REPORT (PRODUCT MINI-REPORT?) Marjorie McKensie T h e C h a n n e l D a t a S y s t e m we p u r c h a s e d l a s t M a r c h : No u p d a t e s h a v e b e e n r e c e i v e d - n o r e s p o n s e to o u r c o r r e s p o n d e n c e . PIMS works u s i n g flop p y instead of cassette. D o n ' t t h i n k it w a s too h a r d - w i l l s e n d l i v e c h a n g e s i f a n y o n e w i s h e s . Maybe th ey'll send an i n t e r e s t i n g r o u t i n e in return! Also, about a m o n t h ago, w r o t e T e x t c a s t a s k i n g i f t h e i r p r o g r a m w o r k s w i t h floppy & printer. So far, n o r e s p o n s e . FLOATING POINT NUMBERS • R e p r i n t e d b y c o u r t e s y of A B A C U S S o f t w a r e . By Arnie Lee F l o a t i n g p o i n t v a r i a b l e s m a y a s s u m e f r a c t i o n a l as w e l l as i n t e g e r v a l u e s . They are useful because they m a y take o n v a l u e s w i t h a v e r y w i d e range. Floating point variables are specified by default. If t h e y a r e n o t i n t e g e r ( ' % ' ) n o r s t r i n g ('$') t h e n t h e v a r i a b l e is a s s u m e d t o b e of th e f l o a t i n g p o i n t type. Each floating p o i n t n u m b e r o c c u p i e s five m e m o r y l ocations i n s i d e the P E T w h e t h e r it b e a s i n g l e e l e m e n t o r a n a r r a y . T h e f o r m a t of a f l o a t i n g p o i n t n u m b e r is as f o l l o w s : e x p o n e n t _____ si<yt mantissa _L, assumed radix point The exponent occupies one memory location. The ex p o n e n t is a p o w e r of t w o b u t is s t o r e d i n e x c e s s 128 notation. T h i s m e a n s t h a t 128 h a s b e e n a d d e d to t he t r u e e x p o n e n t to a l l o w f o r t h e e a s i e r h a n d l i n g o f n e g a tive exponents. T h u s if t h e e x p o n e n t o f a n u m b e r is 16, t h e n y o u w o u l d a d d 128 y i e l d i n g 144 = X ' 9 0 1 . T h i s l a s t v a l u e , X ' 9 0 1 w o u l d b e s t o r e d as t h e f l o a t i n g p o i n t exponent. S i m i l a r l y if t h e e x p o n e n t o f a n u m b e r is -12, t h e n y o u w o u l d a d d 128 y i e l d i n g 116 = X'74' w h i c h y o u w o u l d s t o r e as t h e f l o a t i n g p o i n t e x p o n e n t . T h e m a n t i s s a is t h e f r a c t i o n a l p a r t of t h e f l o a t i n g point number. It is a l w a y s n o r m a l i z e d . This means that the fraction has been adjusted and the exponent likewise a d j u s t e d u ntil the m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t b i n a r y d i g i t of the m a n t i s s a is to t h e r i g h t o f t h e a s s u m e d r a d i x p o i n t . Since PET B A S I C always n o r m a l i z e d the mantissa, the l e f t m o s t b i t of th e f r a c t i o n is a l w a y s a one. T h i s is r e d u n d a n t a n d so t h e p o s i t i o n is u s e d f or a n o t h e r p u r p o s e . T h i s b i t is u s e d as t h e s i g n b i t f o r t h e n u m b e r . Thus the f r a c t i o n h a s a n " a s s u m e d " m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t bit. A zero sign bit indicates a posi t i v e floating point number, w hile a one sign bit indicates a negative floating point number. The example b elow shows how you may derive the r e p r e s e n t a t i o n for a f l oating p oint number. P R O B L E M - W h a t is t h e f l o a t i n g p o i n t r e p r e s e n t a t i o n fo r 1 0 0 0 -^q? 7 1) 1 0 0 0 1 0 = 0 0 0 0 0011 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 = X ' 0 3 E 8 * radix 2) radix S h i f t i n g the r a d i x p o i n t t e n p o s i t i o n s to t h e l e f t i n o r d e r to n o r m a l i z e the f r a c t i o n w h i l e r a i s i n g the e x p o n e n t b y a p o w e r of 10 g i v e s us .1111 1 010 0000 0000 * 2 10 3) T he n u m b e r is p o s i t i v e , so w e c a n s e t t h e s i g n h i t to z e r o .0111 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 2 10 4) 5) T h e e x p o n e n t is ten, b u t i n e x c e s s 1 2 8 n o t a t i o n , p o n e n t is 10+128 = 138 = 100 1 0 1 0 2 C o m b i n i n g the e x p o n e n t a n d m a n t i s s a , r e s u l t a n t a p p e a r s as f o l l o w s : the e x w e f i n d t h a t the 1 000 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 oooo 2 which, i n h e x a d e c i m a l f o r m is 8a 7 A 00 00 0 0 . 6 ) A. n e g a t i v e v a l u e w o u l d h a v e a s i g n b i t o f one. - I O O O ^ q w o u l d b e r e p r e s e n t e d as Thus 1 000 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 oooo 2 or 8A F A 00 00 00 i n h e x a d e c i m a l . Of c o u r s e , P E T B A S I C c a r r i e s the p r e c i s i o n f u r t h e r t h a n the e x a m p l e s a b o v e h a v e shown, b u t t h e m e t h o d is the same. As stated at the beginning, f l o a t i n g point variables may take on an extremely wide range of values. By experimenting with BAS I C , I h a v e f o u n d t h a t the r a n g e f o r t h e P E T is: PRINT 21126.99999995 to 1 . 7 0 1 4 1 1 7 4 E +38 PRINT 21-127 5.87747176 E-39 FLOATING POINT ARITHMETIC The f o l l o w i n g d e s c r i p t i o n s are the fun dam e n t a l a rit h m e t i c o p erations that P E T B ASIC p e r f o r m s on its f l o a t i n g p o i n t variables. T h e d e s c r i p t i o n s w i l l a l l o w y o u to u s e t h e s e routines from a machine language program. ADDITION 1 2 3 4 FACC = FACC + AFAC P l a c e t h e f i r s t o p e r a n d i n the f l o a t i n g p o i n t a c c u m u l a t o r . I n s u r e t h a t the f o r m a t o f t he n u m b e r i n t h e F A C C is n o n true binary. T h e m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t b i t o f $B1 m u s t b e o f f if t h e n u m b e r is p o s i t i v e , o r o n i f t he n u m b e r Is n e g a t i v e . T h e s i g n b i t of $ B 5 m u s t b e o f f i f the n u m b e r is p o s i t i v e a n d o n i f the n u m b e r is n e g a t i v e . P l a c e th e s e c o n d o p e r a n d i n t h e a l t e r n a t e f l o a t i n g p o i n t accumulator. I n s u r e t h a t the f o r m a t o f t h e n u m b e r i n the A F A C is n o n true binary. T h e m o s t s i g n i f i c a n t b i t o f $ B 9 a n d t he s i g n 8 b i t o f $ B D m u s t be o f f i f t h e n u m b e r is p o s i t i v e a n d o n i f t h e n u m b e r is n e g a t i v e . 5 Call subroutine FPADD at $D73P* T h e s u m is i n t h e F A C C SUBTRACTION FACC = AFAC - FACC 1 P l a c e t h e s u b t r a h e n d i n t o t h e A F A C , t h e m i n u e n d i n t o the F A C C 2 I n s u r e t h a t the f o r m a t o f b o t h n u m b e r s is n o n - t r u e b i n a r y 3 Call subroutine FPSUB at $D728. T he r e s u l t Is i n the FACC. M U L T I P L I C A T I O N FACC = AFAC * FACC 1 P l a c e the m u l t i p l i c a n d i n t o t h e A F A C , t he m u l t i p l i e r i n t o t h e F A C C 2 I n s u r e t h a t the f o r m a t o f b o t h n u m b e r s is n o n - t r u e b i n a r y 3 Call subroutine F P M U L T at $ D 9 0 0 . T he r e s u l t is i n t h e FACC. DIVISION FACC = AFAC * FACC 1 P l a c e the d i v i d e n d i n t o the A F A C a n d the d i v i s o r i n t o t he F A C C 2 I n s u r e t h a t the f o r m a t o f b o t h n u m b e r s is n o n - t r u e b i n a r y 3 Call subroutine F P D I V at $D9j34. F i n d t h e q u o t i e n t i n t h e FACC. E X P O N E N T I A T I O N FACC = AFAC ] FACC 1 P l a c e the b a s e i n t o the A F A C , t he e x p o n e n t i n t o t he FACC. 2 I n s u r e t h a t th e f o r m a t o f b o t h n u m b e r s is n o n - t r u e b i n a r y . 3 C a l l s u b r o u t i n e F P E X P at $ D E 2 E 4 F i n d the r e s u l t i n th e F A C C NEXT MONTH: ARITHMETIC FUNCTIONS PET' M ACHINE LAN G U AG E GUIDE PET c iid c o m M AC H IN E LA N G U AG E G UIDE S O F T WA R E C o n te n ts in c lu d e s e c tio n s o n : PO • in p u t a n d o u t p u t ro u tin e s . Box 165 Clarkson Mississauga, Ont. • F i x e d p o in t, flo a t in g p o in t, a n d A s c ii n u m b e r c o n v e rs io n . • C lo c k s a n d tim e rs . • B u i l t - i n a r ith m e tic fu n c tio n s . • P ro g ra m m in g h in ts a n d sugges tio n s . fA • M a n y s a m p le p ro g ra m s . mlcro-GO 823 — 3 2 3 7 9L S lB .05 This Is t h e first m i c r o c o m p u t e r GO program over I It grophically displays a 9x9 Line grid. Prisoners, Clock, and Move for B l a c k (th^ c o m p u t e r ) a n d W h i t e ( h u m a n ). bridge I f y o u are in te re s te d in o r a re a lre a d y in to m a c h in e language sco re s blackjack p ro g r a m m in g o n th e P E T , th e n th is in v a lu a b le g u id e is f o r s 74.95 d e ta ile d so t h a t th e re a d e r can im m e d ia te ly p u t th e m to g o o d use. A v a ila b le f o r $ 6 . 9 5 + .7 5 p o sta g e . M ic h ig a n re s id e n ts please dealer stands on Soft 17 down cord ( 1 - 9 decks) surrendor/insurance permitted ca rds §98.95 or on S o f t or or no d o w n card not permitted 11 18 Enter any Upcard to g e t t h e D e a l e r ' s o d d s f o r his p o s s i b l e totals ( 17 18 19 2 0 21 & bust): then you $dge for Standing, Hitting, D o u b lin g d o w n , Pairsplittin g for a c c e p te d - g ive c a rd n u m b e r a n d e x p ir a tio n d a te . Q u a n tit y d is c o u n ts are a v a ila b le . his ABACUS SOFTWARE 2 card AIL 495 odds S et up the options to match the rules of any CASINO : d o u b le d o w n on a ny 2 cards or o n t o t a l s o f 9, 10, do ub le do w n after pair spl itt ing or no d o u b le d o w n perm itted y o u . M o re th a n 3 0 o f th e P E T 's b u ilt - in r o u tin e s are f u l l y P. 0. Box 7211 Grand Rapids, Michiqan (416) inter Board #• N S P a i r #. E W P a i r #. Contract,Tricks for each board played. The p r o g r a m s will d i s p l a y the Score for each hand, m a t ch p o in t a ll 32 boards in 1 minute, print Pair Totals (factored, ra n k e d byd i r e c t i o n & o v e r a l l f o r 16 T a b l e s ) and 32 Hand Records. (C o m m o d o re 2022 Printer recommended.) Bv ABACUS SOFTWARE in c lu d e 4% s ta te sales ta x . V IS A a n d M a s te rc h a rg e Tol. Postal Station LSJ 3Y1 10 Send totals PRODUCTS cheque (2 CAN or to 20; RUN money hard IN order. 8K & soft). OLD/NEW Ont. ROMS residents add 7% PST get theP la y PRODUCT REVIEW: COMMODORE WORD PROCESSOR ( E d i t o r ' s N o te: P h i l i p R e s t a g n o , o f B r o n x , N Y s e n t u s the f o l l o w i n g l e t t e r p r i n t e d o n the 2 0 2 0 p r i n t e r . I n o r d e r to l e t y o u se e the q u a l i t y o f the prints, w e h a v e n o t e d i t e d Phil's letter.) Dear Terry.. I would like to extend my subscription to your ggggreat p a p e r •' THE PAPER. Enclosed.- please find $15 as underpayment for your informative publication. This CBM word Processor has a super-sensitive repeat key., which makes it wonderfully easy for me to backspace and correct all of the errors it causes. I have purposefully kept the accidental g"'s of a 3 *1-3re a t . I should warn you at this point about my psychological *tuirk which invariably causes me to later criticize anythins I have once praised; should this happen., in the course of the completion of this letter., please understand., no disp-aragemmeht of your crummy magazine will be intended. This Commodore word processor is worth $100. One has little idea of the speed of PET until one presses OFF/RVS followed by cursor down or u p key. Text zips by fast enough to send Evelyn Wood back to GO without collecting $200. Pane 27 of Issue 10 Vo I 1 of The Paper <before it began to repeat issue numbers) has a fine repeat-key routine. There are many other fine features of this processor: copy., merge, move., tab.. right and left mar-3 ins, and lots more. I have not tried them a l b but everything I have tried works well. By now you suspect I am taking the occation of subscription renewal a little too seriously. Vou can easily perceive you will die of boredom and/or exhaustion before you can make it to Vours Truly. Possibly. I have indeed wrestled with my conscience about subjecting you to this. Unfortunately, I have subscribed to The Paper, The Pet User Notes, and The Pet Gazzette (now. Compute;', for two years always wanting to contribute something, h MVTHINO. Well, this is it, anything, and your the unlucky one. Vours is the most voluminous of the three, and it was thru yours that I found out about the others. The User Notes has sent me nothing since Vo I 2 Issue 1, a.long time ago; I can at this point only logically deduce I paid for volume 2. Its a great publication too, no, really. Vou and Compute are up-to-date, as of now, after doubtful periods. Is it legal for me to pass something wonderful to you from Compute < Issue 1>? Come to think of it, Jim Butterfield passed it to Compute from the "Vancouver Group". POKE 59458,62 noticeably speeds u p Pet Basic of both old and new ROMS. My 32N can be restored to slow with POKE ,30. This did not Prevent me from ordering the Moser 6502 Macro Flssemb ler/Text Editor yesterday <after drooling over the ad of the Skyles MacroTefi for three days). I finally decided, since both are in ML and seem to have the same features, to get the significantly lower priced item, fit first I wanted the permanency of Skyles ROM. Then I felt di--k will get the Moser in fast enough, and 32K should e-^i ly absorb its S'K. I own the PET JciH, k!040 Floppy, and 2922 Printer. I converted from the SK old ROM model, because I could not get the '-••as-.fttes to work. This d d N has crashed from Basic a. few times, but I feel it may be due to a. loose p iug and a. lazy suzan. fit least, I couldn't seem to duplicate a. crash by doing anything other than jiggle my machine. The Floppy has been to California and back on what I could only diagnose -as over—heating. They w r o t e : 6502 Bad I II III IV. It is working now for a. week. Still gets mighty hot on top. When the waranty is over, I may cut holes into it. Mine only has vents on tne sides. I would like to sell a. Computer Mart by stems F'MEl 32K Memory Expansion Board which worked very nicely on my 8k PET. This lifts an 8k to a full 40k, y of it addressable throuh ML only. Fits inside the Pet. Plug it in and code, y o u r s Truly, Philip Restagno 2910 Be Witt PI Bronx, NY 10469 REVIEW: by TIME TREK Roy Busdiecker What characteristics should a game program have in order to be called "good"? In order to be of lasting value, it must have enough variability in the situ ations it presents and alternatives in actions the player can take so it doesn't get repetitious and boring. To keep interest up, there should be some excitement ... like things continuing to happen whether you do anything or not. TIME TREK, developed by Brad Templeton and produced by Personal Software (P.O. Box 136, Cambridge, MA 02138), meets both of those requirements. Describ a "real time action game", TIME TREK is a "good guys versus bad guys"shoot-out game based on the popular (old) TV space adventure show, Star Trek. "Real time", in this case, means that your starship moves around the screen more or less "immediately" in response to the controls you operate. If you start moving in a certain direction at a particular speed, then you'll keep going that way at that speed until you change, run out of fuel, run into a star, or get shot down by a Klingon. You can alter course, fire phasers or torpedoes, hide behind a star, speed up or slow down, or seek out a star base torefue The Klingons' aim is very good! All that may sound like it fills the bill for both variety and excitement, but it's only the beginning! When the game starts, you choose a difficulty level from 1 to 9, and you receive a starting supply of energy. Everything that happens affects your energy reservoir ... moving slowly uses it up very rapidly. Getting hit by a Klingon weapon takes a big chunk out of the energy supply. Reach a star base before you run out of energy, and your "fuel tank" will be topped off. 11 TIME TREK's display is divided into five parts. Across the bcttorr is a command and activity summary. At middle left is a status indicator for energy, weapons, and drive display. Above that is a “short range scan", and at the far right is a "long range scan". Center screen is where the acticr, takas place. The entire universe of the game, an 8 x 8 matrix of "quadrants", is displayed on the "long range scan". Each of those quadrants is an £ x 8 matrix of "sectors" ... but you can only see one of those at a time.The sector currently occupied by the Enterprise (your starship) is displayed in the center screen. The "short range scan" gives you limited information about the quadrant you're in and the eight immediately adjacent to it (how many Klingons, stars, and star bases, but not where they're located within their quadrants). If you destroy all the Klingons, you win. If you run out of energy or stardates, you lose. While the instructions sound complicated, and it takes a game or two for orien tation, play is fairly simple when you get the hang of it. The good part is that by spending a few extra minutes learning how to play, you have access to a game with enough variety to occupy yourself for hours. It's not too hard to beat, but you can't be careless or relax too long (espe cially at level 9) or you'll get zapped! If you enjoy "lunar lander' games, but find they get boring after a while, you'd probably find TIME TREK a worthwhile addition to your library. THANK YOU! W i t h e a c h i s s u e t h a t g o e s o u t to t h e p o s t o f f i c e , I a m so appreciative of y o u r support that I wish I could sit down a n d f i n d the t i m e to w r i t e p e r s o n a l " t h a n k - y o u " n o t e s to e a c h of you. As y o u d i s c o v e r n e w and e x c i t i n g t h i n g s a b o u t y o u r PET, a n d w r i t e a n d t e l l m e a b o u t it, I m a k e h u n d r e d s o f c o p i e s , a n d p a s s y o u r i n f o r m a t i o n a l o n g t o o t h e r PET owners. A n d they, i n r e t u r n , s e n d i n t h e i r c o m m e n t s , w h i c h I a l s o c o p y a n d p a s s a l o n g - to you. That“ s wh a t this n e w s l e t t e r is a l l a b o u t : People supporting other people. A n d y o u ' v e b e e n as s u p p o r t i n g as a n y " e d i t o r " c o u l d e v e r wish! T h a n k you. T H E P A P E R is the l a s t o f t h e " P E T - o n l y " p u b l i c a t i o n s . The U s e r Notes and the G azette were a c q u ire d by Compute. Even E r i c R e h n k e ' s 6 5 0 2 U s e r N o t e s is n o l o n g e r a r o u n d ! ( W e _ g o t m o s t of o u r o r i g i n a l n e w s l e t t e r i d e a s f r o m E r i c ' s N o t e s ! ) They shall all be sor e l y missed, since they were great sources of good information. HIMONDIS ON A 16k PET by Wayne Sung H I M O N D I S ha s p r o v e n to b e e x t r e m e l y h a n d y as I g r e w to u n d e r s t a n d the i n n e r w o r k i n g s o f the PET. S i n c e m i n e is a 1 6 k m a c h i n e , I t h o u g h t I s h o u l d t r y to r e l o c a t e t he p r o g r a m to t h e 1 6 k b o u n d a r y as a n e x e r c i s e . T h i s d i d n ' t p r o v e to b e d i f f i c u l t , a n d the a v a i l a b i l i t y o f a r t i c l e s c o n c e r n i n g r e l o c a t i o n m e a n s t h a t I r e a l l y d o n o t h a v e to e x p l a i n t h i s change in great detail. I w o u l d l i k e to m e n t i o n s o m e o t h e r changes I madej however. W i t h the a v a i l a b i l i t y o f t he n e w R O M s e t ( w i t h the b u i l t - i n m o n i t o r ) s o m e of the c o d e c o n t a i n e d i n H I M O N D I S is n o l o n g e r necessary. I n f a c t 8 e v e r y t h i n g b e l o w $3E00 (16K version. In th e 8K v e r s i o n , $ 1 E 0 0 , a n d so o n t h r o u g h o u t the r e s t o f this a r t i c l e ) m a y be e l i m i n a t e d b y s o m e r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e s u b s t i tutions . L O C A T I O N I N S T R U C T I O N S h o u l d be c h a n g e d to L O C A T I O N I N S T R U C T I O N 3FDE 3FE8 3FEB 3FF0 3E00 JSR JSR JSR LDA IDA 3C13 3C22 3C^F 12 15 3FDE 3FE8 3FEB 3FF0 3E00 JSR JSR JSR LDA LDA E775 E78k E7A7 FC 14 O n l y t h e s e f i v e c h a n g e s a r e n e e d e d to m a k e a v e r y c o m p a c t d i s a s s e m b l e r p r o g r a m w o r k w i t h t he n e w R O M m o n i t o r . The f i r s t four changes s u b s t i t u t e i n t e r n a l r outines for ones p r e v i o u s l y contained in user memory. T h e l a s t c h a n g e c o m p e n s a t e s f o r t he f a c t t h a t t h e R O M m o n i t o r h e a d i n g is d i f f e r e n t f r o m the tape m o n i t o r h e a d i n g b y one line. T h e r e a p p e a r s to b e a p r o b l e m , h o w e v e r , w h e n t h i s p r o g r a m is u s e d w i t h t h e p r i n t e r to p r o d u c e p r i n t e d d i s a s s e m b l y l i s t i n g s . The p r i n t e r w o r k s c o r r e c t l y w i t h n o r m a l m o n i t o r c o m m a n d s , b u x c a l l i n g the d i s a s s e m b l e r r e s u l t s o n l y i n s e v e r a l l i n e s w i t h a q u e s t i o n m a r k a t the b e g i n n i n g o f e a c h o n e - a n d n o t h i n g else. T h e r e a s o n t u r n e d o u t to b e t h a t t h e H I M O N D I S n o r m a l l y s e t s u p f o r the s t a r t i n g a d d r e s s b y w r i t i n g two CRs a n d t h e n c a l l i n g a d o u b l e b y t e r e a d r o u t i n e to p i c k u p t he a d d r e s s . W i t h the p r i n t e r a c t i v e , h o w e v e r , t h e c a r r i a g e r e t u r n s a r e w r i t t e n to the p r i n t e r , n o t to s c r e e n m e m o r y , a n d w i n d s u p n o t f o r m a t t i n g t he read properly. A l s o , the f a c t t h a t a B R K o c c u r s e v e r y 21 l i n e s isn't n e c e s s a r y for printing. T h e r e f o r e I made more changes, so t h a t b o t h s c r e e n a n d p r i n t e r l i s t i n g s c o u l d be a c c o m o d a t e d . T h e s e c h a n g e s i n c l u d e b o t h a n e w b o d y of c o d e a n d a f e w c h a n g e s to the e x i s t i n g code. W i t h t h e s e c h a n g e s , the c a l l f r o m m o n i t o r to d i s a s s e m b l e r b e c o m e s G 3 F E ^ ,S A D R ,E A D R . Be s u r e no e x t r a s p a c e s a r e a d d e d , or a n e r r o r f l a g (?) w i l l r e s u l t . T h i s a s s u m e s p r i n t e r o u t p u t b e c a u s e the p r o g r a m w i l l l i s t u n t i l the E A D R is e q u a l to o r e x c e e d e d d u r i n g the l i s t i n g . T h e s t o p k e y is a b l e to t e r m i n a t e l i s t i n g . For l i s t i n g on t h e s c r e e n , o m i t the E A D R o G 3 F E 4 , S A D R is s u f f i c i e n t . This w i l l p r o d u c e the n o r m a l f u l l s c r e e n l i s t i n g with, a b r e a k a t the b o t t o m o f the s c r e e n . This c a n s t i l l be r e s t a r t e d w i t h a G only. Th e p r i n t e r is e n a b l e d i n B A S I C d i r e c t b y O P E N 4 , 4 a n d C M D 4. I t is d e s e l e c t e d w i t h P R I N T # 4 a n d C L O S E 4. T he c l o s e i s n ' t n e c e s s a r y u n t i l the e n t i r e p r o g r a m is c o m p l e t e „ N o t e t h a t e v e n f o r the s c r e e n p r i n t o p t i o n , i f t he p r i n t e r is s t i l l a c t i v a t e d , i t w i l l p r i n t a n d b r e a k j u s t as the s c r e e n p r i n t would. This d o e s n ' t h u r t a n y t h i n g e x c e p t t he l o o k s o f t he listing. A d d the f o l l o w i n g c o d e : 3DC7 : STX 44 store address low returned 3DC9 : LDA FC retrieve address high returned 3DCB: STA 45 store address high 3DCD: JSR FFCF read next byte 3DD0 : CMP #0D is it a CR 3DD2: BNE 3DD7 (03) CR assume screen listing 3DD4: JMP 3FF4 3DD7: JSR E7A7 read ending address 3DDA: STA FD store low byte returned 3 D B C : LDA FC retrieve high byte returned 3DD 5 : STA FE store high byte 3DE0: SEC 3DE1: LDA FD subtract start (or current) address 3DE3: SBC 44 from ending address to see if 3DE5 : LDA FE program needs to proceed or exit 3DE7: SBC 45 3DE9 : BCC 3DFD (12) if SA exceeds EA then exit 3DEB: JSR F301 test for stop key 3DEE: BEQ 3DFD (0D) stop key: exit 3DF0: JSR 3E12 print next line of disassembly 3DF3: JSR 3EEF modify address locations 3DF6: STA 44 store new address low 3 D F 8 : STY 45 store new address high 3DFA: JMP 3DEO see if another time around is needed 3DFD: JMP FD56 exit: return to monitor change these locations: 3FE4 : JSR E7EB read delimiter and skip 3FE7: JSR E7A7 read start address 3 F E A : BCC 3FEF (03) if CR then error 3F E C : JMP 3DC7 go and store address returned 3FEF : JMP E7F7 signify error and return to monitor 3FF2 : NOP 3FF 3: NOP 14 A p p a r e n t l y then, L D A V A L f o l l o w e d b y J S R F F D 2 p r i n t s one c h a r a c t e r ( w h o s e A S C I I v a l u e is V A L ) e i t h e r o n t he s c r e e n o r o n the p r i n t e r (if the p r i n t e r is a c t i v e ) . LDA VAL fol l o w e d "by J S R E 7 7 5 p r i n t s two c h a r a c t e r s i n hex, the v a l u e s of w h i c h a r e the t o p f o u r h i t s o f V A L a n d the l o w e r f o u r b i t s o f VAL. I d o n ' t y e t k n o w h o w to a c t i v a t e a n d d e s e l e c t t he p r i n t e r f r o m m a c h i n e language.. C a n someone out there tell me? Also - does anybody out there have good success working w i t h the d i s k a n d m a c h i n e l a n g u a g e t o g e t h e r ? ( E d i t o r ' s not e : We at A R E S C O d o n o t h a v e the l 6 K PET, o r a p r i n t e r , so we a r e u n a b l e to a n s w e r W a y n e ' s q u e s t i o n s f o r him. L e t us k n o w i f y o u h a v e t h e a n s w e r s he n e e d s , a n d p e r h a p s a l o t of o t h e r p e o p l e w i l l l e a r n f r o m you, t o o l ) Automated Simulations P .O . Box 4232, M o u n ta in V ie w , CA ANNOUNCES THE RELEASE OF The Datestones of Ryn C a n the n o t o r i o u s b a n d i t l e a d e r R e x the R e a v e r e s c a p e w i t h the p r e c i o u s D A T E S T O N E S O F R Y N ? Or c a n he be s t o p p e d b e fore T i m e c e a s e s to e x i s t ? Th e D A T E S T O N E S O F R Y N is a n e x c i t i n g n e w s o l o f a n t a s y a d v e n ture f r o m A u t o m a t e d Simulations' p o p u l a r DUNJONQUEST"tm series. T h e D A T E S T O N E S O F R Y N ( p r o n o u n c e d l i n e " r u n e " ) is M i c r o q u e s t ' N u m b e r 1 - a d a r k and d e a d l y l a b y r i n t h of caves and tunnels w h e r e R e x h a s h i d d e n t h e d a t e s t o n e s s t o l e n f r o m the d u c a l c a l e n d a r of Ryn. The p l a y e r competes a g a i n s t friends, family, or h i m s e l f i n a n a c t i o n - f i l l e d r a c e a g a i n s t t i m e to s e e w h o - i f a n y - c a n r e s c u e the s t o n e s b e f o r e T i m e i s t e l f s t o p s . Th e p l a y e r h a s f o u r t e e n o p t i o n s f r o m w h i c h to c h o o s e d u r i n g the a d v e n t u r e . A m a p o f the d u n g e o n , d r a w n i n the e x c e l l e n t g r a p h i c s of the PET, g u i d e s the p l a y e r , w h i l e the c o m p u t e r k e e p s t r a c k o f the n u m b e r o f s t o n e s a n d o t h e r t r e a s u r e s f o u n d a n d h a n d l e s a l l th e r u l e s . A colorul l 6-page illustrated m anual, p r o g r a m cassette, and c o m m a n d s u m m a r y card are i n c l u d e d i n t h e p a c k a g e f o r t h e l 6K PET. A b a r g a i n a t $ l 4 . 9 5 s be s u r e to w r i t e f o r d e l i v e r y i n f o r m a t i o n b e f o r e o r d e r i n g . 9 15 94040 QUALITY SOFTWARE FOR THE PET* *P E T u a product ot Com modore Bu sin *ta M achinal, Inc. *** NOW AVAILABLE FOR MODELS 2001-8, 2001-16, and 2001-32 *** PLEASE SPECIFY YOUR MODEL NUMBER WHEN ORDERING. +coordination S W E E - P I N G ' Test your eye-hand as you control the “flylnq ^CHEQUE-CHECK Take the worry ^ f r u s t r a t i o n out of balancing your y A ^ K ^ ^ a s you let this program "Remembers" gu1 and correct entr/‘ even mis/ your prd checkbox selection" time 1f you use, even beoinners' practical program that PET library. £7.95 cursor" to create attractive patterns on the screen. Make the screen flash white (or black), make the cursor leave a trail of blocks or lines, or nothlna at all ... white on black or reversed. Cursor bounces off "walls*. Built-In scorinq, review instructions on command. Develop creativity as you invent new games. If you like to program, this one 1s easy to modify and use as the basis for your own programs. A bargain at $5.95 + Ay METRI C-CALC' + PET into a powerfuJ_ calculator exports scl Met beti a ke one lVj&,c ** ^ i * ^ i i i ( f w 8 n calculators costl\ f a s much. Unlike other convei\crSTth1s one lets you use results 1n other calculations! $7.95 + M E M - E X P L O R E R ' * w a n t to see exactly how and where your proqrams are stored in PET's memory? It's a snap with this SOFTOOL KIT’ " product which can be combined automatically with your own programs. Startinq at the location you specify, 1t gives a screenful of Information ... location address, contents 1n decimal, character or "token" Interpretation, and double-byte address, Integer forms. Based on the series of articles by Roy Busdiecker In The Paper, this version does even more! S7.95 BILLBOARD” Turn your store window or counter Into advertising display! With BILLBOARD, you simply type 1n the (up to 254 characters), then see 1t march across the screen letters ... even pause, or flash off and on If you like! A It costs less than a single ad. Order yours today! $49.95 BUY MSS PRODUCTS AT THESE FINE STORES: 1V\C C E w p o r i U H , HcUfln, VA Co«''>pu>er% Ptu* x ^lex.ow>d*'ialVA ?>+o»\elr>ev'fj<r C o, Individual orders sent with payment directly to MSS are shipped via First Class Mall, at our expense, normally within 24 hours of receipt. MICRO S O F T W A R E S Y S T E M S P.O. 80 S 1442, W oodbridg*. V A 22183 > «<M «»». DmIw I n q u i r e s 6n«lt«S. l*JTeRMAT'owAt OCDePS: Pfc-V•ovC^ect d<reju)*o« Or&et. ,at 16 IN DE FE NS E O F PIMS by Francis Turco 800 F o l l i n L n Vienna VA 22180 In the October issue (Vol II, Issue 8, p. 23) Dennis Costarakis offered his comments on PIMS. He made two points. First, the program will not perform if you type it exactly as supplied by Mr. Gupta in the PIMS man ual. Second, the program is of little value. He recommended it "for general information to someone brand new to data base management - for general in formation only". The first point although true is certainly not overwhelming. Any one familiar with programming his PET in BASIC should have no problem resolving the error messages. Certainly, nothing approaching "major modifications to the program". Mr. Gupta did an exemplary job of documenting the program; both with a flowchart and with comments within the program. The manual is well written with several chapters devoted to instructing the operator in the use of PIMS. With regard to the second point, I cannot disagree more. The program is certainly valuable as an "information manager". Granted, if you are accustomed to working with IBM's IMS (Information Management System), you will feel that PIMS falls short. How many PET owners use professional software on mainframe computers? The program saves the user the task of developing the routines for doing such things as creating a file (Save, Load), editing (Add,Delete, Change), Searches, Sorts, Sums, Selective Summations, and Merging Mailing Lists. These functions are necessary for managing any sizable amount of data and PIMS provide the PET owner with a method to implement them. In particular, the SORT routine is an efficient sort referred to as the "Shel1-Metzner" sort. This sort algorithm is many times better than the standar "bubble sort" that a novice programmer would find in 95% of the text books avail able on BASIC.1 Our company has utilized PIMS directly on a TRS-80 in the printed circuits laboratory to maintain an inventory of chemicals and materials, and to track work orders. We have modified PIMS to operate on the PET in our departmen and use it to keep track of spare parts lists for Army contracts. Recognizing that the PET and PIMS are no match for IBM and IMS, I still feel that PIMS is the best program I have seen for anyone who wants to do some serious work on the PET without reinventing all the routines presented in PIMS. *A comparison of Sorts, John P. Grillo, Creative Computing, Nov.-Dec. 1976, p. 7 MOD I F I C A T I O N S FOR PIMS by Chris Kalmbach Rt 3 Box 111-P Neosho MO 64850 A l t h o u g h I a g r e e w i t h Mr. C o s t a r a k i s t h a t as p u b l i s h e d , P I M S c a n n o t be k e y e d i n a n d r u n o n a P E T c o m p u t e r , t he c h a n g e s r e q u i r e d are n o t m a j o r o r d i f f i c u l t to m a k e . I would hate to s e e a n y o n e p a s s u p t h i s e x c e l l e n t a n d u s e f u l p r o g r a m just b e c a u s e t h e y t h o u g h t it w o u l d n ' t r u n o n t h e i r P E T s . I purchased my copy of PIMS after reading an excellent review of the p r o g r a m (by C u r t n e r B A k i n , Jr.) i n the J u n e , 1 9 7 9 i s su e o f K i l o b a u d M i c r o c o m p u t i n g . I n h i s a r t i c l e , Mr. A k i n d e s c r i b e d n e c e s s a r y c h a n g e s to t h e p r o g r a m . M y copy of PIMS c a m e f r o m S c e l b i w i t h s o m e c o r r e c t i o n s r u b b e r - s t a m p e d a t the end o f the p r o g r a m l i s t i n g . I n a d d i t i o n to t h e s e c h a n g e s , I a d d e d a f e w of m y own, to h a n d l e s o m e o f the f o r m a t t i n g p r o b lems. The o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m l i n e 2 5 0 u s e s the " P R I N T U S I N G " s t a t e m e n t , w h i c h is n o t i n the P E T ' s v o c a b u l a r y . I a d d e d the l i n e s 24-2 t h r o u g h 2 5 0 i n the L i s t O f C h a n g e s to t a k e c a r e of this. L i n e s 472, 480, 482, a n d 4 8 4 a l s o m a k e f o r m a t t i n g c h a n g e s I h a v e n o t i n c l u d e d a n y o f the c h a n g e s t h a t a r e p r i n t e d i n the P I M S m a n u a l o n p a g e 73* A f inal notes M y P E T is r u n n i n g o l d R O M s . This p r o g r a m may r e q u i r e o t h e r c h a n g e s to r u n w i t h a n e w R O M set, Mr. C o n n e l y (who b r o u g h t to m y a t t e n t i o n the a r t i c l e b y Mr. C o s t a r a k i s ) h a s the n e w R O M s i n hi s P E T S a n d I ' m c e r t a i n w e c a n s u p p l y i n f o r m a t i o n f o r c o n v e r s i o n i f a n y o n e is i n t e r e s t e d . DO LINE # Delete Delete Add Add Add Change Change Add Change Add Add Change Change 80 90 24 2 244 24 6 250 260 47 2 480 482 484 99 0 1260 Add Add 1675 2065 Change Change Change 2260 2370 2540 Change 2630 Delete Delete 3430 3440 DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE EXPLANATION N o t u s e d o n the P E T N o t u s e d o n the P E T -Takes the p l a c e o f "PRINT USING" for formatting One s p ace b e t w e e n q u otes -The b a c k s p a c e c h a r a c t e r -Takes c a r e o f s c r e e n formatting One s p a c e b e t w e e e n first - quotes on line 484 Corrects field display Lets you back into command-solicit mode I — No space between q u o t e s ; Tl$=" " F O R Z=1 TO 5 : B $ ( Z ) = "":I__ K e e p s g a r b a g e o u t NEXT Z The z e r o i n q u o t e s s h o u l d b e a n a l p h a b e t i c 0. R e m o v e the c o m m a n d G 0 S U B GOTO 540 R e t u r n s c o n t r o l to c o m m a n d s o l i c i t e v e n i f t h e r e is no r u b o u t A d d a s e m i - c o l o n b e t w e e n the l a s t q u o t a t i o n m a r k a n d N$ D e l e t e this line N o t u s e d o n t he P E T D e l e t e this line N o t used o n the PET D e l e t e this line D e l e t e this line I F I <10 T H E N 250 P R I N T I; GOTO 260 PRINT" ";1 5 PRINT"U." ; I F I <10 T H E N 4 8 4 P R I N T Ij"||:"»N$(l) GOTO 490 P R I N T " " ;I ; " s" ; N $ (I ) T$= N $ + T $ + C H R $ (126) G O T O 540 The r e s t o f t h e n e c e s s a r y c h a n g e s a r e o n p a g e 73 of t h e P I M S manual. 18 HIMONDIS & R O M TEST REVISITED by W a y n e S u n g 1. HIMONDIS: I did not have any instructions for using HIMONDIS and so I have always called the disassembler as a separate subroutine entering at 3FE4 (16k vers) In trying to redo the package for printer, use, imagine my surprise to find a D command available all along. I was a little apologetic to say the least. This also showed that the 16k HIMONDIS I sent you earlier has a problem: 3DB6 should be 3E and is IE. Considering the fact that I never used the disassembler as a D command from the Monitor, this particular problem had never been spotted before. Anyway, the adaptation for printer use will allow either one or two parameters to follow the D command. One parameter implies the same operation as always. Two parameters and the listing continues until the address specified in the second parameter has been exceeded. The call from Monitor will be .D SADR for the normal list and .D SADR,EADR for the printer list. The modified code is as follows: 3DA9 BO 11 BCS 3DBC 3DBC 85 44 STA 44 3DBE A5 12 LDA 12 3DC0 85 45 STA 45 3DC2 20 CF FF JSR FFCF was 85 44 STA 44 has same effect as code already present read delimiter 3DC5 C9 0D CMP #0D is it a CR? 3DC7 DO 03 BNE 3DCC no, go receive next parameter 3DC9 4C AF 3D JMP 3DAF yes, start list 3DCC 20 4F 3C JSR 3C4F read next parameter 3DCF 85 06 STA 06 3DD1 A5 12 LDA 12 3DD3 85 07 STA 07 3DD5 38 SEC 3DD6 A5 06 LDA 06 3DD8 E5 44 SBC 44 3DDA A5 07 LDA 07 3DDC E5 45 SBC 45 3DDE 90 12 BCC 3DF2 3DE0 20 2A F3 JSR F32A 3DE3 F0 0D BEQ 3DF2 3DE5 20 12 3E JSR 3E12 store lo byte of ending address recall and store hi byte compare last line address to ending address more to be printed, but check stop key first if stop then terminate print next line 3DE8 20EF 3E JSR 3EEF update line address 3DEB 8544 STA 44 3DED 8445 STY 45 store current line address 3DEF 46D5 3D JMP 3DD5 start another cycle 3DF2 4C57 3A JMP 3A57 finished, return to Monitor mainline 8k users can make the same changes by substituting 1 for 3 where underlined. I am currently trying to make my various versions of disassemblers have more compatible formats and this is one result. Note that I am ready to use a printer but I don't have one. If I did I wouldn't be hand typing program listings. Question: what are the other three commands in HIMONDIS 2. (V, O, T ) ? "Expansion"? ROM Test: I found a copy of a ROM test that you published some time ago. Combining both sides of the page finally produced a working version. I would like to give you the constants for the new machines. Note that I did not use the lines beyond 570: that is just a different heading and constants for the 019 ROM. Anyway, ROM TEST IN PROGRESS applies no matter what set. Note also the upgrade ROMs have different checksums (in the E block, specifically) from the large KB units. For Upgrade ROMs: 540 DATA 82,69,83,83,71,241,191 550 DATA 99,241,121,53,163,167 560 DATA 253,34,148,168,90,73,0 570 DATA 139,18,128,0,0 For -N units 540 DATA 82,69,83,83,71,241,234 550 DATA 99,241,121,53,163,167 560 DATA 5,34,148,168,90,73,0 570 DATA 139,18,128,0,0 The 5 in line 560 does not represent a low checksum. I suspect it should be 261 which of course overflows to a 5. Within the limits of the original program this should be OK. Also note that the -N units may have 4 or 5 ROMs as delivered. is because they are now using 32k ROMs versus the 16k ROMs used previously. This The E block of course is still a 16k unit, however some units have a split F block while others have only one F ROM. I suspect the F block checksum should come out the same anyway but I stand to be corrected. Question: what is the function of the entries from 73 through the end which are in lines 560 and 570? 3. The built in Monitor sure is nice. Those of us who have put our trust in the SAVE procedures and don't verify each save, however, are in for a treat. For some reason, the first two characters of the name string are stored in the same locations that the IRQ vector is stored (the one you see in the Monitor heading). Immediately after a save, do a R and see that IRQ no longer says E62E but rather something else depending on the name used. What does this mean? Do not pass go and do not ... that is to say, do not immediately do a .G after the Monitor "restores" the machine IRQ according to a save. When you do, what it finds in its heading. By now we all know that this is a meaningless value. Different things happen: on mine it simply goes off somewhere and sulks. On one large KB unit I tried it attempted to print another Monitor heading and gets part way done and then goes off somewhere. Remedy? Verify each save. Any exit and re-entry to the Monitor reloads the proper IRQ into the heading. Or, do R and correct it yourself. It is not possible to put the proper characters in your name string so that everything comes out OK. The E6 requires a reverse-field checkerboard and as we all know, reverse field inside quotes takes at least two positions: one to turn reverse field on and the other the character you want. Then you have to turn it back off... Question: why did they do that? £***** * * * * * * * protect your micro equipment with h power protector m m m m w * HRRfiNTV ** HILHBLE *P .$39.95 *E +:T .$39.95 #T $ 198. > . 1im ited.$175, 00 *E +E $175.00 :32-4181 Source TCE687 *D consin Residentss Only) ## isin 53221 Riley Enterprises announces.... • • • • TOP Quality Vinyl Cassette Holders 12 Capacity in Black or Brown $2.80 16 Capacity in Blk.Org or Lime 3.50 Add $2 for shipping orders under $20 Send Other types and colors are Special special order. 75 Pearson Street Portsmouth, NH 03801 6 0 3- 4 3 6 -6 5 6 4 for • Shoppe r •Inventory •Museum! •Mansion! complete catalog! H • H o m e A d d r e s s e rr • D e l u x e A d d r e s s eerr • D i n n e r ’s O n ! *Fur Trapper t ' Pentagon! ®His h Seas 21 arry H. B r iley C a t a l o g In fo P.O. B o x 2 9 1 3 Li v er mor e , CA. 9 45 5 0 ( 415) 455 - 9 1 3 9 OBSERVATIONS ON VOLUME II, ISSUE 7 by Roy Busdiecker Allan Adams letter reminded me of many days, weeks, and months that I spent feeling the same frustration that he described. Nonetheless, there is some reason for optimism. Commodore's change of ROM's was traumatic for all of us. The defects in the original PET BASIC could have been corrected without the disruption cf existing software ... but the spectacular work of Butterfield, supplemented by the cross-references from Russo and Lindsay, has given us most of the information we need to patch up our old products. The CBM printer is now availaole. My model 2023 does most of what it's supposed to do, with the notable exception of being able to adjust the number of lines per page. That's not as bad as it might seem, since it’ s probably safer and easier to do formatting in the BASIC program than to use the special printer controls,, That way, one can make the necessary compensations so the output can be directed either to screen or to printer. I’ ve not yet been able to make lower case letters LIST properly, however. At the Personal Computing 79 show in Philadelphia (Oct 4-7), I saw « new dot matrix by Base-2, Inc., (P.O. Box 3548, Fullerton, CA, 92634) that looks like a winner. In addition to RS-232, 20 ma, and Centronics I/O, it will also work with the IEEE 488 bus. That means you wouldn't need any special software for use with the PET ... you could use the built-in CMD and PRINT# functions on the IEEE port. By varying the print width (by sending a special control character), the printer will accommodate anywhere from 72 to 132 characters per line on 9 1/2 inch paper. The good news is that it is priced at $439, or with tractor feed for $599. The bad news is that cables for connection to PET are not yet available ... but that's a problem that can be solved! In addition to the Skyles keyboards and memory expansion, you should take note of products from two other firms. Century Research and Marketing (4815 West 77th St., Minneapolis, MN 55435) makes a nice auxiliary keyboard that plugs into the PET and can either be built into the PET or mounted in a separate plastic case which the company also sells. In addition to duplicating the original PET keys, this unit also provides several duplicate keys around the numeric keypad ,.. you get an extra RETURN, SHIFT, SPACE, and ? key. It's a handy addition. I believe the keyboard sells for $109.95, and the case for about $20. Write and check before you order. For those who want more memory but don't want to modify their PET's, International Technical Systems (P.O. Box 264, Woodbridge, VA 22194) sells an attractive cabinet containing an external memory unit that simply plugs into a wall socket for power (it has its own built-in supply rather than stealing power from the PET), and plugs into the PET memory port. For $297, you get an extra 8K bytes. A second model, which can provide up to 32K additional, will be available soon, but [trice has not yet been announced. The expandable version will also be available with an extender so that other products, such as certain disk units, may also be attached to the memory connector,, In the Decimal to Binary routine on page 12, there's an example of a technique that can be very useful. While some languages provide an IF...THEN...ELSE statement, PET BASIC only supports the IF...THEN part; however, there's a trick available. If you use the colon (:) to put several statements on one line, and the first statement is an IF...THEN, then the rest of the statements on that line will execute only if the IF condition is met,, If the last of those statements is a GOTO, you can skip the next few lines if the condition is met, but execute them if the condition is not met (since control will not reach the GOTO). Look at lines 40 to 55 in the routine to see the example. The article on "Tape Decay" omitted one important warning ... always suspect the cassette unit first. The heads should be both cleaned (Q-tip and rubbing alcohol or commercial head cleaner) and demagnetized (demagnetizers available from Radio Shack, Lafayette, etc.) whenever you begin to have tape problems. I had my friend, Mike Johnson, all set to realign his recorder, until I discovered that the problem was dirty heads in mine! C. L0 Buchanan (5000 Shopton Drive, Camp Springs, MD 20031) has been doing some very detailed examination of the cassette routines in the NEW ROMS. Anyone else digging into the same ROM routines might want to share information with him* BETTER LIST by F r a n T u r c o The LIST routine Commodore supplies with the PET was designed to list on the CRT. No provision was made for the eventual use of a printer. We connected a DEC Writer II to our PET through a CyC ADA 1200 interface. Several problems surfaced immediately. 1) The graphics that would normally appear on the CRT yield strange results on the printer. 2) The LIST routine has no check for page being full with subsequent page eject; i.e., there is no Top-Of-Form command. 3) There is no header. 4) The line numbers are left-justified. Consequently, the of your program does not line up when listed. text Attached you will find a listing for a program we call 'BETTER LIST'. It addresses the described deficiencies as follows: 1) The code for the graphic symbol is listed between braces { }. (In our documentation we include a REM statement explaining the code. See line # 63924.) 2) 'BETTER LIST' breaks the text into pages and provides a TOF command to the printer. 3) A header is printed at the top of each page. It includes the date and an optional title (supplied by the user) and auto matically numbers the page. 4) The line number is right justified. Consequently, even if your line numbers go from 2 to 3 to 4 digits, your text re mains lined up. This is especially nice for indented FOR... NEXT loops such as lines 63946 thru 63966 of 'BETTER LIST'. A few words of description about 'BETTER LIST': • Lines 63903 - 63917 write the table of token bytes into memory for later use to disinterpret the program to be listed. • Lines 63918 - 63923 initialize variables. 9 Lines 63924- 63942 provide the operator interaction with 'BETTER LIST'. • Lines 63943- 63966 are the main program instructions that disinterpret memory and list the findings. t Lines 63968 - 63978 are the header subroutine. • Lines 63979- 63987 are the line number calculation subroutine. t Lines 63988- 63995 provide the key words that will be printed for the disinterpreted token bytes. 9 Lines 63996 - 63998 are the closing out routine. Operation is as follows: 1) Load the program you wish to list. 2) Append 'BETTER LIST' to it. (This may be a problem for PET with a minimal system. We use the Tool Kit APPEND command. MERGE programs are available.) 3) Type RUN 63999. owners Several Answer questions as they are presented. We are working on a version of 'BETTER LIST' that will allow operation on a PET without merging programs. However, considering the frailties of man, this version may never make it. I hope this version will prove useful for final documentation purposes. We still use the normal LIST command during the program development and debug phases and then make a "pretty" copy with 'BETTER LIST'. BETTER LIST 63896 63897 63898 63899 63900 63 90 1 63902 “ 63903 63904 63 905 63906 63907 63908 I 63909 63910 ^ 63 91 1 *2 6 3 9 1 2 ^ 63913 63914 63915 63916 -63917 p 63918 • 63919 63920 i 63921 "i 6 3 9 2 2 U 63923 ^ r 63924 WM 63925 * 63926 | 63927 C 63928 a. 6 3 9 2 9 $ 63930 f 63 93 1 ~ 63932 / 63933 0 63934 S 63935 w 63936 $ 63937 63938 63939 63940 63 94 1 L 63942 -63943 63944 63945 63946 63947 63948 63949 A 63950 639 51 R E M 'BE T T E R LIST" P R O G R A M B A S E D O N D I S I N T E R P R E T E R BY W A R R E N S W A N ■ REM REFERENCE! PET USER NOTES VOL 1 ISSUE 3 PAGE 5 REM R E M S U B M I T T E D BY F R A N T U R C O REM 800 FDLLIN LANE R E M V I E N N A ? VA 2 2 1 8 0 REM D I M O f (255) C %< 0 ) = c H R * ( 1 3 ) ; R E M D E F I N E C R F O R 1 = 1 T O 3 1 XR E M D E F I N E U N U S E D K E Y W O R D S t C $ ( I )= S T R $ ( I ) NEXT I F O R 1 = 3 2 TO 1 2 7 ; R E M D E F I N E THE C H A R A C T E R SET I C t <I > = C H R $ < I ) NEXT I FOR 1-128 TO 2 0 2 ; REM D E F I N E B A S I C V ERBS ; READ C$ ( I ) NEXT I F O R 1 = 2 0 3 TO 2 5 4 ; R E M D E F I N E U N U S E D K E Y W O R D S : C$(I>=STR$<I) NEXT I C $ (2 5 5 ) --' ■ 'PI ' " ;R E M D E F I N E P I 0 = 3 2 7 6 0 ; REM ESTABLISH UPPER LIMIT FOR DISINTERPRETER MEMORY RANGE REM R E P L A C E 3 2 7 6 0 A B O V E WI T H 8184 FOR 8K PET L.= 1 0 24 JR E M E S T A B L I S H L.0 W E R L I M I T f:0 R D I S I N T E R P R E I E R M E M 0 R Y R A N G E SP$=* P N = 0 JR E M I N I T I A L I Z E P A G E N U M B E R COUNTER F L.A G = 0 ; R E M S U f■ 1P R E S S P R IN T I N G R E M 14 7 = C L E A R S Y M B 0 Ly 2 0 9 = D 0 T S Y M B 0 L F'R I N T ' -C14 7 > “: R E M C L E A R S C:F;E E N P R IN T 8 S E I..E C T 0 U T F:'U T D E V I C E t ' PRINT “ -12 0 9 > T Y P E 3 F O R C R T “ PRINT 8 -C2093-T Y P E 5 F O R P R I N T E R “ INPUT D O P E N 5 . D ;R E M O P E N O U T P U T F I L E P R I NTP R I N T “E N T E R T H E L O W E R £ U P P E R L I N E N U M B E R S " P R I N T 'O F T H E P R O G R A M Y O U W A N T L I S T E D 8 P R I N T "FOR E X A M P L E ? Or 6 3 8 0 0 LISTS A L L 8 I N P U T N 1 r N2 P R I N TiPRINT 'ENTER TODAY'S DATE * i I N P U T D$ p r i n t ;p r i n t *d o y o u w a n t a h e a d i n g 8 ; INPUT Y $ IF L E F I $ ( Y$ »1) = "N " T H E N S = 5 0 ;G O T O 6 3 9 4 3 P R I N T J P R I N T " E N T E R D E S I R E D FIEADING * I N P U T H$ I=L:REM SET UP S T A R T I N G P OINT FOR D I S I N T E R P R E T I N G G OSUB 6 3 9 6 8 ; REM PRINT HEADER G O S U B 6 3 9 8 0 JREM C A L C U L A T E AND P R I N T LI N E N U M B E R F O R I = L + 5 TO U ; P = P E E K f I ) ; R E M E X T R A CI B Y T E F R 0 M MEM0RY i IF Q F = 1 A N D P < > 3 4 T H E N 6 3 9 5 2 J R E M S K I P IF Q U O T E W A S N ' T C L O S E D : IF Q F = 1 A N D P = 3 4 T H E N QF=OJGOTO 63957 ; IF P < > 3 4 T H E N 6 3 9 5 7 ; Q F = 1 I R E M SET THE Q UOTE FLAG 1 t 9 25 BETTER I.1ST 2 a £ 63932 6 3V53 6 3954 63v S5 63956 63957 63958 IF IF 63960 63961 63962 ii 0 63963 63964 63965 63966 63967 63968 63969 63970 63971 63972 63973 63974 63975 63976 63977 63978 63979 63980 63981 P R I N T # 5 >C FI R $ ( 12 ) i K E H F:' R I N I T 0 P 0 F F 0 R M G0 S U B 6 3 9 6 9 i R E H P R I N T H E A D I N 6 i G O S U B 6 3 9 8 0 J R E M C A L C U L A T E AND P R I N T T H E L I N E N U M B E R NEXT I GOTO 6 3 9 9 6 R EM H E A D E R 8 U B R * C TR-"4 t P N = P N I-1 t RE M I N I T I A L I Z E L . N « C O U N T E R * I N C R P . N . C O U N T E R t IF L E F T $ <Y $ , 1 ) = * N • T H E N S - 5 0 % 6 0 T 0 6 3 9 7 5 % F<E M I F N 0 H F A D I N 6 * P R I N TD A t S= S - IINNTT <<<( << —LEENN << R E M C A L C U L A T E S P A C E S TO C E N T E R H E A O I N G 5566—L FiFT* t-) ) ) )//22) )++. .55) ) I IREM F O R K - l TO S i P R I N T ♦5 » * * f I N E X T K P P I N T # 5 » H% i t R E M P R I N T HE A D I N 6 : S = IN T ( ( S / 2 ) + .5 ) F 0 R K =1 T 0 S t P R I N T # 5 » * “ ? J N E X T P A G E • ? L E F T $ <S P $ » ( 3 - L E N ( M I D * ( S T R f > .P N ) ? 2 ) ) ) ) * PN I P R I N T # 5 1 D$ i “ i F 'R IN T # 5 ;P R IN T * 5 RETURN REM L I N E N U M B E R C A L C U L A T I O N S U B R O U T I N E : 1 = 1+4 : REM S K I P T H E 2 P O I N T E R B Y T E S ' ? MOVE TO L I N E - N U M B E R M S B 63982 63983 t r lilf 205 6 3 9 8 4 X r .0 ui< L r- 6 3 9 5 9 ; R Efi CHECK FO E END OF L I IE b l: f o i-: e c l j s j: n g u lj u t E ^ E <9 5 TI-!F N 6 3 9 5 7 5E E ii L i■ A N A S C11 C-HAR > ;i.K J T N E X T L I N E S ® E E 1:■ >T 1 5 f “ i * } H 1D C( £ I E I <P ) , 2 ) i “ ) • I E L M I D E N I 1 Y G R A P H I C S P R I N I i 5 , C HR t ( 12 3 >} r11D t ( S I E $ i P ) * 1:) i C H E i- ( 1 2 5 i ? I F D"-3 T H E N I F D=5 T H E N GOTO 6 3 9 6 6 I F FT.. - 1 T H E N P F M N I t 5 ? C $ ( p , } t R e: M P R 1N T I HE i.i i. S 1N I E R i 'R ET f. D I!: Y T .-: I F P O O T H E N 6 3 9 * io 6 5EE h I F N il! EMU O F --L IN E ? GET NEXT Ci"TE UF ~ u I REM f URN U!- F I H E U UU f t F L A b I F F L.-■1 T H E N C T R - C T E i i. i P R I N T * 5 JRh'M J N CR L I N E C T E S DUM P E F T B U F F E R IF P E E K ( I T 1 ) ~ 0 AND P E E K ( I + 2 ) =0 T H E N o 3 9 9 6 { R E h L I S T I S C u r i P 1... FT;::. IF C T R C 6 0 T H E N 6 3 9 6 5 i R E M I F NOT A T DOT OF P A C E , J f A R f N E X T L I N E 63959 < i iu<n x P=0 THEN E >31 AND 63985 63986 63987 63988 63989 63990 63991 63992 63993 63994 63995 63996 63997 63998 63999 J L V - P E E K ( I - 1 ) ♦ REM FETCH THE LSB H O - P E E K ( I ) J REM F E T C H TH E M SB ♦ L N “ HV# 2 5 6 + L V i R E M C A L C U L A T E THE L I N E NUM BER IN D E C IM A L } I F LN i.' - N l T H E N F L A G - 1 : R E M E N A B L E P R I N T I N G ♦ I F LN>N2 THEN 6 3 9 9 6 1 REM P A R T I A L L I S T I S COM PLETE t I F F L ~ 1 T H E N P R I N T ♦5 . L E F T % <S P * > <6 ■L. £ N < M I D I ( S I R <I N > » 2 RETURN D A T A E N D t F 0 R * N E X T ? IiA T A ? I N P U T $ ? I N F' U T t D 3. M ? R r A D , L E T D A TA G O T O •R U N , I F , R E S T O R E » G O S U B , R E T U R N ? R E M ? S T O P DA I A 0 N , U A I T ? L 0 A D >S A V E » V E R 1 F Y t D E F » P 0 K E » P R I H T * D A T A P R I N T . CONT ? L I S i » CI...R? C M D » S Y S ? O P E N » C L O S E t G E T D A T A NEW * T A B ( . TO » F N » S P C <» T H E N ? NOT » S T E P ?+ »'■■■,* , / ? ’ D A T A A N D » OR . •=- t S G N 1 1 NT ? A B S ? U S R ? F R E » F O S , S O P DATA R N D , L 0 Lit E X P , C 0 S ? S I N » T A N , A T N ? P E E K » L E N >S I R I DATA V A L i A S C . C H R * »L E F T * R I GHT$ ? M ID t P R I N T * 5 » C H R * ( 1 2 ) ? C H R $ ( 1 2 ) J REM C L O S E S !R E M C LO S E OUTPUT F I L E EN D GOTO 6 3 9 0 3 26 ADVANCE PAPER OUT OF LPT N5 t YES! Please enter my New Subscription Order fo r all ten issues of Volume 1 __ Renewal Subscription order for all ten issues of Volume 2 m Renewal Subscription Order fo r all ten issues o f Volume 3 _____ Full payment of $15.00 per volume ordered is enclosed.** NAME (Please print or type ADDRESS (Street, not P.O. Box) CITY ________________________ STATE ZIP Please charge my /M C /V IS A /B A C / # Master Charge Interbank # _________ Exp. Date Required Credit Card Signature Please ship the follow ing Software Shelf Programs to me w ithin two weeks. I enclose payment in full. PDPS FILE CREATE STAT III DATA RETRIEVAL DATA EDIT STAT I STAT II SPACE FIGHT HOSTAGE AIR-SEA WAR TUTOR BASIC COMPLEAT $15.00 $ 7.95 $10.00 $10.00 $20.00 . $20.00 $10.00 $ 7.95 $ 7.95 ........ $19.95 $29.95 WAREHOUSE CHASE MICROMAZE BLACKJACK BLOCKADE DEFLECTION STARTREK 2001 XMON CMC/WPP TUTOR P A C K A G E • BAZAAR $ 7.95 $10.00 $ 7.95 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $10.00 $15.00 $29.50 $39.95 $ 7.95 I understand that if any of the programs fail to load, THE PAPER will send me a replacement as soon as I return the defective tape. NAME (Please print or type) ADDRESS (Street, not P.O. Box) STATE CITY ________________________ ZIP Please charge my /M C A /IS A /B A C / # Exp. Date Master Charge Interbank # ________ Required Credit Card Signature Vol I (1978) [ ] Vol II (1979) [ Vol III (1980) [ ] ** No facilities are available for billing or for C.O.D. delivery. Orders submitted w ithout payment will be returned. Sorry folks, but nearly 1/10th of the subscribers we have so far asked for billing — and haven't paid up. If everyone paid in a tim ely fashion, we might be able to reduce the subscription price! THE PAPER PO BOX 1142 Columbia, MD 21044 27 IS YO UR COMPUTER SAVING YO U % THE M O N E Y IT W AS M EANT TO? HOW MUCH ENERGY IS YOUR HOUSE REALLY U S IN G ? PLUG YOUR HOUSE INTO YOUR COMPUTER AND SE E WHAT’S HAPPENING. YOUR COMPUTER CAN LISTEN TO YOUR HOUSE 24 HOURS A DAY. Our DAM SYSTEMS modules give your computer the ability to sense and measure the world around it. Our AIM16 provides 16 channels of analog input. Connect pots, joysticks, or whatever appropriate sensors you have. Each of the 16 analog inputs, in the range of 0 to 5.12 volts, is converted to a decimal number be tween 0 and 255 (20 millivolts per count). Conver sion time is 100 microseconds. Special modules allow direct plugin to your PET, KIM, TRS-80, APPLE or Motorola D2. Write today for our latest cataloa of Data Acquisition Modules ARESCO P.O. Box 1142 Columbia, M D 21044 TH E PAPER - VIPER R AIN B OW - SOURCE ---------------- PET PROSE — ----------- 1 There are m any people w ho w ant specialized a p p lica tio n program s to use on th e ir PETs, b u t w ho are not know ledg eab le enough to design o r to w rite them . ADVER TISERS! The codfish lays ten m illion eggs The hen lays only one. The codfish never cackles To tell you what she's done. We scorn the low ly codfish, While the noisy hen we prize; Which only goes to show you That is pays to advertise! If you can w rite s ig n ific a n t so ftw a re in som e specialized field, and are w illin g to do so, we m ay be able to help you fin d the people w ho are w illin g to pay you to w rite prog ra m s fo r them . Send $25. w ith y o u r name, address, and fie ld o f expertise. The in fo rm a tio n w ill be published in all the re m a in in g issues o f th is volum e. YOU Gene Polowytsch 72-31 67th Place Glendale, NY 11385 Could make this space w ork fo r YOU! THE PAPER P n R D Y 114? SECOND CLASS POSTAGE C O LU M BIA, MD 21044 P A I° IN (USPS45o'-93 0 )° 21044 TO: 28 0