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11 Calculation formulas
Total active energy
(consumed and
supplied)
EP+tot
EP-tot
Wh
𝐸𝑃+𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝐸𝑃+𝐴 + 𝐸𝑃+𝐵 + 𝐸𝑃+𝐶
Total Budeanu reactive
energy
(consumed and
supplied)
EQB+tot
EQB-tot
varh
𝐸𝑄𝐵+𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝐸𝑄𝐵+𝐴 + 𝐸𝑄𝐵+𝐵 + 𝐸𝑄𝐵+𝐶
Total fundamental
component reactive
energy
(consumed and
supplied)
EQ1+tot
EQ1-tot
varh
𝐸𝑄1+𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝐸𝑄1+𝐴 + 𝐸𝑄1+𝐵 + 𝐸𝑄1+𝐶
𝐸𝑃−𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝐸𝑃−𝐴 + 𝐸𝑃−𝐵 + 𝐸𝑃−𝐶
𝐸𝑄𝐵−𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝐸𝑄𝐵−𝐴 + 𝐸𝑄𝐵−𝐵 + 𝐸𝑄𝐵−𝐶
𝐸𝑄1−𝑡𝑜𝑡 = 𝐸𝑄1−𝐴 + 𝐸𝑄1−𝐵 + 𝐸𝑄1−𝐶
𝑚
Total apparent energy
RMS voltage zero
sequence component
𝐸𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑡 = � 𝑆𝑒 (𝑖)𝑇(𝑖)
EStot
U0
VAh
V
𝑈0 =
1
�𝑈 + 𝑈𝐵1 + 𝑈𝐶1 �
3 𝐴1
𝑈0 = 𝑚𝑎𝑔(𝑈0 )
Where UA1, UB1, UC1 are vectors of fundamental
components of phase-to-neutral voltages UA, UB, UC
Operator mag() means vector magnitude
1
𝑈1 = �𝑈𝐴1 + 𝑎𝑈𝐵1 + 𝑎2 𝑈𝐶1 �
3
RMS voltage positive
sequence component
U1
V
RMS voltage negative
sequence component
U2
V
u0
%
u2
%
Zero sequence
unbalance
Negative sequence
unbalance
𝑖=1
where:
i is a successive number of 10/12-period measuring
window
Se(i) represents effective apparent power Se calculated
in the ith measuring window
T(i) represents duration of the ith measuring window in
hours
𝑈1 = 𝑚𝑎𝑔(𝑈1 )
Where UA1, UB1, UC1 are vectors of fundamental
components of phase-to-neutral voltages UA, UB, UC
Operator mag() means vector magnitude
1 √3
𝑗
𝑎 = 1𝑒 𝑗120° = − +
2
2
1 √3
2
𝑗240°
𝑎 = 1𝑒
=− −
𝑗
2
2
1
2
𝑈2 = �𝑈𝐴1 + 𝑎 𝑈𝐵1 + 𝑎𝑈𝐶1 �
3
𝑈2 = 𝑚𝑎𝑔(𝑈2 )
Where UA1, UB1, UC1 are vectors of fundamental
components of phase-to-neutral UA, UB, UC
Operator mag() means vector magnitude
1 √3
𝑗
𝑎 = 1𝑒 𝑗120° = − +
2
2
1
√3
𝑎2 = 1𝑒 𝑗240° = − −
𝑗
2
2
𝑈0
𝑢0 =
∙ 100%
𝑈1
𝑈2
𝑢2 =
∙ 100%
𝑈1
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