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Appendix 1 Reference resistance values
Bearing capacity of pastures, related to the resistance to penetration (MPa) of the sod layer.
Application
Recommended cone
Pasturing: mechanical spread of liquid manure;
2
cultivation, harvesting in arable farming.
5 cm , 60° top angle
Bearing capacity
Major
Moderate
Minor
Major
Moderate
Minor
2
Sports fields
1 cm , 60° top angle
> 0.6
0.3 – 0.6
< 0.3
> 1.4
1.0 – 1.4
< 1.0
As a rule a cone with a 1 cm2- base area and a 60º- top angle is applied in soil research fieldwork.
Source: Vereniging voor Landinrichting, 1992
The effect of organic matter content on the resistance to penetration.
The relation between resistance to penetration and bulk density in conjunction with organic matter content of
the soil at a moisture tension of pF2 (according to Schothorst, 1968).
Resistance
to penetration
(MPa)
1,8
Organic matter content
1,4
92%
0
65
38
25
13
10
2
1,0
0,6
0,2
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Volume density (g•100 cm-3)
The relation between resistance to penetration and bulk density in conjunction with organic matter content of the
soil at a moisture tension of pF2 (according to Schothorst, 1968).
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