Download A Practical Guide to Flow

Technical Note:
A Practical Guide to Flow Measurement
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A.
INTRODUCTION
3
B.
EXAMPLES
4
C.
FLOW RATE THEORY
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
D.
FLOW-RATE PRACTICE
1.
2.
3.
E.
H.
9
I.
13
J.
15
19
Fluorometers
Recorders
Power Sources
Dye Injectors
Samplers
DYES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
23
Introduction
Toxicity & Approval
Stability
Solubility
Water Condition
Detectability & Background
Filters & Light Sources
Aesthetics
Sources of Dyes
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Revision A 05/31/2001
18
Grab, Manual
Grab, Automatic
Continuous
EQUIPMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
15
Sample Characteristics
Calibration
Turbidity
Sample Temperature
SAMPLING SYSTEMS
1.
2.
3.
Introduction
Dye Requirements
Dye Injection
Site Location
Interpretation of Data
RESIDENCE TIME
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE
1.
2.
3.
4.
Injection Rate
Site Location
Dye Loss
TIME-OF-TRAVEL PRACTICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
F.
Constant-Rate Injection
Slug Injection
Velocity Method
Multi-channel Situations
Infusion and Leakage Studies
Ground Water
G.
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