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User’s Manual Network Analyzer MC764 Network Recorder MC754 Multifunction Meter MC744 Table of contents Table of Contents Meaning of symbols | z see page 6! 1. SECURITY ADVICE AND WARNINGS _______________________________________ 1 1.1 Welcome --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.2 Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.3 Health and safety ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.4 Safety warnings and instructions for use ------------------------------------------------------------------------3 1.5 Warnings, information and notes regarding designation of the product------------------------------------4 2. BASIC DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF MEASURING CENTRE ______________ 5 2.1 Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 2.2 Glossary --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 2.3 Description of the product -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 2.4 Purpose and use of different types of measuring centres------------------------------------------------------9 2.5 Type differences --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 3. CONNECTION__________________________________________________________ 13 3.1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 3.2 Mounting------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 3.3 Electric connection zzz ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 3.4 Connection of input/output modules zzz --------------------------------------------------------------- 16 3.5 Communication connection zzz ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 3.6 Connection of power supply zzz------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 4. FIRST STEPS ___________________________________________________________ 22 4.1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 4.2 Display of device info z ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 5. SETTINGS _____________________________________________________________ 28 5.1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 5.2 MiQen software---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 5.3 Setting procedure-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 5.4 General settings zzz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 5.5 Connection zzz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 5.6 Communication zzz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 5.7 Display zzz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40 5.8 Security zzz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41 5.9 Energy zzz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42 5.10 Inputs and outputs zzz----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 5.11 Alarms zz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 5.12 Memory |zz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 5.13 Conformity of voltage with SIST EN 50160 standard ||z------------------------------------------ 50 5.14 Reset operations zz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 5.15 Settings and SD/MMC card zzz------------------------------------------------------------------------ 53 User’s Manual iii Table of contents 6. MEASUREMENTS _______________________________________________________ 58 6.1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 6.2 Supported measurements----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 6.3 Available connections--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 6.4 Explanation of basic concepts ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63 6.5 Calculation and display of measurements zz --------------------------------------------------------- 64 6.6 Present values zz ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65 6.7 Min/Max values zzz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69 6.8 Alarms zzz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70 6.9 Power supply quality ||z --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70 6.10 Time graphical display (Graphs time) zzz ----------------------------------------------------------- 73 6.11 FFT graphical display (Graphs FFT) z -------------------------------------------------------------- 74 6.12 Demonstration measurements zzz --------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 7. COMMUNICATION MODES _______________________________________________ 75 7.1 PULL communication mode ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76 7.2 PUSH communication mode ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76 8. TECHNICAL DATA_______________________________________________________ 78 8.1 Accuracy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 79 8.2 Inputs---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80 8.3 Connection --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80 8.4 Modules ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 8.5 Communication ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83 8.6 Electronic features ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 83 8.7 Safety features ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84 8.8 Dimensions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85 9. APENDIX A: MODBUS PROTOCOL ________________________________________ 86 9.1 Modbus communication protocol ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87 10. APPENDIX B: DNP3 PROTOCOL __________________________________________ 94 10.1 DNP3 communication protocol-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95 11. APPENDIX C: CALCULATIONS & EQUATIONS_______________________________ 99 11.1 Calculations -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100 11.2 Equations---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------101 12. APPENDIX D: DATA FORMATS___________________________________________ 104 12.1 XML data format ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------105 iv User’s Manual Security advice and warnings 1. SECURITY ADVICE AND WARNINGS 1.1 Welcome --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.2 Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.3 Health and safety ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 1.4 Safety warnings and instructions for use ------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Check the following before switching on the device: ........................................................................... 3 Device switch-off Warning!................................................................................................................... 3 Waste ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Warnings, information and notes regarding designation of the product------------------------------------4 Used symbols: ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Contents of consignment........................................................................................................................ 4 User’s Manual 1 Security advice and warnings 1.1 Welcome Please read this chapter carefully before starting work with a Measuring centre. This chapter deals with important information and warnings that should be considered for safe work with a Measuring centre. 1.2 Introduction This booklet contains instructions for installation and use of Measuring centres MC764, MC754 and MC744. Installation and use of devices also includes work with dangerous currents and voltages, therefore such work shall be carried out by qualified persons. The ISKRA MIS Company assumes no responsibility in connection with installation and use of the product. If there is any doubt regarding installation and use of the system in which the instrument is used for measuring or supervision, please contact a person who is responsible for installation of such system. 1.3 Health and safety The purpose of this chapter is to provide a user with information on safe installation and handling with the product in order to assure its correct use and continuous operation. We expect that everyone using the product will be familiar with the contents of chapter »Security Advices and Warnings«. If equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired. 2 User’s Manual Security advice and warnings 1.4 Safety warnings and instructions for use Check the following before switching on the device: Nominal voltage, Supply voltage, Nominal frequency, Voltage ratio and phase sequence, Current transformer ratio and terminals integrity, Protection fuse (recommended maximal external fuse size is 6 A – a type with a red dot or equivalent), Integrity of earth terminals (where necessary) Important: A current transformer secondary should be short circuited before connecting the meter. Device switch-off Warning! Auxiliary supply circuits for (external) relays can include capacitors between supply and ground. In order to prevent electrical shock hazard, the capacitors should be discharged via external terminals after having completely disconnected auxiliary supply (both poles of any DC supply). Waste It is forbidden to deposit electrical and electronic equipment as municipal waste. The manufacturer or provider shall take waste electrical and electronic equipment free of charge. The complete procedure after lifetime should comply with the Directive EZ 2002/96/EG about restriction on the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment or a corresponding Url 118/04. User’s Manual 3 Security advice and warnings 1.5 Warnings, information and notes regarding designation of the product Used symbols: See product documentation. Double insulation in compliance with the SIST EN 61010−1: 2004 standard. Functional ground potential. Note: This symbol is also used for marking a terminal for protective ground potential if it is used as a part of connection terminal or auxiliary supply terminals. Compliance of the product with directive 2002/96/EC, as first priority, the prevention of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), and in addition, the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery of such wastes so as to reduce the disposal of waste. It also seeks to improve the environmental performance of all operators involved in the life cycle of electrical and electronic equipment. Compliance of the product with European CE directives. Contents of consignment The consignment includes: − Measuring centres MC764, MC754, MC744 − User’s Manual 4 User’s Manual Basic description and operation of measuring centre 2. BASIC DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF MEASURING CENTRE 2.1 Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Description of symbols........................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Glossary --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 2.3 Description of the product -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Appearance............................................................................................................................................. 8 2.4 Purpose and use of different types of measuring centres------------------------------------------------------9 Multifunction meter MC744 .................................................................................................................. 9 Network recorder MC754 ...................................................................................................................... 9 Network analyzer MC764 ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Type differences --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 Differences in hardware ....................................................................................................................... 10 Software functions................................................................................................................................ 10 Supported measurements...................................................................................................................... 11 User’s Manual 5 Basic description and operation of measuring centre 2.1 Introduction Regarding the type of a Measuring centre different chapters should be considered since the types differ in functionality and design. More detailed description of device functions is given in chapter Type differences, pages 10 to 12. Al types of measuring centres are available in DIN housing. Specifications of housing and panel cut out for housing is specified in chapter Dimensions on page 85. Description of symbols In different chapters or tables different symbols may appear in User’s Manual. According to the position of symbols, they have different meaning. Chapter Due to differences among devices, some chapters do not relate to your instrument. Five symbols next to chapter heading are for faster surveying. Type of symbol indicates to which extent the chapter applies for each type of measuring centre. Meaning of each symbol is: | z − Function not supported − Function partially supported (see a note) − Function completely supported Each of the five positions, where the symbols are indicates a measuring centre type. Positions follow from left to right: MC744 / MC754 / MC764 Subchapter Symbols next to the subchapters indicate accessibility of functions described. Accessibility of functions is indicated with the following symbols: − Function accessible via communication (MiQen software) − Function accessible via an SD/MMC card − Function accessible via navigation keys on the instrument front side Tables Supported functions and measurements are listed in tables for all types. Symbols in tables indicate support of enabled functions for each type. Additionally a legend is placed below table of used symbols. Meaning of symbols is: ● × ○ − Function is supported − Function is not supported − Symbol meaning varies and is described in the legend below the table User information For all unknown technical words see chapter Glossary on next page. 6 User’s Manual Basic description and operation of measuring centre 2.2 Glossary Term RMS Flash Ethernet MODBUS / DNP3 MMC MiQen AC PA total PA1, PA2, PA3 PF THD MD FFT graphs Harmonic voltage − harmonic Hand-over place Flicker RTC Mv − Sample factor Mp − Average interval Hysteresis expressed as percentage [%] 2PO 2TI 2PI 2AL 2AI 1BA 2AN 2DI COM2 4AN 4AI 8AL 8DI 8DO User’s Manual Explanation Root Mean Square value Type of a memory module that keeps its content in case of power supply failure IEEE 802.3 data layer protocol Industrial protocol for data transmission Multimedia Card Software for Iskra MIS instruments Alternating voltage Angle calculated from total active and apparent power Angle between fundamental phase voltage and phase current Power factor Total harmonic distortion Measurement of average values in time interval Graphical display of presence of harmonics Sine voltage with frequency equal to integer multiple of basic frequency Connection spot of consumer installation in public network Voltage fluctuation causes changes of luminous intensity of lamps, which causes the so-called flicker Real Time Clock Defines a number of periods for measuring calculation on the basis of measured frequency Defines frequency of refreshing displayed measurements on the basis of a Sample factor Percentage specifies increase or decrease of a measurement from a certain limit after exceeding it. Pulse output module (two outputs) Tariff input module (two inputs) Pulse input module (two inputs) Alarm output module (two outputs) Analogue input module (two inputs) Bistable alarm output module Analogue output module (two outputs) Digital input module (two inputs) 2nd communication port module Analogue output module (four outputs) Analogue input module (four inputs) Alarm output module (eight outputs) Digital input module (eight inputs) Digital output module (eight outputs) 7 Basic description and operation of measuring centre 2.3 Description of the product A measuring centre is used for measuring, analyzing and monitoring three phase electrical power network. Using the latest technologies and numerical methods we have reached high accuracy over a wide measuring range of current and integrated quantities. Appearance The meter figure can differ from yours depending on the type. 1 − Graphical LCD 2 − Navigation keyboard 3 − A slot with a cover for SD/MMC 4 − LED indicators Graphical LCD A graphical LCD with back light is used for high resolution of displayed measuring quantities and for a display of selected functions when setting the device. Navigation keyboard The "OK" key is used for confirming the settings, selecting and exiting the display. Direction keys are used for shifting between screens and menus. A slot with a cover for SD/MMC The meter is provided with a slot for a full size SD/MMC card that is used for data transfer from the internal memory, meter setting and software upgrading. A slot protection cover for the SD/MMC card prevents penetration of humidity and dust into device. LED indicators LED indicators warn of a certain state of the instrument. A left (red) indicator indicates the SD/MMC card activity and that it should not be pulled out. A middle (green) one is blinking when transmitting MC data via communication. A right (red) one is blinking when the condition for the alarm is fulfilled. LED indicators at the bottom of the instrument ( 2 x 8 LED) are indicating status of the digital input module (8DI), alarm output module (8AL) or digital output module (8DO). 8 User’s Manual Basic description and operation of measuring centre 2.4 Purpose and use of different types of measuring centres Multifunction meter MC744 The instrument is used for monitoring and measuring electric quantities of three-phase electrical power distribution system. The meter is provided with 32 program adjustable alarms, up to four input or output modules and communication. With the RS232/RS485 or Ethernet/USB communication, the meter can be set and measurements can be checked. The meter also functions as an energy counter, with the additional function of cost management by tariffs. A tariff input or a tariff clock can be set. At tariff clock setting, four seasons and four day groups as well as energy cost for each period and a day group (16 different cost periods) are available. Additionally, 20 places are available for setting holidays. As an energy counter it can record energy in all four quadrants in four tariffs. Network recorder MC754 The instrument is used for monitoring, measuring and recording measurements of electric quantities of electrical power distribution system. Up to 32 measurements and up to 32 alarms are recorded in the internal memory. The memory is separated into two sections for measurements (A and B) and one section for recording alarms. The memory division is defined by the user via communication or an SD/MMC card. Network analyzer MC764 The instrument is used for permanent analysis of electricity supply quality in compliance with the SIST EN 50160 standard. A partition in the internal memory is reserved for storing reports for a period of the last seven years. The internal memory capacity enables storing of more than 170,000 variations of the measurements from the standard values, which enables finding eventual reasons for the problems in network. Limits and required quality in a monitored period can be defined for each monitored characteristic. The following characteristics are measured and recorded: • • • • • • • • • • Frequency variations Voltage variations Voltage unbalances Voltage dips Voltage interruptions Rapid voltage changes Flickers Pst & Plt Temporary over voltages THD's Harmonics User’s Manual 9 Basic description and operation of measuring centre 2.5 Type differences Different types differ on functionality and equipment as shown in the following table. Differences in hardware Feature Graphical LCD display Back light of LCD display LED indicator (SD or MMC/com./alarm) Slot for SD/MMC card Control keys on front panel (5) Internal flash memory Real time clock (RTC) with supercap Communication interface RS232 and RS485 or Ethernet and USB Module 1 (2PO/2TI/2AL/2AI/ 2PI/1BA/2AN/2DI/COM2) Module 2 (2PO/2TI/2AL/2AI/ 2PI/1BA/2AN/2DI/COM2) (8AL/8DO/8DI/4AN/ Module 3 4AIR/4AIU/4AII) (8AL/8DO/8DI/4AN/ Module 4 4AIR/4AIU/4AII) Automatic voltage range Automatic current range Universal supply ● – serial ○ – option Additional Basic Software functions Functions * MC744 ● ● ●/●/● ● ● × ● MC754 ● ● ●/●/● ● ● 8Mb ● MC764 ● ● ●/●/● ● ● 8Mb ● ●/○ ●/○ ●/○ ○/○/○/○/ ○/○/○/○/ ○/○/○/○/ ○/○/○/○/× ○/○/○/○/× ○/○/○/○/× ○/×/○/○/ ○/×/○/○/ ○/×/○/○/ ○/○/○/○/○ ○/○/○/○/○ ○/○/○/○/○ ○/○/○/○/ ○/○/○/○/ ○/○/○/○/ ○/○/○ ○/○/○ ○/○/○ ○/○/○/○/ ○/○/○/○/ ○/○/○/○/ ○/○/○ ○/○/○ ○/○/○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● × − not supported MC744 MC754 Setup wizard ● ● Wrong connection warning ● ● Custom screens (3) ● ● Demonstration screen cycling ● ● Programmable refresh time ● ● MODBUS and DNP3 protocols ● ● Tariff clock ● ● MD calculation (TF, FW, SW) ●/●/● ●/●/● Programmable alarms (32) ● ● Alarms recording × ● Measurements recording × ● Measurements graphs (time/FFT) ●/●* ●/●* Evaluation of voltage quality in × × compliance with SIST EN 50160 ● – serial × − not supported MC764 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●/●/● ● ● ● ●/● ● MC744 & MC754 support harmonic analysis up to 31st harmonic, MC764 up to 63rd 10 User’s Manual Basic description and operation of measuring centre MD values Min / Max Energy Phase-to-phase Phase Supported measurements Basic measurements MC744 MC754 Voltage U1, U2, U3 and U~ ● ● Current I1, I2, I3, In, It and Ia ● ● Active power P1, P2, P3, and Pt ● ● Reactive power Q1, Q2, Q3, and Qt ● ● Apparent power S1, S2, S3, and St ● ● Power factor PF1, PF2, PF3 and PF~ ● ● Power angle φ1, φ2, φ3 and φ~ ● ● THD of phase voltage Uf1, Uf2 and ● ● Uf3 THD of power angle I1, I2 and I3 ● ● Phase-to-phase voltage U12, U23, U31 ● ● Average phase-to-phase voltage Uff ● ● Phase-to-phase angle φ12, φ23, φ31 ● ● Voltage unbalance Uu ● ● THD of phase−to−phase voltage ● ● Counter 1 ● ● Counter 2 ● ● Counter 3 ● ● Counter 4 ● ● Total ● ● Active tariff ● ● Cost by counters ● ● Total cost ● ● ● – serial × − not supported MC764 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Other measurements MC744 MC754 MC764 Voltage U1, U2, U3 ● ● ● Phase-to-phase voltage U12, U23, U31 ● ● ● Phase current I1, I2, I3 ● ● ● Active power P1, P2, P3, P ● ● ● Apparent power S1, S2, S3, S ● ● ● Frequency f ● ● ● Internal temperature ● ● ● Phase current I1, I2, I3 ● ● ● Active power P (Positive) ● ● ● Active power P (Negative) ● ● ● Reactive power Q − L ● ● ● Reactive power Q − C ● ● ● Apparent power S ● ● ● ● – serial ○ – thermal function × − not supported User’s Manual 11 Measurement Basic description and operation of measuring centre * Other measurements MC744 MC754 Frequency ● ● Internal temperature ● ● Date & Time ● ● Time graphs (I1, I2, I3,U1, U2, U3, ● ● U12, U23 and U31) FFT graphs (I1, I2, I3,U1, U2, U3, ● ● U12, U23 and U31) Phase voltage harmonics ●* ●* Phase−to−phase voltage ●* ●* harmonics Current harmonics ●* ●* Analysis in compliance with × × SIST EN 50160 ● – serial × − not supported MC764 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● MC744 & MC754 support harmonic analysis up to 31st harmonic, MC764 up to 63rd 12 User’s Manual Connection 3. CONNECTION 3.1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14 3.2 Mounting------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14 3.3 Electric connection zzz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 3.4 Connection of input/output modules zzz ----------------------------------------------------------------- 16 3.5 Communication connection zzz---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 RS232 ................................................................................................................................................... 19 RS485 ................................................................................................................................................... 19 Ethernet................................................................................................................................................. 19 USB ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 Survey of communication connection.................................................................................................. 19 Survey of secondary communication connection ................................................................................ 21 3.6 Connection of power supply zzz --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 User’s Manual 13 Connection 3.1 Introduction This chapter deals with the instructions for measuring centre connection. Both the use and connection of the device includes handling with dangerous currents and voltages. Connection shall therefore be performed by a qualified person. ISKRA MIS does not take any responsibility regarding the use and connection. If any doubt occurs regarding connection and use in the system which device is intended for, please contact a person who is responsible for such installations. Before use: Check voltages and phase rotation, supply voltage and nominal frequency. Check protective fuse rating (the recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for this equipment is 6A - Red Spot type or equivalent). Warning! Wrong or incomplete connection of voltage or other terminals can cause nonoperation or damage of the device. Note After connection, settings have to be performed via a keyboard on the front side of the instrument that reflect connection of device to voltage network (connection mode, current and voltage transformers ratio, …). Settings can also be done via communication or an SD/MMC card. 3.2 Mounting DIN housing: Before inserting device into the panel cut out, remove four screws, insert device and position the screws correctly. Fix device to the panel. Panel cut out: DIN 1 14 144 x 144 mm + 0.8 Remove protection foil from the screen. User’s Manual Connection 3.3 Electric connection zzz Voltage inputs of measuring centre can be connected directly to low-voltage network or via a voltage measuring transformer to high-voltage network. Current inputs of measuring centre are led through a hole in current transformers. Connection to network is performed via a corresponding current transformer. 2 Choose corresponding connection from the figures below and connect corresponding voltages and currents. Information on electrical consumption of current and voltage inputs is given in chapter Inputs on page 80. Connection 1b (1W); Single-phase connection Connection 3b (1W3) Three-phase – three-wire connection with balanced load Connection 3u (2W3) Three-phase – three-wire connection with unbalanced load User’s Manual 15 Connection Connection 4b (1W4) Three-phase – four-wire connection with balanced load Connection 4u (3W4) Three-phase – four-wire connection with unbalanced load Note Examples of connections are given for device with two input / output modules and RS232 / RS485 communication. Connection does not depend on a number of built-in modules and communication, and is shown on the device label. 3.4 Connection of input/output modules zzz Warning! Check the module features that are specified on the label, before connecting module contacts. Wrong connection can cause damage or destruction of module and/or device. 16 User’s Manual Connection Note Frequency of the tariff input voltage signal should not essentially deviate from the frequency of the measuring input signal. At no signal on the measuring inputs the tariff triggering is not reliable. 3 Connect module contacts as specified on the label. Examples of labels are given below and describe modules built in the device. Information on electrical properties of modules is given in chapter Modules on page 81. Tariff input module with two tariff inputs for changeover between up to four tariffs. Alarm (relay) module with two outputs. Bistable alarm module; keeps the state also in case of instrument power supply failure. Pulse output (solid state) module with two pulse outputs for energy counters. Analogue output module with two analogue outputs (0…20mA), proportional to measured quantities. Digital input module with two digital inputs enables reception of impulse signals. 2nd communication module, for connection of RS232 communication (COM2). User’s Manual 17 Connection 2nd communication module, for connection of RS485 communication (COM2). Pulse input module enables reception of pulses from various counters (water, gas, heat, flow…). (Example of pulse input module as I/O module 1) Analoge input module enables measurements of DC U, I, R or temp. (PT100, PT1000) values from external sources. Alarm (relay) module with eight outputs. Digital (relay) module with eight outputs. Digital input module with eight digital inputs. Analogue output module with four analogue outputs (0…20mA), proportional to measured quantities. Analoge input module enables measurements of DC U, I, R or temp. (PT100, PT1000) values from external sources. Four inputs are available. 18 User’s Manual Connection 3.5 Communication connection zzz A type of connector depends on ordered communication. DB9 terminal is used for RS232 and RS485 communication, RJ−45 terminal for Ethernet communication and standard Type B connector for USB communication. Warning! When connecting a DB9 communication connector it is necessary to assure that only RS232 or RS485 communication is used. Terminals of a DB9 connector that are not necessary for the used communication should remain unconnected, otherwise the communication module and/or device can be damaged or destroyed. See connection diagrams below. Connect a communication line by means of a corresponding terminal. Corresponding data are stated on the instrument label, regarding the selected communication. Connector terminals are marked on the label on the upper side of the instrument. More detailed information on communication is given in chapter Communication on page 83. DB9 connector for RS232 and RS485 communication RJ−45 Ethernet connector USB-B type connector RS232 RS232 communication is intended for direct connection of the Measuring centre to the personal computer. It is necessary to assure the corresponding connection of individual terminals of the DB9 connector (see a table on the next page). RS485 RS485 communication is intended for connection of devices to network where several instruments with RS485 communication are connected to a common communication interface. We suggest using one of the Iskra MIS communication interfaces! Correct connection of individual terminals of the DB9 connector shall be provided (see a table on the next page). Ethernet Ethernet communication allows for integration of the device into global Ethernet-based networks. The device supports fast Ethernet (10/100 Mbps). For proper operation, standard IEEE 802.3 compliant 100BASE-T CAT5 Ethernet cable is recommended. The device is supplied with a unique MAC address for identification. The MAC address is printed on the label, positioned on the upper side of the instrument. User’s Manual 19 Connection USB USB communication serves as a fast peer-to-terminal data link. The instrument is detected by host as a USB 2.0 compatible device. The USB connection is provided through a USB standard Type B connector. Note When MC7x4 is connected to a PC through USB communication for the first time, a user is prompted to install a driver. The driver can be downloaded from the Iskra MIS web page www.iskra-mis.si. With this driver installed, USB is redirected to a serial port, which should be selected when using MiQen software. Survey of communication connection Connector Terminals Position 1 2 3 4 RS232 DB9 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 RS485 DB9 5 6 7 8 9 Data direction Not connected From To Not connected − Not connected − − Not connected Not connected − − Not connected − Not connected To/From To/From Not connected Description − Data transmission (Tx) Data reception (Rx) − Grounding () − Do not connect! Do not connect! − − Do not connect! Do not connect! − Do not connect! − B A − Ethernet RJ−45 100BASE-T CAT5 cable recommended USB USB-B Standard USB 2.0 compatible cable recommended (Type B plug) 20 User’s Manual Connection Survey of secondary communication connection Connector Terminals Position Data direction RS232 RS485 Connector Connector 3.6 Connection of power supply Description 18 From Data transmission (Tx) 19 − Grounding () 20 To Data reception (Rx) 18 To/From A 19 − Do not connect! 20 To/From B zzz Measuring centre has universal (AC/DC) auxiliary power supply. Information on electric consumption is given in chapter Technical data on page 78. Connection of universal power supply to terminals 13 and 14. User’s Manual 21 First steps 4. FIRST STEPS 4.1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 Basic concepts ............................................................................................................................... 23 Installation wizard ......................................................................................................................... 24 4.2 Display of device info z-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 Welcome screen ............................................................................................................................ 25 Information .............................................................................................................................. 25 Memory .................................................................................................................................... 26 Time, date and temperature ..................................................................................................... 26 Meaning of icons ........................................................................................................................... 26 User’s Manual 22 First steps 4.1 Introduction Instruction for work with measuring centre is given in the following chapters. Procedure can differ regarding the types and their configuration (functions support). More than one procedure can be used for some types. Warning! Measuring centre start-up begins after electrical connection. After proper connection it is assured that the user security is not threatened. After correct switch-on and respected safety measures the work with device does not represent any danger for a user. Basic concepts Navigation keys and LCD enable application and basic instrument settings. During the operation some icons can be displayed in upper part of LCD. The significance of icons (from right to left) is explained in the table below. Icon Meaning Instrument is locked with a password of the second level (L2). The first level (L1) can be unlocked. Instrument can be wrongly connected at 4u connection. Energy flow direction is different by phases. Icon added later Clock not set. Clock must be set because build-in super-cap (for RTC) is drained out. Clock must be set if power supply is disconnected for more than 2 days. The device supply is too low. Example: Main menu ⇒ Info OK ⇑ User information Meaning of icons is displayed on LCD in the Information menu. User’s Manual 23 First steps Installation wizard After installation and electrical connection, basic parameters have to be set in order to assure correct operation. The easiest way to achieve that is use the Installation wizard. When entering the Installation menu, settings follow one another when the previous one is confirmed. All required parameters shall be entered and confirmed. Exit from the menu is possible when all required settings are confirmed or with interruption (key ⇐ several times) without changes. Note All settings that are performed through the Installation wizard can be subsequently changed by means of the Settings menu or via MiQen by means of communication or an SD/MMC card. Main menu ⇒ Installation ⇒ The menus follow one after another: Start menu Start screen is displayed on LCD. Language Set device language. Date Set device date. Time Set device time. Connection mode Choose connection and define load connection. Primary voltage Set primary voltage if a voltage transformer is used. Secondary voltage Set secondary voltage if a voltage transformer is used; set voltage of low voltage network if connection is direct. Primary current Set primary current if a current transformer is used. Secondary current Set secondary current. 24 User’s Manual First steps Common energy exponent Define common energy exponent as recommended in table below, where counter divider is at default value 10. Values of primary voltage and current determine proper Common energy exponent. For detailed information see chapter Energy on page 42. Current Voltage 110 V 230 V 1000 V 30 kV 1A 5A 50 A 100 A 1000 A −1 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 4* * − Counter divider should be at least 100 Device address Set MODBUS address for the device. Default address is 33. Bits per second Set communication rate. Default rate is 115200 b/s. Parity Set communication parity. Default value is None. Stop bit Set communication stop bits. Default value is 2. 4.2 Display of device info z A menu is divided into several submenus with data and information about device: • • • • • Welcome screen Information Memory Time, date, internal temperature and tariff status Meaning of icons − Information display is subordinated to supported functions of an individual MC type. Welcome screen When entering the information menu, a welcome screen is displayed on LCD showing type designation and name of measuring centre. Main men ⇒ Info OK Information Data on a meter are collected in the Information menu. They include a serial number, a software version, a hardware version, date of manufacture and a number of operational hours in days, hours and minutes. Main menu ⇒ Info OK ⇓ User’s Manual 25 First steps Memory A memory state is displayed in two ways. In a basic display the recording time or a number of records until a scale division is full is displayed, since the last official reading. A graphical display of occupation of individual scale division is used as a help. A more detailed display shows a number of records of a maximal number for each scale division. Main menu ⇒ Info OK ⇓ ⇓ User information More data can be stored in the internal memory than displayed, since the display depends upon the official transfer. For transfer of all available data to SD/MMC card or via communication “All data” should be selected when saving data. Time, date and temperature Data on current date, time, internal temperature and tariff status in submenu are displayed on LCD. Main menu ⇒ Info OK ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ (⇒) Meaning of icons All possible icons with their meaning are displayed. Main menu ⇒ Info OK ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ Example of display of icons with their meaning without active icons and at locked MC: ⇒ 26 Time of automatic password activation ⇒ User’s Manual First steps Example for MC764 information display: ⇔ ⇑⇓ ⇑⇓ ⇔ ⇑⇓ ⇔ ⇑⇓ User’s Manual 27 Settings 5. SETTINGS 5.1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 5.2 MiQen software---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 5.3 Setting procedure-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 5.4 General settings zzz ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 Description and Location ........................................................................................................ 32 Average interval ...................................................................................................................... 32 Language ......................................................................................................................... 32 Currency .......................................................................................................................... 33 Temperature unit ............................................................................................................. 33 Date format ...................................................................................................................... 33 Date and time ........................................................................................................................... 33 Auto Summer/Winter time ...................................................................................................... 33 Maximum demand calculation (MD mode) .................................................................... 33 Resetting Min/Max ......................................................................................................... 37 Starting current for PF and PA (mA) ...................................................................................... 37 Starting current for all powers (mA) ....................................................................................... 37 Calculation of harmonics ........................................................................................................ 37 5.5 Connection zzz ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 Connection ....................................................................................................................... 37 Setting of current and voltage ratios ............................................................................... 38 Used voltage and current range .............................................................................................. 38 Nominal frequency .................................................................................................................. 38 Wrong connection warning ............................................................................................................. 38 Energy flow direction ..................................................................................................................... 38 CT connection ................................................................................................................................ 38 5.6 Serial communication zzz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 Serial Communication (COM1) ............................................................................................. 38 USB Communication .............................................................................................................. 39 Ethernet communication ......................................................................................................... 39 5.7 Display zzz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 Display settings ............................................................................................................... 40 Demo cycling period ....................................................................................................... 40 Settings of customized screens ....................................................................................... 40 5.8 Security zzz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41 Password setting ...................................................................................................................... 41 Password modification ............................................................................................................ 41 Password disabling .................................................................................................................. 42 Password and language......................................................................................................................... 42 5.9 Energy zzz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 Active tariff ..................................................................................................................... 42 Common energy exponent ...................................................................................................... 42 Common exponent of energy cost .......................................................................................... 42 Common exponent of tariff price and energy price in tariffs ................................................. 42 Counter divider ....................................................................................................................... 43 Tariff clock .............................................................................................................................. 43 5.10 Inputs and outputs zzz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 Pulse module ................................................................................................................... 45 Analogue input module .......................................................................................................... 46 Alarm module .................................................................................................................. 47 User’s Manual 28 Settings Bistable alarm module ............................................................................................................ 47 Analogue module .................................................................................................................... 47 Tariff module .......................................................................................................................... 47 2nd Communication module (COM2) ............................................................................. 48 Pulse input module ......................................................................................................................... 48 5.11 Alarms zz --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48 Alarms setting....................................................................................................................................... 48 Types of alarms .................................................................................................................................... 48 5.12 Memory |zz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 Memory division ..................................................................................................................... 49 Memory operation ................................................................................................................................ 49 Memory clearing ..................................................................................................................... 49 Recoders A and B setting ............................................................................................................... 50 5.13 Conformity of voltage with SIST EN 50160 standard ||z -------------------------------------------- 50 Quality of supply .................................................................................................................... 50 Voltage variations ................................................................................................................... 51 Interruptions and dips ............................................................................................................. 51 Rapid voltage changes ............................................................................................................ 51 Temporary overvoltages, flickers ........................................................................................... 51 Harmonics and THD ............................................................................................................... 51 5.14 Reset operations zz---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 Reset Min / Max values .......................................................................................................... 52 Reset energy counters (E1, E2, E3, E4) .................................................................................. 52 Reset energy counters costs (E1, E2, E3, E4) ......................................................................... 52 Reset maximal MD values ...................................................................................................... 52 Reset the last MD period ......................................................................................................... 52 MD synchronization ................................................................................................................ 53 Reset alarm output .................................................................................................................. 53 5.15 Settings and SD/MMC cardzzz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 Directory structure on SD/MMC card.................................................................................................. 53 Handling SD/MMC card ...................................................................................................................... 54 SD/MMC information .......................................................................................................... 55 Save data ............................................................................................................................... 55 Save settings ......................................................................................................................... 56 Load settings ........................................................................................................................ 56 Firmware upgrading ............................................................................................................. 57 User’s Manual 29 Settings 5.1 Introduction Settings of measuring centre can be done via the front keyboard or with a PC and MiQen software. Setting is easier using MiQen. Basic and simpler settings are accessible via navigation keyboard. For new setting to be activated settings file should be transferred to the device via communication (MiQen) or SD/MMC card. Setting done via navigation keyboard comes in to function after confirmation (OK). 5.2 MiQen software MiQen software is a tool for complete monitoring of the measuring instruments. RS485/RS232 or TCP/IP communication is used for connection with a PC. A user-friendly interface consists of five segments: devices management, instrument settings, real-time measurements, data analysis and software upgrading. Two editions of MiQen software are available: • Professional edition with full functionality and supports all software assemblies. CD-Key is required for the installation. • Standard edition, freeware edition which supports all software assemblies except data analysis. Devices management Easy to do. Just select the instrument in a favourite’s line. Use the network explorer to set and explore the devices network. Communication parameters of all devices and their addresses in network can be easily set. Instrument settings Multi Register Edit technology assures a simple modification of settings that are organized in a tree structure. Besides transferring settings into the instrument, storing and reading from the setting files and SD/MMC’s are also available. Real-time measurements All supported measurements can be seen in real time in a table form. Harmonics and their timereconstructed signals are displayed also graphically. For further processing of the results of measurements, copying via a clipboard into standard Windows formats is supported. Data analysis Analysis can be performed for the instruments with a built-in memory. Recorded quantities can be monitored in a tabular or a graphical form. The events that triggered alarms can be analyzed or a report on supply voltage quality can be made. All data can be exported to an Access data base, Excel worksheets or as a text file. Software upgrading Always use the latest version of software, both MiQen and software in the instrument. The program automatically informs you on available upgrades that can be transferred from the web site and used for upgrading. 30 User’s Manual Settings Note More information about MiQen software can be found in MiQen Help system! MiQen user interface You can download freeware MiQen (standard edition) from: www.iskramis.si User’s Manual 31 Settings 5.3 Setting procedure Before setting the instrument by means of MiQen, the current settings should be read first. Reading is available either via communication (RS232, USB or Ethernet) or from a file (stored on a PC local disk or an SD/MMC). A setting structure that is similar to a file structure in an explorer is displayed in the left part of the MiQen setting window. Available settings of that segment are displayed in the right part by clicking any of the stated parameters. Note Some settings are probably not available due to unsupported measurements and/or functions that depend on the device type. For a survey of supported measurements and functions see chapter Type differences, pages 10 to 12. 5.4 General settings zzz General settings are essential for measuring centre. They are divided into four additional sublevels (Connection, Communication, Display and Security). Description and Location Two parameters that are intended for easier recognition of a certain unit. They are especially used for identification of the device or location on which measurements are performed. Average interval The averaging interval defines a refresh rate of measurements on LCD, communication and analogue outputs. Language Set language on LCD. When language is changed from or to Russian, characters of the password are changed too. For overview of character translation see chapter Password and language on page 42. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ General ⇒ Language Note If a wrong language is set, a menu of languages is displayed by simultaneous pressing up and down keys. 32 User’s Manual Settings Currency Choose currency for evaluating energy cost (see chapter Energy on page 42). A currency designation consists of up to four letters taken from the English or Russian alphabet and numbers and symbols stated in table below. English Symbols Russian A B C a b c ! " А Б В а б в D d # Г г E e $ Д д F f % Е е G g & Ж ж H h ' З з I i ( И и J j ) Й й K k * К к L l + Л л M m , М м N n Н н O o . O o P p / П п Q R S q r s 0 to 9 P С Т p с т T t : У у U u ; Ф ф V v < Х х W w = Ц ц X x > Ч ч Y Z y z ? @ ШЩ ш щ Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ General ⇒ Currency Temperature unit Choose a unit for temperature display. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ General ⇒ Temperature unit Date format Set a date format. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ Date & Time ⇒ Date format Date and time Set date and time of the meter. Setting is important for correct memory operation, maximal values (MD), etc. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ Date & Time ⇒ Date / Time Auto Summer/Winter time If Yes is chosen, time will be automatically shifted to a winter or a summer time, regarding the time that is momentarily set. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ Date & Time ⇒ Automatic S/W time Maximum demand calculation (MD mode) The instrument provides maximum demand values from a variety of average demand values: • • • Thermal function Fixed window Sliding windows (up to 15) Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ General ⇒ MD mode / MD time constant User’s Manual 33 Settings Thermal function A thermal function assures exponent thermal characteristic based on simulation of bimetal meters. Maximal values and time of their occurrence are stored in device. A time constant (t. c.) can be set from 1 to 255 minutes and is 6 − time thermal time constant (t. c. = 6 * thermal time constant). Example: Mode: Thermal function Time constant: 8 min. Current MD and maximal MD: Reset at 0 min. Measured value Thermal function Time const. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Time [min.] Present MD 34 MD peak Input User’s Manual Settings Fixed window A fixed window is a mode that calculates average value over a fixed time period. This (t. c. – time constant) can be set from 1 to 255 min. »TIME IN A PERIOD« will actively show the remaining time until the end of the period, until a current MD and maximal MD from the last reset are calculated. When displays for Pt(+/−), Qt(L/C), St, I1, I2 and I3 are updated, a new period and measurement of new average values are started. »TIME IN A PERIOD« then shows 0 of X min. A new period also starts after a longer interruption of power supply (more than 1 s). If time constant is set to one of the values of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30 or 60 minutes, »TIME IN A PERIOD« is set to such value that one of the following intervals will be terminated at a full hour. In other cases of time constants, »TIME IN A PERIOD« is set to 0. Example: Mode: Fixed window Time constant: 8 min. Current MD and maximal MD: Reset at 0 min. Measured value Fixed window 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Time [min.] Present MD User’s Manual MD peak Input 35 Settings Sliding windows A mode of sliding windows enables multiple calculation of average in a period and thus more frequent regeneration of measuring results. Average value over a complete period is displayed. A current MD is updated every sub period for average of previous sub periods. A number of sub periods can be set from 2 to 15. A time period (t. c.) can be set from 1 to 255 minutes. A new period also starts after a longer interruption of power supply (more than 1 s). If time constant is set to one of the values of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30 or 60 minutes, »TIME IN A PERIOD« is set to such value that one of the following intervals will be terminated at a full hour. In other cases of time constants, »TIME IN A PERIOD« is set to 0. Example: Mode: Sliding windows Time constant: 2 min. No. of sub periods: 4 Current MD and maximal MD: Reset at 0 min. A complete period lasts for 8 minutes and consists of 4 sub periods that are 2 minutes long. A current MD and a maximal MD are reset at 0 min. "TIME IN A PERIOD" is data for a sub period so that the values for a current MD and a maximal MD are regenerated every two minutes. After 4 sub periods (1 complete period) the oldest sub period is eliminated when a new one is added, so that average (a window) always covers the last 4 sub periods. Sliding windows Measured value 4 subperiods of 2 min. 4xC Time const. C 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Time [min.] Present MD 36 MD peak Input User’s Manual Settings Resetting Min/Max A mode of stored values deletion of Min/Max values is set. It can be set to a manual (see chapter Reset on page 52) or automatic mode (daily, weekly, monthly or yearly reset). Resets are performed at the beginning of a certain term at midnight. Daily – every day, weekly on Monday at 00:00, monthly − the first day in a month at 00:00, and yearly − the first day in a year 1.1. at 00:00. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ General ⇒ Min/Max reset mode Starting current for PF and PA (mA) At all measuring inputs noise is usually present. It is constant and its influence on the accuracy is increased by decreasing measuring signals. It is present also when measuring signals are not connected and it occurs at all further calculations as very sporadic measurements. By setting a common starting current, a limit of input signal is defined where measurements and all other calculations are still performed. Starting current for all powers (mA) Noise is limited with a starting current also at measurements and calculations of powers. Calculation of harmonics Selection of reference for calculation is important for calculation of absolute values of harmonics. It is possible to select between a percentage of harmonic of RMS signal value (current, voltage) or relative to the fundamental (first harmonic). At percentage of RMS, a signal rate is calculated for all harmonics. At percentage of 1st harmonic, all other harmonics are calculated relatively to 1st harmonic. 5.5 Connection zzz Note Settings of connections shall reflect actual state otherwise measurements are not valid. Connection When connection is selected, load connection and the supported measurements are defined (see chapter Survey of supported measurements regarding connection mode on page 59). Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ Connection ⇒ Connection mode 37 User’s Manual Settings Setting of current and voltage ratios Before setting current and voltage ratios it is necessary to be familiar with the conditions in which device will be used. All other measurements and calculations depend on these settings. Up to five decimal places can be set (up / down). To set decimal point and prefix (up / down) position the cursor (left /right) to last (empty) place or the decimal point. Settings range Maximal value Minimal value VT primary 1638,3 kV 0,1 V VT secondary 13383 V 1 mV CT primary 1638,3 kA 0,1 A CT secondary 13383 A 1 mA Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ Connection ⇒ VT primary / VT secondary / CT primary / CT secondary Used voltage and current range Setting of the range is connected with all settings of alarms, analogue outputs and a display (calculation) of energy and measurements recording, where 100% represents 500 V. In case of subsequent change of the range, alarms settings shall be correspondingly changed, as well. Nominal frequency A valid frequency measurement is within the range of nominal frequency ±32 Hz. This setting is used for alarms and recorders only. Wrong connection warning If all phase currents (active powers) do not have same sign (some are positive and some negative) and/or if phase voltages and phase currents are mixed, the warning will be activated if this setting is set to YES. This warning is seen only on remote display. See chapter 7. Energy flow direction This setting allows manual change of energy flow direction (IMPORT to EXPORT or vice versa) in readings tab. It has no influence on readings sent to communication or to memory. CT connection If this setting is set to REVERSED it has the same influence as if CT’s would be reversely connected. All power readings will also change its sign. 5.6 Communication zzz Serial Communication (COM1) Define parameters (only for COM1) that are important for the operation in RS485 network or connections with PC via RS232 communication. Factory settings of communication are #33\115200,n,8,2 (address 1 to 247\rate 2400 to 115200 b/s, parity, data bits, stop bit). Data type (XML-smart, XML-logic): With this setting a required data format for sending data to receiver using PUSH communication mode is set. For more information about PUSH communication mode and XML data format see chapter 7 on page 75 and appendix E on page 105. 38 User’s Manual Settings Response time: With this setting a maximum waiting time for acknowledgement of sent data in PUSH communication mode is set. Time synchronization: Which type of communication is used for synchronization of time for PUSH communication mode purpose. USB Communication For description of all settings see Serial Communication (COM1). Ethernet communication Device Address: Each device should have its unique address number when connected to the network. Usable range of addresses is from 1 to 247. Default address number is 33. IP address: Communication interface should have a unique IP address in the Ethernet network. Two modes for assigning IP are possible: Fixed IP address: In most installations a fixed IP address is required. A system provider usually defines IP addresses. An IP address should be within a valid IP range, unique for your network and in the same subnetwork as your PC. DHCP: Automatic (dynamic) method of assigning IP addressed (DHCP) is used in most networks. If you are not sure if DHPC is used in your network, check it at your system provider. Local Port: The physical connector on a device enabling the connection to be made. Use a non reserved port number from 1025 to 65535. If using Redirector software, the port number should be between 14000 and 14009. Port numbers Function 1 – 1024, 9999, 30718, 33333 Reserved numbers 14000 – 14009 Reserved for Redirector Factory settings of Ethernet communication are: IP Address DHCP (automatically) TCP Port 10001 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 Sending data: When PUSH communication mode is used, data can be send (pushed) to two different servers. Within this setting, all parameters relevant to used servers should be set, as well as data type for sent data, time synchronization source and server response time. For more information about PUSH communication mode and XML data format see chapter 6 on page 75 and appendix D on page 105 User’s Manual 39 Settings 5.7 Display zzz Display settings A combination of setting of the contrast and back light defines visibility and legibility of a display. Display settings shall be defined in compliance with the conditions in which it will be monitored. Economizing mode switches off back light according to the set time of inactivity. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ LCD ⇒ Contrast / Back light / Back light time off Demo cycling period It defines time in seconds for each displayed screen of measurements on LCD. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ LCD ⇒ Demo cycling period Settings of customized screens For easier and faster survey of measurements that are important for the user, three settings of customized screens are available. Each customized screen displays three measurements. When setting customized screens the designations are displayed in shorter form, with up to 4 characters. For survey of all designations see chapter Survey of supported measurements regarding connection on page 59. Example: Desired result: Customized screen 1 Customized screen 2 Customized screen 3 Average phase voltage Av. Phase to phase volts Voltage unbalance Total current Neutral current Average current Power angle (U1−I1) Frequency THD of power angle I1 Setting: Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ LCD ⇒ Custom screen 1 / 2 / 3 Customized screen 1 Customized screen 2 Customized screen 3 Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Present values ⇒ Custom OK ⇔ 40 ⇔ User’s Manual Settings 5.8 Security zzz Settings parameters are divided into four groups regarding security level: 1 At the lowest level (PL0), where a password is not required, parameters of LCD can be set: language, contrast and LCD back light. 2 At the first level (PL1), settings of a real time clock MC744 / MC754 / MC764 can be changed, and energy meters and MD can be reset. 3 At the second level (PL2), the access to all data that are protected with the first level (PL1) and setting of all other parameters in the »SETTINGS« menu are available. 4 A backup password (BP) is used if passwords at levels 1 (PL1) and 2 (PL2) have been forgotten, and it is different for each device (depending on a serial number of the meter). The BP password is available in the user support department in ISKRA MIS, and is entered instead of the password PL1 or/and PL2. Do not forget to state the meter serial meter when contacting the personnel in ISKRA MIS. Note A serial number of device is stated on the label, LCD (see example below) and is also accessible when MiQen software. The access to the meter serial number via a keyboard Example: Main menu ⇒ Info OK ⇓ OK ⇓ Password setting A password consists of four letters taken from the British alphabet from A to Z. When setting a password, only the letter being set is visible while the others are covered with *. A password of the first (L1) and the second (L2) level is entered, and time of automatic activation is set. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ Security ⇒ Password level 1 / Password level 2 / Password lock time Password modification A password is optionally modified; however, only that password can be modified to which the access is unlocked at the moment. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ Security ⇒ Password level 1 / Password level 2 User’s Manual 41 Settings Password disabling A password is disabled by setting the "AAAA" password. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ Security ⇒ Password level 1 / Password level 2 ⇒ "AAAA" OK Note A factory set password is "AAAA" at both access levels (L1 and L2). This password does not limit access. Password and language Language change is possible without password input. When language is changed from or to Russian, character transformation has to be taken in to account. Character transformation table (English or Russian alphabet) is stated below. English Russian A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н O П P С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч ШЩ 5.9 Energy zzz Warning! After modification of energy parameters, the energy meters must be reset otherwise all further energy measurements could be incorrect. Active tariff When active tariff is set, one of the tariffs is defined as active; switching between tariffs is done either with a tariff clock or a tariff input. For the operation of the tariff clock other parameters of the tariff clock that are accessible only via communication or SD/MMC must be set correctly. Common energy exponent Common energy exponent defines minimal energy that can be displayed on the energy counter. On the basis of this and a counter divider, a basic calculation prefix for energy is defined (−3 is 10−3Wh = mWh, 4 is 104Wh = 10 kWh). A common energy exponent also influences in setting a number of impulses for energy of pulse output or alarm output functioning as an energy meter. Common exponent of energy cost Setting enables resolving the cost display. On the basis of this and a diving constant, a basic calculation prefix for energy cost is defined. Common exponent of tariff price and energy price in tariffs Exponent and price represent energy price (active, reactive, common) in a tariff. The price exponent is used for recording the price without decimal places. 42 User’s Manual Settings Counter divider The counter divider additionally defines precision of a certain counter, according to settings of common energy exponent. An example for 1kW of consumed active energy in the first tariff (price 86.81 EUR/kWh): Common energy exponent 0 2 2 Counter divider 1 1 100 Common energy cost exponent −2 −2 −2 Common tariff price exponent −4 −4 −4 Price for energy in tariff 1 8681 8681 8681 Unit EUR EUR EUR 2.577 kWh 2,22 EUR 0.2577 MWh 223.74 EUR 25.77 MWh 22375.25 EUR Example of result, display Tariff clock Basic characteristics of a program tariff clock: • • • • • • 4 tariffs (T1 to T4) Up to 4 time spots in each Day program for tariff switching Whichever combination of valid days in a week or holidays for each program Combining of day groups (use of over 4 time spots for certain days in a week) Separate settings for 4 seasons a year Up to 20 settable dates for holidays Operation of internal tariff clock Tariff status is displayed in the Info menu. Example of display for selected Active tariff: Main menu ⇒ Info OK ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇒ or or Day program sets up to 4 time spots (rules) for each day group in a season for tariff switching. A date of real time clock defines an active period. An individual period is active from the period starting date to the first next date of the beginning of other periods. The order of seasons and starting dates is not important, except when two dates are equal. In that case the season with a higher successive number has priority, while the season with a lower number will never be active. If no starting date of a season is active, the active period is 1. If the present date is before the first starting date of any period, the period is active with the last starting date. User’s Manual 43 Settings Example of settings: Season Season 1: Season 2: Season 3: Season 4: Date 01.01. − 14.02. 15.02. − 31.05. 01.06. − 29.10. 30.10. − 31.12. Season start day 15.02 30.10 − 01.06 Active season 2 (last in the year) 1 4 2 Days in a week and selected dates for holidays define time spots for each daily group in a period for tariff switching. Dates for holidays have priority over days in a week. When the real time clock date is equal to one of a date of holidays, tariff is switched to holiday, within a period of active daily group with a selected holiday. If there is no date of holidays that is equal to the real time clock date, all daily groups with the selected current day in a week are active. Several daily groups can be active simultaneously, which enables more than 4 time spots in one day (combine of day programs). If the time spot is not set for a certain day, tariff T1 is chosen. Time of a real time clock defines an active tariff regarding currently active day program. A selected tariff T1 to T4 of individual time spot is active from the time of the time spot to the first next time of the remaining time spots. The order of time spots is not important, except when two times are equal. In that case the time with a higher successive number has priority (if several time spots are active, times of higher time spots have higher successive numbers), while the time spot with a lower number will never be active. If current time is before the first time of any time spot of active spots, the time spot with the last time is chosen. If no time spot of active programs is valid, tariff T1 is chosen. Time selected tariff T1 to T4 or fixed selected tariff (via communication) defines activity of an energy counter. 44 User’s Manual Settings 5.10 Inputs and outputs zzz INPUT / OUTPUT modules Instrument can be equiped with: • - 2 double I/O modules (Module 1 and 2) • - 2 octuple I/O modules (Module 3 and 4) Double I/O modules have three terminals.The following modules are available: • Alarm output 2 outputs • Analogue output 2 x 20 mA outputs • Pulse output 2 outputs • Tariff input 2 inputs • Bistable alarm output 1 output • Digital input 2 inputs • Analogue input 2 inputs • Pulse input 2 inputs • Additional communication port (COM2) Octuple I/O modules have 9 terminals.The following modules are available: Alarm output 8 outputs • Digital output 8 outputs • Digital input 8 inputs • Analogue output 4 x 20 mA outputs • Analogue input 4 inputs • The meter is available without, with one, two, 3 or 4 modules. Module settings depend on built-in modules. Double I/O modules all have a double input or output, except for a Bistable alarm module and secondary communication module. All modules with a double input or output are presented as two separate modules in MiQen. Octuple I/O modules all have a octuple input or output, except for a analogue input and output module. An alarm output and a pulse output can be set via a keyboard. When selecting settings of energy and quadrants for a certain meter, only preset selection is possible, while more demanding settings are accessible via communication. For other modules, information on a built-in module is available via LCD. Pulse module A corresponding energy counter is defined to a pulse output. A number of pulses per energy unit, pulse length, and a tariff set in which output is active are set. Warning! Pulse parameters are defined by SIST EN 62053−31 standard. In chapter Calculation of recommended pulse parameters, below a simplified rule is described to assist you in setting the pulse output parameters. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ Inputs/Outputs ⇒ I/O 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 ⇒ Setting of pulse output OK User’s Manual 45 Settings The pulse module can also function as an alarm output with limited current load (max. 20 mA). Calculation of recommended pulse parameters Number of pulses per energy unit should be in certain limits according to expected power. If not so the measurement from pulse output can be incorrect. Settings of current and voltage transformers can help in estimation of expected power. Principle described below for pulse setting, where e is prefix, satisfies SIST EN 62053−31: 2001 standards pulse specifications: 1,5K15 eW → 100 p 1 eWh Examples: Expected power 150 − 1500 kW 1,5 − 15 MW 15 − 150 MW 150 − 1500 MW → → → → → Pulse output settings 1 p/1kWh 100 p/1MWh 10 p/1MWh 1 p/1MWh Analogue input module Three types of analogue inputs are suitable for acquisition of low voltage DC signals from different sensors. According to application requirements it is possible to choose current, voltage or resistance (temperature) analogue input. They all use the same terminals. MiQen software allows setting an appropriate calculation factor, exponent and required unit for representation of primary measured value (temperature, pressure, flux…) DC current range: Range setting allows bipolar ±20 mA or ±2 mA max. input value DC voltage range: Range setting allows bipolar ±10 V or ±1 V max. input value Resistance / temperature range: Range setting allows 2000Ω or 200 Ω max. input value It is also possible to choose temperature sensor (PT100 or PT1000) with direct translation into temperature (-200°C to +850°C). Since only two-wire connection is possible it is recommended that wire resistance is also set, when long leads are used. Note Unused resistance input(s) must be short wired together. 46 User’s Manual Settings Alarm module Alarm groups that are connected with an alarm module and a signal shape are defined. Main menu ⇒ Settings ⇒ Inputs/Outputs ⇒ V/I 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 ⇒ Setting of alarm output OK An alarm module can also function as a pulse output with limited pulse length (min. 10 ms). Other parameters are defined in the same way as at a pulse module. A parallel RC filter with time constant of at least 250 µs (R·C ≥ 250 µs) should be used in case of a sensitive pulse counter. RC filter attenuates relay transient signals. Signal shape: • Normal − A relay is closed until condition for the alarm is fulfilled. • Normal inverse − A relay is open until condition for the alarm is fulfilled. • Holds − A relay is closed when condition for the alarm is fulfilled, and remains closed until it is reset via communication. • Pulse − an impulse of the set length is sent always when condition for the alarm is fulfilled. • Always switched on / off (permanent) – A relay is permanently switched on or switched off irrespective of the condition for the alarm. User information This possibility of permanent alarm setting enables remote control via communication. Bistable alarm module A Bistable alarm module is a relay type and keeps the condition at output in case of device power failure. Alarm output An alarm output can set selected groups of alarms (1 to 4 groups) and a signal shape. Analogue module Analogue output Quantity and shape (up to 6 break points) of an analogue output are assigned. Tariff module Tariff input No setting. It operates by setting active tariff at a tariff input (see chapter Tariff clock on page 43). The instrument can have maximal one module with 2 tariff inputs only. With the combination of 2 tariff inputs maximal 4 tariffs can be selected. User’s Manual 47 Settings 2nd Communication module (COM2) Module is preset for RS232 or RS485 communication. Module settings define parameters that are important for the operation in RS485 network or connections with PC via RS232 communication. Factory settings of communication are #33\115200,n,8,2 (address 1 to 247\rate 2400 to 115200 b/s, parity, data bits, stop bit). Digital input module No setting. General purpose digital input can be used for various alarms function (unauthorized access notification, switch ON or OFF…). Pulse input module No setting. General purpose pulse counter from external meters (water, gas, heat…). Its value can be assigned to any of four energy counters. See chapter Energy on page 42 5.11 Alarms zz Alarms are used for alarming exceeded set values of the measured quantities. − MC744 no supported alarms recording into memory Alarms setting When PUSH communication mode is active, all alarms can be sent (pushed) to a predefined location inside local or wide area network. Settings allow choosing an appropriate destination for data to be sent, time interval of sent data and a delay time for sending data if they can not be sent immediately due to restrictions in network. For more information about PUSH communication mode see chapter 7 on page 75. Measuring centre supports recording and storing of 32 alarms in 4 groups. For each group of alarms a time constant of maximal values in thermal mode, a delay time and alarm deactivation hysteresis can be defined. Quantity, value (a current value or a MD – thermal function) and a condition for alarm switchon are defined for every individual alarm. Warning! New values of alarms are calculated in percentage at modification of connection settings. Types of alarms Visual alarm When alarm is switched on, a red LED on the meter front side is blinking (see figure shown on next page). Audible alarm When alarm is switched on, an audible alarm is given by the meter (a beep). It can be switched off by pressing any key on the front plate (see figure shown on next page). 48 User’s Manual Settings Alarm output (pulse) According to the alarm signal shape the output relay will behave as shown on next page. 5.12 Memory |zz Measurements, alarms, reports and details of supply voltage quality are stored in a built in memory in the MC754, MC764 8Mb flash. All records stored in memory are accessible via communication or SD/MMC card with MiQen software. | − MC744 no memory Memory division MC memory is divided into 3 partitions which size is defined by the user. The A and B recorders are intended for recording measurements, while all alarms that occurred are recorded in an alarm partition. MC764 has 2 additional partitions for recording reports and details on the quality of supply voltage (see chapter Quality of supply, next page). Memory operation Memory functions in a cyclic mode in compliance with the FIFO method. This means that only the latest records are stored in the memory that will replace the oldest ones. A number of stored data or a storing period depends on selected partition size, a number of recorded quantities and time of division sampling. Occupancy of partitions is shown in the Information menu (see chapter 4.2 Display of device info on page 25). Memory clearing There is usually no need to clear the memory, because it works in cyclic mode. If you want to clear memory data anyway, the data storing must be stopped first. Read the instrument settings with MiQen and set “Recorder state” in Memory setting group to stopped. Download changes User’s Manual 49 Settings to the device and open Memory info form and then click on Clear memory button. Select memory partitions to be cleared on Memory clearing form and click on OK button. Set “Recorder state” setting back to active. Recoders A and B setting Separately, for each of two recorders (A and B), settings can be set: Sampling time sets a time interval for readings to be written to a recorder Time constant for maximal value in thermal mode for values 1-8 and 9-16 sets a period for maximal value in thermal mode calculation. When PUSH communication mode is active, all measurements which are set to be written to the memory (max. 32 in both recorders), can be sent (pushed) to a predefined location inside local or wide area network. Settings allow choosing an appropriate destination for data to be sent, time interval of sent data and a delay time for sending data if they can not be sent immediately due to restrictions in network. For more information about PUSH communication mode see chapter 7 on page 75. For each of 16 measurements, which are to be recorded it is possible to set a required value and its representation (min., max.,avg…). 5.13 Conformity of voltage with SIST EN 50160 standard ||z The SIST EN 50160 standard deals with voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems. This specifies the limits or values within which a customer can expect voltage characteristics to lie. Within this definition the Network analyzer is adapted for supervising the compliance of distribution systems with the SIST EN 50160 standard. z − MC764 enables supervision of network compliance with the SIST EN 50160 standard Based on requirements stated in the standard, default parameters are set in the meter according to which supervision of all required parameters is done. Parameters can also be changed in detailed setting of individual characteristic. Quality of supply Basic parameters are defined that influence other settings. User information Un − Nominal supply voltage with which network is marked and to which individual operation parameters refer. Uc − Agreed supply voltage is usually network voltage (Un). If a client and a supplier agree about voltage that is different from nominal voltage, that voltage is considered as agreed supply voltage. Monitoring mode It defines if the instrument performs measurements for network compliance with the standard. Electric energetic system Public distribution system and, if necessary, all default settings are selected. Nominal supply voltage A value that is usually equal to nominal network voltage is entered. 50 User’s Manual Settings Nominal power frequency Nominal frequency of supply voltage is selected. Monitoring period For a report of electric voltage quality, a monitoring period is defined. A number of monitored weeks is entered. Monitoring start day A starting day in a week is selected. It starts at 00:00 (midnight). The selected day will be the first day in a report. Voltage hysteresis Hysteresis for voltage dips, interruptions and overvoltages is set in percentage from nominal voltage. Sending reports and report details When PUSH communication mode is active, reports about quality and report details for each parameter, can be sent (pushed) to a predefined location inside local or wide area network. Settings allow choosing an appropriate destination for data to be sent, time interval of sent data and a delay time for sending data if they can not be sent immediately due to restrictions in network. For more information about PUSH communication mode see chapter 7 on page 75. Frequency variations All frequency measurements are performed in 10−second intervals of averaging. For both required quality variations a range of variation is defined in percentage. Percentage of required measurements within the limits (required quality) in the monitored period is also defined. Voltage variations All voltage measurements are performed in 10−minute intervals of averaging. For all required variations a range of deviation is defined in percentage. Percentage of required measurements (required quality) within the limits in the monitored period is also defined. Interruptions and dips A limit for voltage dip and interruption is defined in percentage with regard to nominal voltage. A limit between short-term and long-term interruption is defined in seconds. Other parameters define limits of events in a monitored period. Rapid voltage changes A change limit in percentage of nominal voltage and permitted number of events in a monitored period are defined. Temporary overvoltages, flickers There are two types of flickers: short-term flicker intensity (Pst) and long-term flicker intensity (Plt). Required quality in a monitored period is defined for flickers. A number of allowed events in the period are defined for temporary overvoltages. Harmonics and THD Permitted limits for the first 25 harmonic components and required quality in a monitored period are defined. User’s Manual 51 Settings Reset operations zz − MC744 does not have some measurements for reset supported (see chapter Type differences, pages 10 to 12) Reset Min / Max values All Min / Max values are reset. Main menu ⇒ Resets ⇒ Min/Max values ⇒ Reset energy counters (E1, E2, E3, E4) All or individual energy meters are reset. Main menu ⇒ Resets ⇒ Energy counters ⇒ All energy counters / Energy counter E1 / E2 / E3 / E4 OK Reset energy counters costs (E1, E2, E3, E4) All or individual energy costs are reset. Main menu ⇒ Resets ⇒ Energy counters ⇒ All cost counters / Cost counter E1 / E2 / E3 / E4 OK Reset maximal MD values Thermal mode Current and stored MDs are reset. Fixed interval / Sliding windows The values in the current time interval, in all sub-windows for sliding windows and stored MD are reset. In the same time, synchronization of time interval to the beginning of the first subwindow is also performed. Main menu ⇒ Resets ⇒ MD values ⇒ Reset the last MD period Thermal mode Current MD value is reset. Fixed interval / Sliding windows Values in the current time interval and in all sub-windows for sliding windows are reset. In the same time, synchronization of the time interval is also performed. Main menu ⇒ Resets ⇒ Last period MD ⇒ 52 User’s Manual Settings MD synchronization Thermal mode In this mode, synchronization does not have any influence. Fixed interval / Sliding windows Synchronization sets time in a period or a sub-period for sliding windows to 0 (zero). If the interval is set to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30 or 60 minutes, time in a period is set to such value that some intervals will be terminated at completed hour. Example: Main menu ⇒ Resets ⇒ Synchronize MD ⇒ Time constant (interval) 15 min 10 min 7 min Synchronization start time 10:42 10:42 10:42 Time in a period 12 min 2 min 0 min First final interval 10:45 10:50 10:49 Reset alarm output All alarms are reset. Main menu ⇒ Reset ⇒ Reset alarm output ⇒ 5.14 Settings and SD/MMC card zzz Measuring centre is provided with a built in slot for a full size SD/MMC memory card that is used for measurements transfer from internal memory, meter setting and software upgrading. The SD/MMC card shall be formatted with the FAT16 file system. Directory structure on SD/MMC card A structure of directories is defined and enables correct data handling via an SD/MMC card. The SD/MMC card shall contain the following directories and files: • • • DATA SETTING UPGRADE File: Automenu.txt (option) DATA Records from the internal memory are collected in the DATA directory. To upload data of several meters to the SD/MMC card, each meter checks and, if necessary, creates its own subdirectory before data transfer. Each subdirectory uses a meter serial number as its name and stores files with data in it. Each file name contains date (year, month and day) and a record sequence number of that day. User’s Manual 53 Settings Warning! When uploading data file to SD/MMC and there is a file with sequence number 99 of that day, a file with sequence number 00 is generated. File with sequence number 00 of that day, is overwritten in case of any further uploading data that day. SETTING Settings are stored in the directory using two recording modes: • • With a type designation and a sequence number from 1 to 9 With an device serial number UPGRADE A file with upgrades is available for upload with the MiQen software. A file has a name of a corresponding device type designation and suffix fl2 (e.g. MC764.FL2). Automenu.txt For faster and easier upgrading of the firmware there is »Automenu.txt« file in the root directory. When an SD/MMC card with a file is inserted and if upgrade version is higher, display automatically jumps into the SD/MMC card menu and suggests the Software upgrade menu, otherwise it automatically jumps into the Save data menu. When upgrading is finished and the OK key is pressed and SD/MMC card is removed, the menu that was displayed before inserting the SD/MMC card is displayed. Automenu.txt file can be created by the user by means of the text editor. A new file has to be opened and saved under the correct name (Automenu.txt) and without content. Example: DATA MC003973 06050301.MMC 06050301.MMC 06070301.MMC 06060301.MMC 06070301.MMC MC003974 MC009424 SETTING MC003973.MSF MC760−1.MSF MC760−2.MSF MC750−1.MSF UPGRADE Automenu.txt MC760.FL2 Handling SD/MMC card Measuring centre is provided with a slot on the front side for an SD/MMC card with a protection cover that is simply removed before inserting the SD/MMC card. The cover shall be fixed to the SD/MMC card after work is done. 54 User’s Manual Settings Warning! While SD/MMC card activity LED is pulsating it should not be touched or pulled out of the slot. SD/MMC information Measuring centre checks a file system and capacity of the inserted SD/MMC card. Main menu ⇒ SD/MMC card ⇒ SD/MMC info OK Save data Sections For each section define whether it is included for a record in a file. Date Since the last transfer, all available data from the last official reading with a password is included. For the Last week and the Last month, all data of the last complete unit (a week, a month) with the beginning in the first day at 00:00 is included. The selected date defines a day with the beginning at 00:00 from which further on to the current time of data transfer. When all data is selected, all data for an individual section, that are stored in the memory up to the moment when reading is started, are transferred. Official reading If official reading is selected date of reading is stored in instrument, and is applied at the next official reading. Example: Main menu ⇒ SD/MMC card ⇒ Save data OK OK ⇔ OK User’s Manual 55 Settings Save settings File of current device settings are stored in SETTING directory. File name consists of device serial number and MSF extension. In case of file already stored on SD/MMC card, the device warns if file should be overwritten. Load settings For loading settings, the files that correspond to the device type are displayed on LCD. When a file is selected, it is necessary to choose the segments of settings that will be overwritten. A number of registers that will be modified is written next to each segment. After settings transfer, a warning on errors could be displayed. Errors occur when the module setting and a memory capacity differ from the used ones in the device. A number of settings (registers) that do not match and are neither modified is displayed after warning. Basic settings At transfer of basic settings, settings of connections, ratios, used voltage and current ranges as well as nominal frequency are not changed. New settings can influence energy counters if recorded in a memory. Alarms Settings of all alarms are changed, but old alarms with previous settings remain in the memory. Recorders Recorder overwriting enables modified setting of connection, ratio, used voltage and current ranges as well as nominal frequency. All other data in a memory is lost. Example of a display on LCD for MC764: Main menu ⇒ MMC card ⇒ Load settings OK 56 ⇒ User’s Manual Settings Firmware upgrading Before upgrading files on SD/MMC are checked first, this can last some time (approx. 1 minute). When both versions are displayed, upgrade can be performed if the device software version is lower or equal to the version in a file. Warning! When upgrading firmware software don’t touch or pull out SD/MMC card and don’t interrupt power supply - the device could become inoperative! Repairing of device in this case is to be done by authorized service. Upgrade error codes: Error 1: SD/MMC not inserted Error 2: Error on FAT16 file system Error 3: File not exist (.fl2) Error 4: Error in .fl2 file Error 5: File too long (.fl2) Error 6: Invalid file (.fl2) Error 7: Incorrect upgrade version (.fl2) User’s Manual 57 Measurements 6. MEASUREMENTS 6.1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 6.2 Supported measurements----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 6.3 Available connections--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 Survey of supported measurements regarding connection mode......................................................... 59 6.4 Explanation of basic concepts ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63 Sample factor − MV .............................................................................................................................. 63 Average interval − MP .......................................................................................................................... 63 Power and energy flow ......................................................................................................................... 63 6.5 Calculation and display of measurements zz--------------------------------------------------------- 64 6.6 Present values zz ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65 Voltage ..................................................................................................................................... 65 Current ..................................................................................................................................... 65 Active, reactive and apparent power ....................................................................................... 65 Power factor and power angle ................................................................................................. 66 Frequency ................................................................................................................................ 66 Energy ...................................................................................................................................... 66 MD values ................................................................................................................................ 67 THD − Total harmonic distortion ............................................................................................ 67 Customized screens ................................................................................................................. 67 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 67 6.7 Min/Max values ||zzz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 69 Phase voltage ........................................................................................................................... 69 Phase-to-phase voltage ............................................................................................................ 69 Current ..................................................................................................................................... 69 Active power ............................................................................................................................ 69 Apparent power ....................................................................................................................... 69 Frequency ................................................................................................................................ 69 Date and time of reset .............................................................................................................. 69 6.8 Alarms ||zzz ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70 Survey of alarms ...................................................................................................................... 70 6.9 Power supply quality ||||z ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70 Monitoring periods .......................................................................................................... 70 Parameters ............................................................................................................................... 71 6.10 Time graphical display (Graphs time) ||zzz -------------------------------------------------------- 73 Phase voltage ........................................................................................................................... 73 Phase-to-phase voltage ............................................................................................................ 73 Current ..................................................................................................................................... 73 6.11 FFT graphical display (Graphs FFT) ||z ----------------------------------------------------------- 74 Phase voltage ........................................................................................................................... 74 Phase-to-phase voltage ............................................................................................................ 74 Current ..................................................................................................................................... 74 6.12 Demonstration measurements zzzzz ------------------------------------------------------------------ 74 Demo cycling ................................................................................................................................ 74 User’s Manual 58 Measurements 6.1 Introduction In the following chapters the meter operation is explained more in detail. 6.2 Supported measurements Measurements support regarding the device type is described in chapter Type differences, pages 10 to 12. Selection of supported measurements of individual instrument type is changed with the connection settings. 6.3 Available connections Different electric connections are described more in detail in chapter Electric connection on page 15. Connections are marked as follows: −Connection 1b (1W) − Single phase connection −Connection 3b (1W3) − Three-phase – three-wire connection with balanced load −Connection 4b (1W4) − Three-phase – four-wire connection with balanced load −Connection 3u (2W3) − Three-phase – three-wire connection with unbalanced load −Connection 4u (3W4) − Tree-phase – four-wire connection with unbalanced load Note Measurements support depends on connection mode the instrument type. Calculated measurements are only informative. Phase Survey of supported measurements regarding connection mode All measurements, with designations can be displayed on customized screens. Basic measurements Voltage U1 Voltage U2 Voltage U3 Average voltage U~ Current I1 Current I2 Current I3 Current In Total current It Average current Ia Active power P1 Active power P2 Active power P3 Total active power Pt Reactive power Q1 Reactive power Q2 Reactive power Q3 Total reactive power Qt ● – supported User’s Manual Designat. U1 U2 U3 U I1 I2 I3 Inc I Iavg P1 P2 P3 P Q1 Q2 Q3 Q ○ − calculated Unit V V V V A A A A A A W W W W var var var var 1b ● × × × ● × × × ● × ● × × ● ● × × ● 3b 3u 4b 4u × × ● ● × × ○ ● × × ○ ● × × ○ ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● × × ● ● × × ○ ● × × ○ ● ● ● ○ ● × × ● ● × × ○ ● × × ○ ● ● ● ○ ● × − not supported 59 Phase-to-phase Phase Measurements Basic measurements Apparent power S1 Apparent power S2 Apparent power S3 Total apparent power St Power factor PF1 Power factor PF2 Power factor PF3 Total power factor PF~ Power angle φ1 Power angle φ2 Power angle φ3 Total power angle φ~ THD of phase voltage Uf1 THD of phase voltage Uf2 THD of phase voltage Uf3 THD of phase current I1 THD of phase current I2 THD of phase current I3 Phase-to-phase voltage U12 Phase-to-phase voltage U23 Phase-to-phase voltage U31 Average phase-to-phase voltage (Uff) Phase-to-phase angle φ12 Phase-to-phase angle φ23 Phase-to-phase angle φ31 Voltage unbalance Uu THD of phase-to-phase voltage THDU12 THD of phase-to-phase voltage THDU23 THD of phase-to-phase voltage THDU31 Energy Active tariff Max. values MD Counters 1−4 Total cost MD current I1 MD current I2 MD current I3 MD active power P (positive) MD active power P (negative) MD reactive power Q−L MD reactive power Q−C MD apparent power S ● – supported 60 Cost by meters Designat. S1 S2 S3 S PF1/ePF1 PF2/ePF2 PF3/ePF3 PF/ePF φ1 φ2 φ3 φ U1% U2% U3% I1% I2% I3% U12 U23 U31 U φ12 φ23 φ31 Uu U12% U23% U31% E1, E2, E3, E4 Unit VA VA VA VA ° ° ° ° %THD %THD %THD %THD %THD %THD V V V V ° ° ° % %THD %THD %THD Wh VAh varh Atar E1$, E2$, XXXX E3$, E4$ E$ XXXX I1 A I2 A I3 A P+ W P− W Q var Q var S VA ○ − calculated 1b ● × × ● ● × × ● ● × × ● ● × × ● × × × × × × × × × × × × × 3b × × × ● × × × ● × × × ● × × × ● ○ ○ ● ● ● ● × × × ● ● ● ● 3u × × × ● × × × ● × × × ● × × × ● ● ● ● ● ● ● × × × ● ● ● ● 4b ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ × ○ ○ ○ 4u ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● × × ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● × − not supported User’s Manual Measurements Note Basic and MD measurements have designations for recognition via LCD. In this way they can be selected via LCD for a display on customized screens. Warning! Instantaneous / Maximal / Minimal values Flickers Pst / Plt When, due to mode of connection, unsupported measurement is selected for customized screen a undefined value is displayed. Flicker measurement Designat. Short term f. 1. phase voltage Plt1 Short term f. 2. phase voltage Plt2 Short term f. 3. phase voltage Plt3 Short term f. 1. phase-to-phase voltage Pst1 Short term f. 2. phase-to-phase voltage Pst2 Short term f. 3. phase-to-phase voltage Pst3 Long term f. 1. phase voltage Plt1 Long term f. 2. phase voltage Plt2 Long term f. 3. phase voltage Plt3 Long term f. 1. phase-to-phase voltage Pst1 Long term f. 2. phase-to-phase voltage Pst2 Long term f. 3. phase-to-phase voltage Pst3 Min/max measurements Voltage U1 Voltage U2 Voltage U3 Phase-to-phase voltage U12 Phase-to-phase voltage U23 Phase-to-phase voltage U31 Phase current I1 Phase current I2 Phase current I3 Active power P1 Active power P2 Active power P3 Total active power P Apparent power S1 Apparent power S2 Apparent power S3 Total apparent power S Frequency f Internal temperature ● – supported ○ − calculated User’s Manual 1b ● × × × × × ● × × ● × × × ● × × × ● ● Unit 3b 3u 4b × × ● × × ○ × × ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ × × ● × × ○ × × ○ ● ● ○ × × ● × × ○ × × ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ● ● ● ● × − not supported 1b ● × × × × × ● × × × × × 3b × × × ● ● ● × × × ● ● ● 3u × × × ● ● ● × × × ● ● ● 4b ● ○ ○ × × × ● ○ ○ × × × 4u ● ● ● × × × ● ● ● × × × 4u ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 61 Harmonics up to 63rd 1b ● × × × × × ● × × 3b 3u 4b × × ● × × ○ × × ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ × − not supported 4u ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Graphical display Phase voltage U1 Phase voltage U2 Phase voltage U3 Phase-to-phase voltage U12 Phase-to-phase voltage U23 Phase-to-phase voltage U31 Phase current I1 Phase current I2 Phase current I3 ● – supported ○ − calculated 1b ● × × × × × ● × × 3b 3u 4b × × ● × × ○ × × ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ○ ● ● ● ○ ● ○ ○ ● ○ × − not supported 4u ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Voltage quality measurements Frequency variations 1 / 2 Voltage variations 1 / 2 Voltage unbalances Voltage dips Voltage interruptions Long interruptions Rapid voltage changes Flickers Pst / Plt Temporary overvoltages 1b ● ● × ● ● × × × ● 3b ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 3u ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 4b ● ● × ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ● 4u ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● THD's × ○ ● ○ ● Quality parameters Measurements of harmonics Phase voltage U1 Phase voltage U2 Phase voltage U3 Phase-to-phase voltage U12 Phase-to-phase voltage U23 Phase-to-phase voltage U31 Phase current I1 Phase current I2 Phase current I3 ● – supported ○ − calculated Time / FFT Measurements Harmonics ● – supported × ○ − calculated ○ ● ○ × − not supported ● Note For 3b and 3u connection mode, only phase to phase voltages are measured. Because of that factor √3 is applied to calculation of quality considering nominal phase voltage. For 4u connection mode measurements support is same as for 1b. 62 User’s Manual Measurements 6.4 Explanation of basic concepts Sample factor − MV A meter measures all primary quantities with sample frequency which can not exceed a certain number of samples in a time period. Based on these limitations (65Hz·128 samples) a sample factor is calculated. A sample factor (MV), depending on frequency of a measured signal, defines a number of periods for a measurement calculation and thus a number of harmonics considered in calculations. Average interval − MP Due to readability of measurements from LCD and via communication, an Average interval (MP) is calculated with regard to the measured signal frequency. The Average interval (see chapter Average interval on page 32) defines refresh rate of displayed measurements based on a sampling factor. Power and energy flow Figures below show a flow of active power, reactive power and energy for 4u connection. User’s Manual 63 Measurements Note Display of energy flow direction can be adjusted to connection and operation requirements by changing the Energy flow direction settings in general / connection (see page 38). 6.5 Calculation and display of measurements zz This chapter deals with capture, calculation and display of all supported quantities of measurement. Only the most important equations are described; however, all of them are shown in chapter Equations on page 101 with additional descriptions and explanations. − MC744 does not have all described measurements supported (see chapter Type differences on pages 10 to 12) Note Calculation and display of measurements depend on the device type and connection used. For more detailed information see chapters Survey of supported measurements regarding connection mode on page 59. For entry and quitting measurement display menu, the OK key is used. Direction keys (left / right / up / down) are used for passing between displays as show in example below. Example for MC744 at 4u connection mode: Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Present values ⇒ Voltage OK ⇔ ⇑⇓ ⇔ ⇑⇓ ⇔ ⇑⇓ ⇔ ⇑⇓ ⇔ 64 ⇑⇓ ⇑⇓ ⇔ User’s Manual Measurements 6.6 Present values zz − MC744 do not have all described measurements supported (see chapter Type differences, pages 10 to 12) Note Since measurement support depends on connection mode some display groups can be combined in to one, within Measurements menu. Voltage Instrument measures real effective (rms) value of all phase voltages (U1, U2, U3), connected to the meter. Phase-to-phase voltages (U12, U23, U31), average phase voltage (Uf) and average phase-to-phase voltage (Ua) are calculated from measured phase voltages (U1, U2, U3). Voltage unbalance is calculated from phase-to-phase voltages (U12, U23, U31). 2 n n =1 Uf = ∑ (u N N ∑u U xy = N − u yn ) 2 xn n =1 N All voltage measurements are available via communication, serial and customized displays on LCD. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Present values ⇒ Voltage OK Current Instrument measures real effective (rms) value of phase currents, connected to current inputs. Neutral current (In), average current (Ia) and a sum of all phase currents (It) are calculated from phase currents. N IRMS = 2 ∑i n n =1 N All current measurements are available via communication, serial and customized displays on LCD. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Present values ⇒ Current OK Active, reactive and apparent power Active power is calculated from instantaneous phase voltages and currents. All measurements are seen via communication or are displayed on LCD. For more detailed information about calculation see chapter Equations on page 101. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Present values ⇒ Power OK User’s Manual 65 Measurements Power factor and power angle Power angle is calculated as quotient of active and apparent power for each phase separately (cosϕ1, cosϕ2, cosϕ3) and total power angle (cosϕt). A symbol for a coil represents inductive load and a symbol for a capacitor represents capacitive load. For correct display of PF via analogue output and application of the alarm, ePF (extended power factor) is applied. It illustrates power factor with one value as described in the table below. For a display on LCD both of them have equal display function: between −1 and −1 with the icon for inductive or capacitive load. C → −180 −90 PF −1 ePF −1 Load Angle [°] ← L 0 +90 +180 (179.99) 0 1 0 −1 0 1 2 3 Example of analogue output for PF and ePF: Power angle represents angle between first voltage harmonic and first current harmonic for each individual phase. Total power angle is calculated from total active and reactive power (see equation for Total power angle, chapter Equations on page 101). A positive sign shows inductive load, and a negative sign shows capacitive load. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Present values ⇒ PF & Power angle OK Frequency Network frequency is calculated from time periods of measured voltage. Additionally frequency with 10−second averaging interval is displayed. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Present values ⇒ Frequency OK Energy Three ways of energy display are available: by individual meters, by tariffs for each meter separately and energy cost by meters. At a display of meter energy by tariffs, the sum in the upper line depends on the tariffs set in the meter. Example: Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Present values ⇒ Energy OK 66 User’s Manual Measurements MD values Display of MD values and time of recording (time stamp). Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Present values ⇒ MD values OK THD − Total harmonic distortion THD is calculated for phase currents, phase and phase−to−phase voltages and is expressed as percent of high harmonic components regarding RMS value or relative to first harmonic (see chapter Calculation of harmonics on page 37). Instrument uses measuring technique of real effective (rms) value that assures exact measurements with the presence of high harmonics up to 63rd harmonic. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Present values ⇒ THD OK Flickers Display of current Short term and Long term flickers for phase or phase-to-phase voltage (depending on mode of connection). Until the flicker value is calculated the symbol − is displayed. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Present values ⇒ Flickers OK Customized screens A display of customized screens depends on settings. See chapter Settings of customized screens on page 40. Overview It combines several measurements on each display as the following screens are displayed: Explanation of measurements for MC764 at connection mode 4u: User’s Manual 67 Measurements Screen 1: Current phase measurements U Average voltage U~ 1 Phase voltage U1 2 Phase voltage U2 3 Phase voltage U3 I Average current I~ 1 Current I1 2 Current I2 3 Current I3 V V V V A A A A Screen 2: Current phase-to-phase measurements U Average phase-to-phase U~ V 12 Phase-to-phase voltage U12 V 23 Phase-to-phase voltage U23 V 31 Phase-to-phase voltage U31 V PF Total power factor PF1 Power factor PF1 PF2 Power factor PF2 PF3 Power factor PF3 P P1 P2 P3 Q Q1 Q2 Q3 Current phase measurements Total active power Pt Active power P1 Active power P2 Active power P3 Total reactive power Qt Reactive power Q1 Reactive power Q1 Reactive power Q1 W W W W var var var var φ φ φ φ φ φ φ Current phase-to-phase measurements Frequency f Power angle φ1 Power angle φ2 Power angle φ3 Average phase-to-phase angle φ~ Power angle φ12 Power angle φ23 Power angle φ1 Hz ° ° ° ° ° ° ° Screen 3: P+ P− Q Q S I1 I2 I3 Dynamic MD values MD active power P (positive) MD active power P (negative) MD reactive power Q−L MD reactive power Q−C MD apparent power S MD current I1 MD current I2 MD current I3 W W var var VA A A A φ φ φ φ φ φ φ Maximal MD values MD active power P (positive) MD active power P (negative) MD reactive power Q−L MD reactive power Q−C MD apparent power S MD current I1 MD current I2 MD current I3 W W var var VA A A A Example for MC764 at connection 4u: Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Present values ⇒ Overview OK / ⇒ ⇔ 68 ⇔ User’s Manual Measurements 6.7 Min/Max values zzz All Min/Max values are displayed in the same way. Current values are displayed large in the middle of the screen, while minimal and maximal values are displayed smaller above and below the current values. Next to the current value is also measurement designation (see chapter Survey of supported measurements regarding connection on page 59) Phase voltage Display of phase voltages U1, U2 and U3. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Min/Max values ⇒ Phase voltage OK Phase-to-phase voltage Display of phase-to-phase voltages U12, U23 and U13. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Min/Max values ⇒ Phase to Phase voltage OK Current Display of currents I1, I2 and I3. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Min/Max values ⇒ Current OK Active power Display of active power P1, P2, P2 and Pt. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Min/Max values ⇒ Active power OK OK ⇔ Apparent power Display of apparent power S1, S2, S2 and St. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Min/Max values ⇒ Apparent power OK Frequency Display of current frequency (f) and frequency with 10−second averaging Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Min/Max values ⇒ Frequency OK Date and time of reset Display of date and time of the last reset and possibility of resetting Min/Max values. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Min/Max values ⇒ Date and time of reset OK User’s Manual 69 Measurements 6.8 Alarms zzz An alarm menu enables surveying state of alarms. In the basic alarm menu, groups of alarms with the states of individual alarms and data on alarm outputs are displayed in the bottom line. For each active alarm a number of an alarm is written in a certain group at a certain place: Group 1: 1 45 8. Dot stands for alarm not active. OK OK Survey of alarms In a detailed survey alarms are collected in groups. A number of a group and alarm is stated in the first column, a measurement designation in the second, and a condition for alarm in the third one. Active alarm is marked. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Alarms OK / ⇒ 6.9 Power supply quality ||z For evaluation of voltage quality, the MC764 network analyzer can store main characteristics in the internal memory. The reports are made on the basis of stored data. Data of the last 7 years and up to 170,000 variations of the measured quantities from the standard values are stored in the report, which enables detection of eventual reasons for troubles on network. The MiQen software offers a complete survey of reports with a detailed survey of individual measured quantities. Via the network analyzer LCD a survey of compliance of individual measured quantities in previous and actual monitored periods is made possible. z − MC764 enables supervision of voltage compliance with the SIST EN 50160 standard. Monitoring periods Instrument displays status, compliance and quality of individual parameters without details for actual and previous monitoring period. MiQen supports survey of actual and previous quality reports with all the details for past 7 years that have been registered. Compliance of voltage, status, start and end date, as well as exact monitoring time is register for each report. Displayed status for each report states if whole period was monitored. User information To make the complete quality report the aux. power supply for the device should not be interrupted during the whole period for which the report is requested. If firmware is updated or power supply is interrupted within a monitoring period, quality report is incomplete − Status: Not complete. Actual monitoring period A survey of compliance of voltage quality by measured quantities in previous period. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Power supply quality ⇒ Actual period OK / ⇒ 70 User’s Manual Measurements Previous monitoring period A survey of compliance of voltage quality by measured quantities in previous period. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Power supply quality ⇒ Previous period OK / ⇒ Example: ⇔ OK ⇑⇓ ⇑⇓ ⇑⇓ ⇔ OK User information When surveying quality report via measuring centre, parameters which are not monitored, have no sign ( , ) of quality compliance. Parameters Frequency variations 1 & 2 Average value is calculated in 10 second intervals and is according to nominal values compared with quality requirements. Frequency measurement is performed from first phase voltage (U1) and is switched to the next if it is to low. At three−phase connections the phase to phase voltages are calculated to phase voltages. If voltage signals are too low the measurement is performed from current signals. Depending on disturbance signals switch limit is between 1 and 4 V. Measurement performed from current signals requires at leas 30 mA current. Frequency accuracy is better than ± 0.01 Hz. Voltage variations 1 & 2 Average value of RMS phase voltage is calculated in 10 minute and is compared to allowed range of deviation. Start, stop and average voltage value (absolute and relative) for each phase is recorded in the internal memory. Voltage accuracy is better than ± 0.5 % of nominal value for voltages of over 100 V. Voltage unbalances Average value is calculated in 10 minute intervals of periodical calculations via evasion stated in chapter Equations on page 101. User’s Manual 71 Measurements Voltage dips / Temporary overvoltages Within a period RMS value is monitored and recorded in 1 second periods for both measurements. Phase to phase or phase voltages are monitored when three-wire or four-wire connection is used. Lowest dip and highest overvoltage are monitored for in each second interval respectively for each phase. In case of succession of several second events are detected one longer lasting event is recorded. All events are calculated in respect to fixed (nominal) voltage. In details of quality report start, stop and highest / lowest voltage value (absolute and relative) is recorded for each phase. Measuring uncertainty of monitored voltage is less than 1 % and uncertainty of event duration is 20 ms (1 period). Voltage interruptions and Long interruptions According to the upper limit of nominal supply voltage stated relatively interrupts are detected in 1 second periods for each phase. The interruption limit is set between 1 and 25 % of nominal voltage. Each second with at least one interrupt detected is records as an interrupt. Succession of several seconds with interrupts detected is recorded as one longer interrupt. After the interrupt ends, duration is compared to Short interrupt setting and is recorded as long or short interrupt in quality report. 2 % hysteresis is used for interrupts detection with 20 ms (2 periods) duration uncertainty. Rapid voltage changes RMS value of two subsequent samples is compared for each phase. For each phase in one second interval in which the limit is exceeded, an event is recorded. Measuring uncertainty of monitored voltage is less than 1 %. Flickers Pst / Plt Intensity of a flicker is set by UIE−IEC measuring method and is evaluated as short−term or long−term flicker. Equations for calculating flickers are stated in chapter Equations on page 101. Intensity of a short term flicker is measured in 10 minute intervals and of informative nature. Intensity of a long term flicker is based on 2 hour intervals of short term flicker and is recorded in respect to required quality in quality report. THD's Contribution of harmonics to the fundamental component is calculated from THD limit and nominal voltage. Average contribution of harmonic components is calculated in 10 minute intervals and compared to THD limit converted in to voltage value. Harmonics 10 minute average is calculated for each harmonic in each phase and is compared to Harmonic limit. All harmonic components should be within the limit, or it will be recorded in quality report in internal memory. 72 User’s Manual Measurements 6.10 Time graphical display (Graphs time) zzz All time graphs of measured signals are made in the same way. In the upper part of LCD there is a measurement designation that is followed by a pea-to-peak signal value, and on the extreme right there is RMS value. In the central part of LCD a signal shape is drawn. For a better survey of the measured signal a scale is automatically adapted to the peak-to-peak signal value. Example: Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Graphs time ⇒ Phase voltage OK ⇔ OK Phase voltage Display of time flow of voltage signals U1, U2 and U3. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Time graphs ⇒ Phase voltage OK / ⇒ Phase-to-phase voltage Display of time flow of phase-to-phase voltage signals U12, U23 and U31. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Time graphs ⇒ Phase–phase voltage OK / ⇒ Current Display of time flow of current signals I1, I2 and I3. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Time graphs ⇒ Current OK / ⇒ User’s Manual 73 Measurements 6.11 FFT graphical display (Graphs FFT) z All FFT graphs of the measured signals are made in the same way. In the upper right angle of LCD the following measurements are stated: • • • • Designation of measurement with current RMS value Value of first harmonic Current frequency THD signal value The remaining part is used for a (bar) graphic display of relative values of harmonics regarding the first one. For better resolution, first harmonic is not displayed and rating is automatically adapted according to highest harmonic values. Example: Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Graphs FFT ⇒ Phase voltage OK ⇔ OK Phase voltage Display of harmonics of phase voltage signals U1, U2 and U3. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Time FFT ⇒ Phase voltage OK / ⇒ Phase-to-phase voltage Display of harmonics phase-to-phase voltage signals U12, U23 and U31. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Time FFT ⇒ Phase−phase voltage OK / ⇒ Current Display of harmonics of current signals I1, I2 and I3. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Time FFT ⇒ Current OK / ⇒ 6.12 Demonstration measurements zzz Demo cycling Regarding the period that is defined in settings, measurement screen cycling is started until any key is pressed. Main menu ⇒ Measurements ⇒ Demo cycling OK 74 User’s Manual Communication modes 7. COMMUNICATION MODES 7.1 PULL communication mode ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76 7.2 PUSH communication mode ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76 Explanation........................................................................................................................................... 76 Protocol and data format ...................................................................................................................... 76 Data transmission ................................................................................................................................. 77 Supported quantities and settings......................................................................................................... 77 75 User’s Manual Communication modes MC7x4 series of measuring centres in general support two different communication modes to suit all demands about connectivity and flexibility. 7.1 PULL communication mode This is most commonly used communication mode. It services data-on-demand and is therefore suitable for direct connection of setting and / or supervising software to a single instrument or for a network connection of multiple instruments, which requires setting up an appropriate communication infrastructure. Data is sent from instrument when it is asked by external software according to MODBUS RTU or MODBUS TCP protocol. This type of communication is normally used for a real-time on-demand measurement collection for control purposes. To set up PULL communication mode, only basic communication settings are required according to communication type (serial, USB, ETHERNET). See chapter communication on page 83. 7.2 PUSH communication mode Explanation When in this communication mode, instrument(s) (client) are sending values of predefined quantities in predefined time intervals to two independent servers (data collectors - master), who collect data into data base for further analysis. This mode of communication is very useful for a periodic monitoring of readings in systems where real-time operation is not required, but on the other side, reliability for collecting data is essential (e.g. for billing purposes, post processing and issuing trend warnings). Protocol and data format Protocol used for data transmission is MODBUS or TCP/IP, depends on used communication network. Data uses XML format, which allows additional information about sent data. All sent readings are time-stamped for accurate reconstruction of received data (if communication is lost and data is sent afterwards). Therefore time synchronization of client and server is essential. For that purpose, server sends synchronization data (for setting see page 38) within every response to received data. For more information about used XML format see appendix E on page 105. 76 User’s Manual Communication modes Data transmission Every transmission from client’s side (instrument) must be acknowledged from master’s side (server) to verify successful data transmission. In case client fails to receive acknowledgment after predefined response time (for setting see page 38) it will retry to send it in next time interval. This repeating of sending data will last until master responses to sent data. After that, client will send all available data from the moment it lost response from the master. It is possible for PULL and PUSH communication mode to be active at the same time. Since POLL is used in real-time applications it has priority over PUSH. If PUSH is sending data when request for POLL arrives, instrument pauses current transmission and services POLL. In a next time interval it will continue to send PUSH data. Supported quantities and settings Sending data in PUSH communication mode is closely related with storing measurements in a recorder. Quantities, which will be sent to master are the same quantities that are set to be stored in a recorders (recorders A and B, alarms recorder and quality reports with details recorder). Step 1: In menu general/communication set proper PUSH communication settings (see page 38), where time synchronization source, response time, data format and receiving server’s parameters are defined. Step 2: Define data (quantities) for transmission. Sources for data can be alarms, quantities defined to be written in recorders (A and B) or electric quality reports and its details. In each of those three groups setting menu the following must be defined: - Communication channel, which will be used for data transmission. It can be serial bus (COM1, COM2) if RS485 network is used or one of two TCP/IP connections. - Transmission period, which set how often data shall be sent to master. This can either at every new reading, or at predefined time intervals (hourly, daily, weekly). When one of those intervals is used all data recorded between two time intervals is sent. - Transmission delay sets a delay time according to regular transmission period. This is useful in RS485 networks to avoid simultaneous transmissions of multiple devices (data collisions). Transmission delay can be disabled, set to default value, which is unique for every device in RS485 network (MODBUS address in milliseconds) or user defined. User’s Manual 77 Technical data 8. TECHNICAL DATA 8.1 Accuracy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 79 8.2 Inputs---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80 Voltage input ........................................................................................................................................ 80 Current input ......................................................................................................................................... 80 Frequency.............................................................................................................................................. 80 Supply ................................................................................................................................................... 80 8.3 Connection --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80 Permitted conductor cross-sections ...................................................................................................... 80 8.4 Modules ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 Alarm module ....................................................................................................................................... 81 Bistable alarm module .......................................................................................................................... 81 Pulse module......................................................................................................................................... 81 Pulse input module ............................................................................................................................... 81 Analogue module.................................................................................................................................. 81 Tariff module ........................................................................................................................................ 81 Digital module ...................................................................................................................................... 81 2nd Comm. module (RS232 / RS485) ................................................................................................... 82 Analogue input...................................................................................................................................... 82 8.5 Communication ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83 8.6 Electronic features ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 83 LCD....................................................................................................................................................... 83 Response time ....................................................................................................................................... 83 Memory................................................................................................................................................. 83 LED’s.................................................................................................................................................... 83 8.7 Safety features ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84 Safety .................................................................................................................................................... 84 Test voltage........................................................................................................................................... 84 EMC...................................................................................................................................................... 84 Protection .............................................................................................................................................. 84 Ambient conditions............................................................................................................................... 84 Enclosure .............................................................................................................................................. 84 8.8 Dimensions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85 User’s Manual 78 Technical data 8.1 Accuracy Measured values Rms current (I1, I2, I3, Iavg, In) Maximum current Rms phase voltage (U1, U2, U3, Uavg) Maximum voltage Rms phase-to-phase voltage (U12, U23, U31, Uavg) Frequency (f) − actual Frequency (10 s average) Nominal frequency range Power angle (φ) Power factor (PF) Maximal values (MD) THD Active power Reactive power Apparent power Active energy Reactive energy Real time clock (RTC) Analogue output (internal supply) Range 1A 5A 12.5 A 75 V L-N 120 VL-N 250 V L-N 500 V L-N DIN 600 V 120 V L-L 210 VL-L 400 V L-L 800 V L-L 50 / 60Hz 50 / 60 Hz 16…400 Hz −180…0…180° −1…0…+1 U = 50 … 120 % Un I = 2 % … 20 % In I = 20 % … 200 % In 375 75 600 120 1250 250 2500 500 [W/var/VA] [W/var/VA] In = 5 A In = 1 A 5…500 V 0…400 % 75 375 120 600 250 1250 500 2500 [W/var/VA] [W/var/VA] In = 1 A In = 5 A − 0…20 mA Accuracy class* 0.5 (optional 0.2) 0.5 (optional 0.2) 0.5** 0.5 (optional 0.2) 0.5 (optional 0.2) 0.5 (optional 0.2) 0.5 (optional 0.2) 0.5** 0.5 (optional 0.2) 0.5 (optional 0.2) 0.5 (optional 0.2) 0.5 (optional 0.2) 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.5 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 (optional 0.2) 1.0 (optional 0.5) 1.0 (optional 0.5) Class 1 Class 2 1 min/month (30 ppm) ± 200 µA Note * − All measurements are calculated with high harmonic signals. For voltage up to 65 Hz or less, harmonics up to 63th are measured. ** − From range User’s Manual 79 Technical data 8.2 Inputs Voltage input Nominal voltage (Un) Rating Overload Minimal measurement Maximal measurement Consumption 500 VL-N 75 VL-N / 250 VL-N / 500 VL-N 1.2 x Un permanently 2 V sinusoidal 750 VL-N < 0.1 VA per phase Nominal current (In) Rating Overload Minimal measurement Maximal measurement Consumption 5A 1A/5A 3 x In permanently, 25 x In – 3 s, 50 x In – 1 s Settings from starting current for all powers 12,5 A sinusoidal < 0.1 VA per phase Nominal frequency (fn) Measuring range Maximum range 50, 60 Hz 16…400 Hz 10 Hz…1 kHz AC voltage range AC frequency range DC voltage range Consumption 48…276 V 40…65 Hz 20…300 V < 10 VA Current input Frequency Supply 8.3 Connection Permitted conductor cross-sections Terminals Voltage inputs (4) Current inputs (3) Supply (2) Modules (2 x 3) 80 Max. conductor cross-sections DIN ≤ 5 mm2 one conductor ≤ Ø 6 mm one conductor with insulation ≤ 2.5 mm2 one conductor ≤ 2.5 mm2 one conductor User’s Manual Technical data 8.4 Modules Alarm module (Digital output module) No. of outputs Max. switching power Max. switching voltage AC Max. switching voltage DC Max. switching current Impulse Signal shape Normal Impulse Permanent Bistable alarm module 2 (module 1 and 2) / 8 (module 3 and 4) 40 VA 40 V 35 V 1A Max. 4000 imp/hour Min. length 100 ms Until the condition is fulfilled Start at any new condition Since condition No. Of outputs Max. switching power Max. switching voltage AC Max. switching voltage DC Max. switching current Signal shape Normal Impulse Permanent 1 (module 2) 40 VA 40 V 35 V 1A Pulse module No. of outputs Maximal voltage Maximal current 2 (module 1 and 2) 40 V AC/DC 30 mA Pulse input module No. of inputs Rated voltage Max. current Min. pulse width Min. pulse periode SET voltage RESET voltage 2 (module 1 and 2) 5 - 48 V DC (± 20%) 8 mA (at 48 VDC + 20%) 0.5 ms 2 ms 40...120 % of rated voltage 0...10 % of rated voltage Analogue module No. of outputs Maximal load Output range Supply 2 (module 1 and 2) / 4 (module 3 and 4) 150 Ω 0…20 mA Internal Tariff module No. of inputs Voltage 2 (module 1 and 2) 230 / 110 V ±20% AC Digital module No. of inputs Voltage 2 (module 1 and 2) / 8 (module 3 and 4) 230 / 110 V ±20% AC/DC User’s Manual Until the condition is fulfilled Start at any new condition Since condition 81 Technical data 2nd Comm. module (RS232 / RS485) No. of communications Type of connection Max. connection length 1 (module 2) Direct / Network 3 m / 1000 m DC current input No. of inputs Nominal input range input resistance accuracy conversion resolution Analogue input mode 2 (module 1 and 2) / 4 (module 3 and 4) –20…0…20 mA (±20%) 20 Ω 0.5 % of range 16 bit (sigma-delta) internally referenced Single-ended DC voltage input No. of inputs Nominal input range input resistance accuracy conversion resolution Analogue input mode 2 (module 1 and 2) / 4 (module 3 and 4) –10…0…10 V (±20%) 100 kΩ 0.5 % of range 16 bit (sigma-delta) internally referenced Single-ended Resistance/ temperature input No. of inputs 2 (module 1 and 2) / 4 (module 3 and 4) Nominal input range (low)* 0 - 200 Ω (max. 400 Ω) PT100 (-200°C–850°C) 0 – 2 kΩ (max. 4 kΩ) PT1000 (-200°C–850°C) 2-wire 0.5 % of range 16 bit (sigma-delta) internally referenced Single-ended Analogue input Nominal input range (high)* connection accuracy conversion resolution Analogue input mode * Low or high input range and primary input value (resistance or temperature) are set by the MiQen setting software 82 User’s Manual Technical data 8.5 Communication Type Type of connection Max. connection length Number of bus stations Terminals Insulation Transfer mode Protocol Transfer rate Ethernet RS232(1) RS485(1)(2) USB Network Direct Network Direct − 3m 1000 m − − − ≤ 32 − (1) (1) RJ−45 DB9 / Screw terminals USB-B In accordance with SIST EN 61010−1: 2004 standard Asynchronous MODBUS RTU / DNP3 (auto detect) 10/100Mb/s 2.400 to 115.200 bit/s USB 2.0 auto detect 8.6 Electronic features LCD Type Size LCD refreshing Response time Input − screen Input − communication Input − relay Memory Capacity Divisions Graphic LCD 128 x 64 dots Every 200 ms All calculations are averaged over an interval of between 8 to 256 periods. Preset interval is 64 periods, which is 1.28 second at 50 Hz. MC754 Recorder A Recorder B Alarms recorder Sampling period User’s Manual Recorder A Recorder B Alarms recorder Q reports Q details minimal maximal average minimal (thermal function) maximal (thermal function) 1 to 60 min Selection of limit values LED’s SD/MMC Communication Alarm MC764 8 Mb Green Green Red Activity of SD/MMC card Transmission of MC via communication Fulfilled condition for alarm 83 Technical data 8.7 Safety features Safety Test voltage EMC Protection Ambient conditions Climatic class Temperature range of operation Storage temperature range Max. storage and transport humidity Enclosure DIN Weight 84 In compliance with SIST EN 61010−1: 2004 600 V rms, installation category II 300 V rms, installation category III Pollution degree 2 3.7 kV rms, in compliance with SIST EN 61010−1: 2004 Directive on electromagnetic compatibility In compliance with SIST EN 61326-1: 1998 In compliance with SIST EN 60529: 1997 Front side (with protection cover for SD/MMC slot): IP52 Rear side (with protection cover): IP20 3 −10 to +65°C −40 to +70°C ≤ 75% r.h. PC, incombustibility – self-extinguishability, in compliance with UL 94 V0 Approx. 600g User’s Manual Technical data 8.8 Dimensions All dimensions are in mm Panel cut out DIN: 144 x 144 mm User’s Manual 85 Appendix A: Modbus protocol 9. APENDIX A: MODBUS PROTOCOL 9.1 Modbus communication protocol ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87 Modbus ................................................................................................................................................. 87 Register table for the actual measurements .......................................................................................... 87 Register table for the normalized actual measurements ....................................................................... 89 100% values calculations for normalized measurements:.................................................................... 91 Register table for the basic settings ...................................................................................................... 92 Data types decoding.............................................................................................................................. 93 User’s Manual 86 Appendix A: Modbus protocol 9.1 Modbus communication protocol Communication protocols: Modbus and DNP3 protocol are enabled via RS232 and RS485 or Ethernet communication. Both communication protocols are supported on all communication ports of the device. The response is the same type as the request. Modbus Modbus protocol enables operation of device on Modbus networks. For device with serial communication the Modbus protocol enables point to point (for example Device to PC) communication via RS232 communication and multi drop communication via RS485 communication. Modbus protocol is a widely supported open interconnect originally designed by Modicon. The memory reference for input and holding registers is 30000 and 40000 respectively. Register table for the actual measurements Parameter Voltage U1 Voltage U2 Voltage U3 Average phase Voltage U~ Phase to phase voltage U12 Phase to phase voltage U23 Phase to phase voltage U31 Average phase to phase Voltage Upp~ Current I1 Current I2 Current I3 Total Current I Neutral current In Real Power P1 Real Power P2 Real Power P3 Total Real Power P Reactive Power Q1 Reactive Power Q2 Reactive Power Q3 Total Reactive Power Q Apparent Power S1 Apparent Power S2 Apparent Power S3 Total Apparent Power S Power Factor PF1 Power Factor PF2 Power Factor PF3 Total Power Factor PF User’s Manual MODBUS Register Type Start End 30107 30108 T5 30109 30110 T5 30111 30112 T5 30113 30114 T5 30118 30119 T5 30120 30121 T5 30122 30123 T5 30124 30125 T5 30126 30127 T5 30128 30129 T5 30130 30131 T5 30138 30139 T5 30132 30133 T5 30142 30143 T6 30144 30145 T6 30146 30147 T6 30140 30141 T6 30150 30151 T6 30152 30153 T6 30154 30155 T6 30148 30149 T6 30158 30159 T5 30160 30161 T5 30162 30163 T5 30156 30157 T5 30166 30167 T7 30168 30169 T7 30170 30171 T7 30164 30165 T7 87 Appendix A: Modbus protocol Parameter Power Angle U1−I1 Power Angle U2−I2 Power Angle U3−I3 Power Angle atan2(Pt, Qt) Angle U1−U2 Angle U2−U3 Angle U3−U1 Frequency f Voltage unbalance Uu THD I1 THD I2 THD I3 THD U1 THD U2 THD U3 THD U12 THD U23 THD U31 Max Demand Since Last RESET MD Real Power P (positive) MD Real Power P (negative) MD Reactive Power Q − L MD Reactive Power Q − C MD Apparent Power S MD Current I1 MD Current I2 MD Current I3 Dynamic Demand Values MD Real Power P (positive) MD Real Power P (negative) MD Reactive Power Q − L MD Reactive Power Q − MD Apparent Power S MD Current I1 MD Current I2 MD Current I3 Energy Energy Counter 1 Exponent Energy Counter 2 Exponent Energy Counter 3 Exponent Energy Counter 4 Exponent Counter E1 Counter E2 Counter E3 Counter E4 88 MODBUS Register Type Start End 30173 T2 30174 T2 30175 T2 30172 T2 30115 T2 30116 T2 30117 T2 30105 30106 T5 30176 T1 30188 T1 30189 T1 30190 T1 30182 T1 30183 T1 30184 T1 30185 T1 30186 T1 30187 T1 30542 30548 30554 30560 30536 30518 30524 30530 30543 30549 30555 30561 30537 30519 30525 30531 T6 T6 T6 T6 T5 T5 T5 T5 30510 30512 30514 30516 30508 30502 30504 30506 30511 30513 30515 30517 30509 30503 30505 30507 T6 T6 T6 T6 T5 T5 T5 T5 30407 30409 30411 30413 T2 T2 T2 T2 T3 T3 T3 T3 30401 30402 30403 30404 30406 30408 30410 30412 Actual counter value is calculated: Counter * 10 Exponent User’s Manual Appendix A: Modbus protocol Parameter Counter E1, Cost Counter E2, Cost Counter E3, Cost Counter E4, Cost Active tariff Internal Temperature MODBUS Register Start End Type 30446 30447 T3 30448 30449 T3 30450 30451 T3 30452 30453 T3 30405 T1 30181 T2 Register table for the normalized actual measurements MODBUS Parameter Voltage U1 Voltage U2 Voltage U3 Average phase Voltage U~ Phase to phase voltage U12 Phase to phase voltage U23 Phase to phase voltage U31 Average phase to phase Voltage Upp~ Current I1 Current I2 Current I3 Total Current I Neutral current In Average Current I~ Real Power P1 Real Power P2 Real Power P3 Total Real Power P Reactive Power Q1 Reactive Power Q2 Reactive Power Q3 Total Reactive Power Q Apparent Power S1 Apparent Power S2 Apparent Power S3 Total Apparent Power S Power Factor PF1 Power Factor PF2 Power Factor PF3 Total Power Factor PF CAP/IND P.F. Phase 1 (PF1) CAP/IND P.F. Phase 2 (PF2) CAP/IND P.F. Phase 3 (PF3) CAP/IND P.F. Total (PFt) Power Angle U1−I1 Power Angle U2−I2 User’s Manual Register Type 30801 30802 30803 30804 30805 30806 30807 30808 30809 30810 30811 30812 30813 30815 30816 30817 30818 30819 30820 30821 30822 30823 30824 30825 30826 30827 30828 30829 30830 30831 30832 30833 30834 30835 30836 30837 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T16 T16 T16 T16 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 Actual counter value is calculated: Counter * 10 Exponent 100% value Un Un Un Un Un Un Un Un In In In It In In Pn Pn Pn Pt Pn Pn Pn Pt Pn Pn Pn Pt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 100° 100° 89 Appendix A: Modbus protocol Parameter Power Angle U3−I3 Power Angle atan2(Pt, Qt) Angle U1−U2 Angle U2−U3 Angle U3−U1 Frequency Voltage unbalance Uu THD I1 THD I2 THD I3 THD U1 THD U2 THD U3 THD U12 THD U23 THD U31 Max Demand Since Last Reset MD Real Power P (positive) MD Real Power P (negative) MD Reactive Power Q − L MD Reactive Power Q − C MD Apparent Power S MD Current I1 MD Current I2 MD Current I3 Dynamic Demand Values MD Real Power P (positive) MD Real Power P (negative) MD Reactive Power Q − L MD Reactive Power Q − C MD Apparent Power S MD Current I1 MD Current I2 MD Current I3 Energy Energy Counter 1 Energy Counter 2 Energy Counter 3 Energy Counter 4 Energy Counter 1 Cost Energy Counter 2 Cost Energy Counter 3 Cost Energy Counter 4 Cost Total Energy Counter Cost Active Tariff Internal Temperature 90 Register MODBUS Type 30838 30839 30840 30841 30842 30843 30844 30845 30846 30847 30848 30849 30850 30851 30852 30853 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 100% value 100° 100° 100° 100° 100° Fn+10Hz 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 30854 30855 30856 30857 30858 30859 30860 30861 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt In In In 30862 30863 30864 30865 30866 30867 30868 30869 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 T16 Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt In In In 30870 30871 30872 30873 30874 30875 30876 30877 30878 30879 30880 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T17 T1 T17 Actual counter value MOD 20000 is returned 100° User’s Manual Appendix A: Modbus protocol 100% values calculations for normalized measurements Un = (R40147 / R40146) * R30015 * R40149 In = (R40145 / R40144) * R30017 * R40148 Pn = Un*In It = In Connection Mode: 1b It = 3*In Connection Modes: 3b, 4b, 3u, 4u Pt = Pn Connection Mode: 1b Pt = 3*Pn Connection Modes: 3b, 4b, 3u, 4u Fn = R40150 All other MODBUS regiters are a subject to change. For the latest MODBUS register defenitions go to ISKRA MIS’s web page www.iskra-mis.si Register Content 30015 Calibration voltage 30017 Calibration current User’s Manual 91 Appendix A: Modbus protocol Register table for the basic settings Register Content 40143 T1 0 No mode 1 1b - Single Phase 2 3b - 3 phase 3 wire balanced 3 4b - 3 phase 4 wire balanced 4 3u - 3 phase 3 wire unbalanced 5 4u - 3 phase 4 wire unbalanced Min Max P. Level 1 5 2 40144 CT Secondary T4 mA 2 40145 CT Primary T4 A/10 2 40146 VT Secondary T4 mV 2 40147 VT Primary T4 V/10 2 40148 Current input range (%) T16 10000 for 100% Voltage input range (%) T16 Frequency nominal value T1 40149 40150 92 Connection Mode Type Ind Values / Dependencies 5,00 200,00 2 2,50 100,00 2 10 1000 2 10000 for 100% Hz User’s Manual Appendix A: Modbus protocol Data types decoding Type Bit mask T1 T2 T3 T4 bits # 15…14 bits # 13…00 T5 bits # 31…24 bits # 23…00 T6 bits # 31…24 bits # 23…00 T7 bits # 31…24 bits # 23…16 bits # 15…00 T9 bits # 31…24 bits # 23…16 bits # 15…08 bits # 07…00 T10 bits # 31…24 bits # 23…16 bits # 15…00 T16 T17 T_Str4 T_Str6 T_Str8 T_Str16 T_Str40 User’s Manual Description Unsigned Value (16 bit) Example: 12345 = 3039(16) Signed Value (16 bit) Example: -12345 = CFC7(16) Signed Long Value (32 bit) Example: 123456789 = 075B CD 15(16) Short Unsigned float (16 bit) Decade Exponent(Unsigned 2 bit) Binary Unsigned Value (14 bit) Example: 10000*102 = A710(16) Unsigned Measurement (32 bit) Decade Exponent(Signed 8 bit) Binary Unsigned Value (24 bit) Example: 123456*10-3 = FD01 E240(16) Signed Measurement (32 bit) Decade Exponent (Signed 8 bit) Binary Signed value (24 bit) Example: - 123456*10-3 = FDFE 1DC0(16) Power Factor (32 bit) Sign: Import/Export (00/FF) Sign: Inductive/Capacitive (00/FF) Unsigned Value (16 bit), 4 decimal places Example: 0.9876 CAP = 00FF 2694(16) Time (32 bit) 1/100s 00 - 99 (BCD) Seconds 00 - 59 (BCD) Minutes 00 - 59 (BCD) Hours 00 - 24 (BCD) Example: 15:42:03.75 = 7503 4215(16) Date (32 bit) Day of month 01 - 31 (BCD) Month of year 01 - 12 (BCD) Year (unsigned integer) 1998..4095 Example: 10, SEP 2000 = 1009 07D0(16) Unsigned Value (16 bit), 2 decimal places Example: 123.45 = 3039(16) Signed Value (16 bit), 2 decimal places Example: -123.45 = CFC7(16) Text: 4 characters (2 characters for 16 bit register) Text: 6 characters (2 characters for 16 bit register) Text: 8 characters (2 characters for 16 bit register) Text: 16 characters (2 characters for 16 bit register) Text: 40 characters (2 characters for 16 bit register) 93 Appendix B: DNP3 protocol 10. APPENDIX B: DNP3 PROTOCOL 10.1 DNP3 communication protocol-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95 DNP3..................................................................................................................................................... 95 Register table for the actual measurements .......................................................................................... 95 Data types decoding.............................................................................................................................. 98 100% values calculations...................................................................................................................... 98 User’s Manual 94 Appendix B: DNP3 protocol 10.1 DNP3 communication protocol Communication protocols: Modbus and DNP3 protocol are enabled via RS232 and RS485 or Ethernet communication. Both communication protocols are supported on all communication ports of the device. The response is the same type as the request. DNP3 DNP3 protocol enables operation of MC on DNP3 networks. For device with serial communication the DNP3 protocol enables point to point (for example device to PC) communication via RS232 communication and multi drop communication via RS485. Object Object Number Variation Number 30 2 30 4 Request Description Function Codes (dec) 16-Bit Analogue Input with flag 16-Bit Analogue Input without flag Response Qualifier Codes (hex) Function Codes (dec) Qualifier Codes (hex) 1 00, 01, 02, 06 129 00, 01, 02, 00 1 00, 01, 02, 06 129 00, 01, 02, 00 Register table for the actual measurements DNP3 Point Parameter Type 100% value 0 Voltage U1 T16 Un 1 Voltage U2 T16 Un 2 Voltage U3 T16 Un 3 Average phase Voltage U~ T16 Un 4 Phase to phase voltage U12 T16 Un 5 Phase to phase voltage U23 T16 Un 6 Phase to phase voltage U31 T16 Un 7 Average phase to phase Voltage Upp~ T16 Un 8 Current I1 T16 In 9 Current I2 T16 In 10 Current I3 T16 In 11 Total Current I T16 In 12 Neutral current In T16 In 13 Reserved T16 In 14 Average Current I~ T16 In 15 Real Power P1 T17 Pn 16 Real Power P2 T17 Pn User’s Manual 95 Appendix B: DNP3 protocol DNP3 Point 96 Parameter Type 100% value 17 Real Power P3 T17 Pn 18 Total Real Power P T17 Pt 19 Reactive Power Q1 T17 Pn 20 Reactive Power Q2 T17 Pn 21 Reactive Power Q3 T17 Pn 22 Total Reactive Power Q T17 Pt 23 Apparent Power S1 T16 Pn 24 Apparent Power S2 T16 Pn 25 Apparent Power S3 T16 Pn 26 Total Apparent Power S T16 Pt 27 Power Factor PF1 T17 1 28 Power Factor PF2 T17 1 29 Power Factor PF3 T17 1 30 Total Power Factor PF T17 1 31 CAP/IND P. F. Phase 1 (PF1) T17 1 32 CAP/IND P. F. Phase 2 (PF2) T17 1 33 CAP/IND P. F. Phase 3 (PF3) T17 1 34 CAP/IND P. F. Total (PFt) T17 1 35 Power Angle U1−I1 T17 100° 36 Power Angle U2−I2 T17 100° 37 Power Angle U3−I3 T17 100° 38 Power Angle atan2(Pt, Qt) T17 100° 39 Angle U1−U2 T17 100° 40 Angle U2−U3 T17 100° 41 Angle U3−U1 T17 100° 42 Frequency T17 Fn+10Hz 43 Voltage unbalance Uu T16 100% 44 THD I1 T16 100% 45 THD I2 T16 100% 46 THD I3 T16 100% 47 THD U1 T16 100% 48 THD U2 T16 100% User’s Manual Appendix B: DNP3 protocol DNP3 Point Parameter Type 100% value 49 THD U3 T16 100% 50 THD U12 T16 100% 51 THD U23 T16 100% 52 THD U31 T16 100% Max Demand Since Last Reset 53 MD Real Power P (positive) T16 Pt 54 MD Real Power P (negative) T16 Pt 55 MD Reactive Power Q − L T16 Pt 56 MD Reactive Power Q − C T16 Pt 57 MD Apparent Power S T16 Pt 58 MD Current I1 T16 In 59 MD Current I2 T16 In 60 MD Current I3 T16 In Dynamic Demand Values 61 MD Real Power P (positive) T16 Pt 62 MD Real Power P (negative) T16 Pt 63 MD Reactive Power Q − L T16 Pt 64 MD Reactive Power Q − C T16 Pt 65 MD Apparent Power S T16 Pt 66 MD Current I1 T16 In 67 MD Current I2 T16 In 68 MD Current I3 T16 In 69 Energy Counter 1 T17 70 Energy Counter 2 T17 71 Energy Counter 3 T17 72 Energy Counter 4 T17 73 Energy Counter 1 Cost T17 74 Energy Counter 2 Cost T17 75 Energy Counter 3 Cost T17 76 Energy Counter 4 Cost T17 77 Total Energy Counter Cost T17 78 Active Tariff T1 User’s Manual Actual counter value MOD 20000 is returned 97 Appendix B: DNP3 protocol Data types decoding See Data types decoding in Appendix A: Modbus protocol on page 93. 100% values calculations See 100% values calculations for normalized measurements in Appendix A: Modbus protocol on page 91. 98 User’s Manual Appendix C: Calculations & equations 11. APPENDIX C: CALCULATIONS & EQUATIONS 11.1 Calculations -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------100 Definitions of symbols ....................................................................................................................... 100 11.2 Equations --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------101 Voltage ............................................................................................................................................... 101 Current................................................................................................................................................ 101 Power.................................................................................................................................................. 102 THD.................................................................................................................................................... 103 Flickers ............................................................................................................................................... 103 Energy................................................................................................................................................. 103 User’s Manual 99 Appendix C: Calculations & equations 11.1 Calculations Definitions of symbols No Symbol Definition 1 Mv Sample factor 2 MP Average interval 3 Uf Phase voltage (U1, U2 or U3) 4 Uff Phase-to-phase voltage (U12, U23 or U31) 5 N Total number of samples in a period 6 n Sample number (0 ≤ n ≤ N) 7 x, y Phase number (1, 2 or 3) 8 in Current sample n 9 ufn Phase voltage sample n 10 ufFn Phase-to-phase voltage sample n 11 φf Power angle between current and phase voltage f (φ1, φ2 or φ3) 12 Uu Voltage unbalance 13 Uc Agreed supply voltage 100 User’s Manual Appendix C: Calculations & equations 11.2 Equations Voltage Phase voltage N − 128 samples in one period (up to 65 Hz) N − 128 samples in Mv periods (above 65Hz) Example: 400 Hz → N = 7 N ∑u Uf = 2 n n =1 N ∑ (u N Uxy = Phase-to-phase voltage ux, uy − phase voltages (Uf) N − a number of samples in a period n =1 N 1 − 3 − 6β ⋅ 100% 1 + 3 − 6β Uu = β= − u yn ) 2 xn 4 4 4 U12 fund + U 23fund + U 31fund (U 2 12 fund 2 + U 223fund + U 31 fund ) Voltage unbalance Ufund − first harmonic of phase-to-phase voltage 2 Current Phase current N − 128 samples in a period (up to 65 Hz) N − 128 samples in more periods (above 65 Hz) N IRMS = ∑ i2n n =1 N ∑(i +i +i N In = n =1 User’s Manual 1n 2n N ) 2 3n Neutral current i − n sample of phase current (1, 2 or 3) N = 128 samples in a period (up to 65 Hz) 101 Appendix C: Calculations & equations Power 1 N Pf = ⋅ ∑ (u fn ⋅ i fn ) N n =1 Active power by phases N − a number of periods n − a number of samples in a period f − phase designation Pt = P1 + P2 + P3 Total active power t − total power 1, 2, 3 − phase designation SignQ f (ϕ) ϕ ∈ [0° − 180°] ⇒ SignQ f (ϕ) = +1 Reactive power sign Qf − reactive power (by phases) φ − power angle Sf = U f ⋅ I f Apparent power by phases Uf − phase voltage If − phase current St = S1 + S2 + S3 Total apparent power Sf − apparent power by phases Q f = SignQ f (ϕ) ⋅ Sf2 − Pf2 Reactive power by phases Sf − apparent power by phases Pf − active power by phases Q t = Q1 + Q 2 + Q3 Total reactive power Qf − reactive power by phases ϕ ∈ [180° − 360°] ⇒ SignQ f (ϕ) = −1 ϕs = a tan 2(Pt , Q t ) ϕs = [− 180°, 179,99°] Total power angle Pt − total active power St − total apparent power PFt = Pt St 3 phase power factor P − total active power S − total apparent power PFf = Pf Sf Power factor by phases Pt − phase active power St − phase apparent power 102 User’s Manual Appendix C: Calculations & equations THD 63 I f THD(% ) = ∑ In 2 n =2 ⋅ 100 I1 63 U f THD(% ) = ∑U n n =2 Uf1 63 U ff THD(% ) = 2 f ∑U n =2 ff ⋅100 n2 U ff 1 ⋅100 Current THD I1 − value of first harmonic n − number of harmonic Phase voltage THD U1 − value of first harmonic n − number of harmonic Phase-to-phase voltage THD U1 − value of first harmonic n − number of harmonic Flickers P50S = (P30 + P50 + P80 ) 3 P10S = (P6 + P8 + P10 + P13 + P17 ) 5 P3S = (P2, 2 + P3 + P4 ) 3 P1S = (P1, 7 + P1 + P1,5 ) 3 Pst = Plt = 3 0,0314P0,1 + 00525P1S + 0,0657 P3S Pst − Short-term flicker intensity Short-term flicker intensity is measured in 10 minute periods. Px − flicker levels that are exceeded by x% in a 10-minute period (e.g. P0,1 represents a flicker level that is exceeded by 0.1% samples) + 0,28P10S + 0,08P50S Psti3 ∑ i =1 12 12 Plt − Long-term flicker intensity Calculated from twelve successive values of short-term flicker intensity in a two-hour period Energy Price in tariff = Price ⋅ 10 Tarif price exponent User’s Manual Total exponent of tariff price and energy price in all tariffs 103 Appendix D: Data Formats 12. APPENDIX D: DATA FORMATS 12.1 XML data format ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------105 Explanation of XML data format ....................................................................................................... 105 Example of alarms <data> package.................................................................................................... 105 Example of readings <data> package................................................................................................. 106 Example of acknowledgement package: ............................................................................................ 106 104 User’s Manual Appendix D: Data Formats 12.1 XML data format Currently, two XML formats are available. XML-smart is general purpose XML format whereas XML-logic is more proprietary, suitable for special customers. For this purpose only XML-smart format will be explained. Explanation of XML data format All data, which is prepared to be sent at next time interval is combined into element <data>. It comprises of elements <value>, which contain all information regarding every single reading. Attributes of element <value> are: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • logId: Identification code of data package. It is used as a confirmation key and should therefore be unique for each device. app: application type ?? storeType: data type ("measurement" or “alarm”) or quality report?? dataProvider: "xml001" ?? controlUnit: Serial number of the device that sent this data part: rekorder ?? datetimeUTC: UTC date and time of the beginning of current time interval in which data was sent (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss). ident: ID code of particular reading tFunc: thermal function (1= ON / 0 = OFF) cond: condition (1 = lower than; 0 = higher then) condVal: limit value almNum: alarm serial number. unit: Measuring Parameter Unit (V, A, VA, W, VAr…) tInterval: sampling interval in minutes dst: (daylight savings time) in minutes tzone: timezone in minutes Example of alarms <data> package <data logId="033350088" app="ML" storeType="alarm" dataProvider="xml001" controlUnit="MC004475" part="E" datetimeUTC="2009-07-15 21:29:07" dst="60" tzone=" 60"> <value ident="U1 " unit="V " tFunc="0" cond="0" condVal="200,00" almNum="01">100</value> <value ident="U2 " unit="V " tFunc="0" cond="0" condVal="200,00" almNum="02">101</value> <value ident="U3 " unit="V " tFunc="0" cond="0" condVal="200,00" almNum="03">99</value> </data> User’s Manual 105 Appendix D: Data Formats Example of readings <data> package <data logId="033324218" app="ML" storeType="measurement" dataProvider="xml001" controlUnit="MC004475" part="B" datetimeUTC="2009-09-16 3:00:00" dst="60" tzone=" 60" tInterval="015"> <value ident="U1 " unit="V ">234,47</value> <value ident="U2 " unit="V ">234,87</value> <value ident="U3 " unit="V ">234,52</value> <value ident="I1 " unit="A ">1,14</value> <value ident="I2 " unit="A ">1,50</value> <value ident="I3 " unit="A ">3,58</value> <value ident="P1 " unit="W ">-0,063e+03</value> <value ident="P2 " unit="W ">-0,101e+03</value> <value ident="P3 " unit="W ">0,281e+03</value> <value ident="P " unit="W ">0,11e+03</value> <value ident="Q " unit="var ">-1,37e+03</value> <value ident="E1 " unit="Wh">19620e+01</value> <value ident="E2 " unit="varh">6e+01</value> <value ident="E3 " unit="Wh">1303391e+01</value> <value ident="E4 " unit="varh">2999595e+01</value> <value ident="ePF " unit=" ">0,0820</value> </data> Example of acknowledgement package: <ack logId="033220002" datetimeUTC ="2008-01-31 23:00:50:000"></ack> 106 User’s Manual Printed in Slovenia • Subject to change without notice • Version 02 / Jul. 2010 • E 22.601.505 Printed in Slovenia • Subject to change without notice • Version 02 / Jul. 2010 • E 22.601.505 Printed in Slovenia • Subject to change without notice • Version 02 / Jul. 2010 • E 22.601.505 Iskra MIS, d. d. Ljubljanska cesta 24a SI-4000 Kranj, Slovenia Phone: 04 237 21 12 Fax: 04 237 21 29 E-mail: [email protected] www.iskra-mis.si Printed in Slovenia • Subject to change without notice • Version 02 / Jul. 2010 • E 22.601.505