Download GGU-UPLIFT - Index of

Calculation of buoyancy safety and safety against
hydraulic failure
GGU-UPLIFT
VERSION 6
Last revision:
July 2015
Prof. Dr. Johann Buß
Copyright:
Technical implementation and sales: Civilserve GmbH, Steinfeld
Contents:
1 Preface .................................................................................................................................. 4
2 Licence protection and installation .................................................................................... 4
3 Language selection............................................................................................................... 5
4 Starting the program ........................................................................................................... 5
5 Theoretical principles .......................................................................................................... 6
5.1 La Place differential equation .......................................................................................... 6
5.2 Buoyancy.......................................................................................................................... 6
5.2.1 Buoyancy safety using global safety factors............................................................ 6
5.2.2 Utilisation factor (buoyancy) using partial safety factors........................................ 7
5.3 Hydraulic failure .............................................................................................................. 8
5.3.1 Hydraulic failure safety using global safety factors................................................. 8
5.3.2 Utilisation factor (hydraulic failure) using partial safety factors ............................. 8
5.3.3 Analysis of hydraulic heave after Aulbach/Ziegler ................................................. 9
6 Worked examples............................................................................................................... 10
6.1 Example 1: Analysis using partial factors ...................................................................... 10
6.1.1 Description of the system (Ex. 1) .......................................................................... 10
6.1.2 Create new data set (Ex. 1) .................................................................................... 11
6.1.3 System data input (Ex. 1)....................................................................................... 12
6.1.4 Edit soils (Ex. 1) .................................................................................................... 12
6.1.5 Analyse system (Ex. 1) .......................................................................................... 13
6.1.6 Layout of the output sheet (Ex. 1) ......................................................................... 14
6.2 Example 2: Optimising the system................................................................................. 15
6.2.1 Create new data set (Ex. 2) .................................................................................... 15
6.2.2 System data input (Ex. 2)....................................................................................... 16
6.2.3 Edit soils (Ex. 2) .................................................................................................... 17
6.2.4 Analyse and optimize system (Ex. 2) .................................................................... 17
7 Description of menu items................................................................................................. 19
7.1 File menu........................................................................................................................ 19
7.1.1 "New" menu item................................................................................................... 19
7.1.2 "Load" menu item.................................................................................................. 19
7.1.3 "Save" menu item .................................................................................................. 20
7.1.4 "Save as" menu item .............................................................................................. 20
7.1.5 "Printer preferences" menu item............................................................................ 20
7.1.6 "Print and export" menu item ................................................................................ 20
7.1.7 "Batch print" menu item ........................................................................................ 22
7.1.8 "Exit" menu item.................................................................................................... 22
7.1.9 "1, 2, 3, 4" menu items........................................................................................... 22
7.2 Edit menu ....................................................................................................................... 23
7.2.1 "Project identification" menu item......................................................................... 23
7.2.2 "Analysis options" menu item................................................................................ 23
7.2.3 "System parameters" menu item ............................................................................ 23
7.2.3.1 Input for 'classical' analysis ........................................................................... 23
7.2.3.2 Input for analysis of hydraulic heave after Aulbach/Ziegler......................... 24
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7.2.4 "Soils" menu item .................................................................................................. 25
7.2.5 "Partial safety factors" menu item ......................................................................... 26
7.3 System menu .................................................................................................................. 27
7.3.1 "Analyse" menu item ............................................................................................. 27
7.3.2 "Optimise" menu item............................................................................................ 28
7.4 Output preferences menu ............................................................................................... 29
7.4.1 "General legend" menu item.................................................................................. 29
7.4.2 "System presentation" menu item .......................................................................... 30
7.4.3 "Buoyancy safety legend" menu item.................................................................... 31
7.4.4 "Hydraulic failure safety legend" menu item......................................................... 31
7.4.5 "Soil properties legend" menu item ....................................................................... 32
7.4.6 "Page size and margins" menu item....................................................................... 33
7.4.7 "Move objects" menu item..................................................................................... 33
7.5 Graphics preferences menu ............................................................................................ 34
7.5.1 "Refresh and zoom" menu item ............................................................................. 34
7.5.2 "Zoom info" menu item ......................................................................................... 34
7.5.3 "Legend font selection" menu item........................................................................ 34
7.5.4 "Margins and borders" menu item ......................................................................... 34
7.5.5 "Pen colour and width" menu item ........................................................................ 35
7.5.6 "Mini-CAD toolbar" menu item ............................................................................ 35
7.5.7 "Toolbar preferences" menu item .......................................................................... 35
7.5.8 "Load graphics preferences" menu item ................................................................ 36
7.5.9 "Save graphics preferences" menu item................................................................. 36
7.6 ? menu ............................................................................................................................ 37
7.6.1 "Copyright" menu item .......................................................................................... 37
7.6.2 "Help" menu item .................................................................................................. 37
7.6.3 "GGU on the web" menu item ............................................................................... 37
7.6.4 "GGU support" menu item..................................................................................... 37
7.6.5 "What’s new ?" menu item .................................................................................... 37
7.6.6 "Language preferences" menu item ....................................................................... 37
8 Tips and tricks.................................................................................................................... 38
8.1 Keyboard and mouse...................................................................................................... 38
8.2 Function keys ................................................................................................................. 38
8.3 "Copy/print area" icon.................................................................................................... 39
9 Index.................................................................................................................................... 40
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1 Preface
The GGU-UPLIFT program allows analysis of buoyancy safety and safety against hydraulic
failure. In addition, the hydraulic heave safety can be analysed using the Aulbach/Ziegler method
(Aulbach, Benjamin; Ziegler, Martin: Simplified design of excavation support and shafts for
safety against hydraulic heave (Einfache Bemessung von Baugruben und Schächten im Hinblick
auf die Sicherheit gegen hydraulischen Grundbruch). In: Geomechnics and Tunnelling 6 (2013),
No. 4, p. 362-374, ISSN 1865-7362).
Data input is in accordance with conventional WINDOWS operations and can therefore be learned
almost entirely without the use of a manual. Graphic output supports the true-type fonts supplied
with WINDOWS, so that excellent layout is guaranteed. Colour output and any graphics (e.g. files
in formats BMP, JPG, PSP, TIF, etc.) are supported. DXF files can also be imported by means of
the integrated Mini-CAD module (see the "Mini-CAD" manual).
The program has been thoroughly tested. No faults have been found. Nevertheless, liability for
completeness and correctness of the program and the manual, and for any damage resulting from
incompleteness or incorrectness, cannot be accepted.
2 Licence protection and installation
In order to guarantee a high degree of quality, a hardware-based copy protection system is used
for the GGU-UPLIFT program.
The GGU software protected by the CodeMeter copy protection system is only available in
conjunction with the CodeMeter stick copy protection component (hardware for connection to the
PC, "CM stick"). Because of the way the system is configured, the protected software can only be
operated with the corresponding CM stick. This creates a fixed link between the software licence
and the CM stick copy protection hardware; the licence as such is thus represented by the CM
stick. The correct Runtime Kit for the CodeMeter stick must be installed on your PC.
Upon start-up and during running, the GGU-UPLIFT program checks that a CM stick is
connected. If it has been removed, the program can no longer be executed.
For installation of GGU software and the CodeMeter software please refer to the information in
the Installation notes for GGU Software International, which are supplied with the program.
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3 Language selection
GGU-UPLIFT is a bilingual program. The program always starts with the language setting applicable when it was last ended.
The language preferences can be changed at any time in the "?" menu, using the menu item
"Spracheinstellung" (for German) or "Language preferences" (for English).
4 Starting the program
After starting the program, you will see two menus at the top of the window:
 File
 ?
By going to the "File" menu, a previously analysed system can be loaded by means of the "Load"
menu item, or a new one created using "New". The program allows simple input procedures by
moving directly to a dialog box after "New" is clicked; this can also be reached by pointing to the
"File/new" menu item (see Section 7.1.1) or "Edit/Analysis options" menu item. After confirming your inputs, six menus then appear at the top of the window:
 File
 Edit
 System
 Output preferences
 Graphics preferences
 ?
After clicking one of these menus, the so-called menu items roll down, allowing you access to all
program functions.
The program works on the principle of What you see is what you get. This means that the screen
presentation represents, overall, what you will see on your printer. In the last consequence, this
would mean that the screen presentation would have to be refreshed after every alteration you
make. For reasons of efficiency and as this can take several seconds for complex screen contents,
the GGU-UPLIFT screen is not refreshed after every alteration.
If you would like to refresh the screen contents, press either [F2] or [Esc]. The [Esc] key
additionally sets the screen visualisation back to your current zoom, which has the default value
1.0, corresponding to an A4 format sheet.
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5 Theoretical principles
5.1
La Place differential equation
For calculation of buoyancy safety and safety against hydraulic failure, knowledge of the potential
line is necessary. For this, the program solves the La Place differential equation for onedimensional groundwater flow.
k
5.2
5.2.1
d 2h
0
dx 2
Buoyancy
Buoyancy safety using global safety factors
The buoyancy safety for each soil layer is determined via a comparison of the soil weights to the
water pressures at the respective layer bases. Friction forces are not considered.
N


N
i 1
Gi
PN
 N = buoyancy safety of layer N
 Gi = self-weight of layer i
 PN = water pressure at base of layer N
 layer 1 (i = 1) is the uppermost layer
The minimum value of all N is the buoyancy safety of the system.
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5.2.2
Utilisation factor (buoyancy) using partial safety factors
Using the partial safety factor concept the following must be verified:
Ak   g , dst  i 1 Gki , stb   g , stb
N
 Ak = the characteristic hydrostatic buoyant force acting on the lower surface of the
complete structure, the soil layer in question or the excavation structure
 γg,dst = partial factor for destabilising permanent actions in the
UPL (EC 7) limit state
 Gk,stb = lower characteristic value of stabilising permanent actions
 γg,stb = partial factor for stabilising permanent actions in the
UPL (EC 7) limit state
 layer 1 (i = 1) is the uppermost layer
The so-called utilisation factor µ can also be calculated from this relationship.
N 
Ak   g ,dst

N
i 1
Gki ,stb   g ,stb
 µN = utilisation factor of layer N
Utilisation factors ≤ 1.0 mean that sufficient safety is given.
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5.3
5.3.1
Hydraulic failure
Hydraulic failure safety using global safety factors
The hydraulic heave safety for each layer below the excavation base is determined via a comparison of the soil weights to the flow forces at the respective layer bases.
N


N
i 1
G 'i
SN
 N = hydraulic failure safety of the layer N
 G'i = buoyant self-weight of layer i
 SN = flow force of layer N
 layer 1 (i = 1) is the uppermost layer
The minimum value of all N is the hydraulic failure safety of the system.
5.3.2
Utilisation factor (hydraulic failure) using partial safety factors
Using the partial safety factor concept the following must be verified:
S 'k   H  i 1 G 'ik   g , stb
N
 S'k = characteristic flow force on the percolated soil mass
 γH = partial factor for the flow force in favourable or unfavourable subsoil in the
HYD (EC 7) limit state
 G'k = characteristic dead load of the buoyant percolated soil mass
 γg,stb = partial factor for stabilising permanent actions in the
HYD (EC 7) limit state
 layer 1 (i = 1) is the uppermost layer
The so-called utilisation factor µ can also be calculated from this relationship.
N 

S 'k   H
N
i 1
G 'ik   g , stb
 µN = utilisation factor of layer N
Utilisation factors ≤ 1.0 mean that sufficient safety is given.
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5.3.3
Analysis of hydraulic heave after Aulbach/Ziegler
In 2013, Aulbach performed extensive investigations and derived a relationship for homogeneous
ground conditions (Aulbach, Benjamin: Hydraulischer Grundbruch - Zur erforderlichen Einbindetiefe bei Baugruben in nichtbindigem Baugrund, dissertation, RWTH Aachen, 2013, URN:
urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-46909). The hydraulic heave safety can thus be directly determined.
The relationship for the three-dimensional case is shown below (abstract from Aulbach & Ziegler
(2013) 1 ):
Equation (6) in Aulbach & Ziegler (2013)Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert. applies for the
plane case:
The result of the analysis is the necessary embedment depth.
1
Aulbach, Benjamin; Ziegler, Martin:
Simplified design of excavation support and shafts for safety against hydraulic heave = Einfache
Bemessung von Baugruben und Schächten im Hinblick auf die Sicherheit gegen hydraulischen
Grundbruch.
In: Geomechnics and Tunnelling 6 (2013), No. 4, p. 362-374, ISSN 1865-7362.
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6 Worked examples
6.1
6.1.1
Example 1: Analysis using partial factors
Description of the system (Ex. 1)
The following system is to be calculated:
GW U = 67.00
GW O = 65.50
Sand
1.35
65.00
Clay
0.65
Silt
1.00
63.65
63.00
62.00
The following data are given:

Base of excavation = 65.00 m AD

Water level at top of system = GWT = 65.50 m AD

Water level at bottom of system = GWB = 67.00 m AD
Soil
Base
[m AD]
Permeability
[m/s]
 / '
[kN/m³]
Sand
63.65
10-4
19/10
Clay
63.00
10-8
20/11
Silt
62.00
10-7
19/10
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6.1.2
Create new data set (Ex. 1)
Starting the program afresh you will be directly shown the dialog box of the menu item
"File/New". You can enter a project identification, which will then be displayed in the General
legend on the screen.
If you activate the "Use absolute heights" check box, the layer height input will be in absolute
coordinates (e.g. in m AD). Otherwise, "Top of system" corresponds to 0.0 m and all depth input
is positive downwards.
After clicking the "OK" button, the system is represented in section on the screen and the general
and soil properties legends displayed, showing default values.
The example can also be analysed using the "Partial safety factor concept (EC 7)", the input and
results are the same.
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6.1.3
System data input (Ex. 1)
Go to the "Edit/System parameters" menu item and enter the data from the following dialog box:
After clicking "OK" you will be asked whether the soil layers are to be adjusted to the new top of
the system. Adaptation would mean that the depth of a soil layer entered as a positive value would
be converted from, for example, 7.5 m to an absolute height of -7.5 m AD. If, then, you only convert your system to [m AD], do not perform the adjustment. Respond to the query with "No".
6.1.4
Edit soils (Ex. 1)
Select the menu item "Edit/Soils". You will see an input dialog box, containing the program
default values, namely a silt soil layer with the corresponding soil properties.
The example system has three soils. So, first, press the "Edit no. of soils" button and enter "3" as
the new number of soils. Confirm with "OK". Then edit the values for the three soils according to
the table in Section 6.1.1, "Description of the system (Ex. 1)".
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Confirm with "OK". The screen presentation will be refreshed accordingly.
6.1.5
Analyse system (Ex. 1)
Now select the menu item "System/Analyse". After a short time the calculation results appear.
The water pressure course is now additionally displayed in the system section. If you would rather
see the potential course instead, select the menu item "Output preferences/System presentation"
and activate the "As potential" switch in the "Display:" group box.
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After leaving the dialog box with "OK" the potential course is displayed in your system section.
6.1.6
Layout of the output sheet (Ex. 1)
Once the system has been calculated, a further legend to the soil properties legend is displayed,
containing the results for buoyancy safety, together with a legend containing the results for safety
against hydraulic failure. Position and format these legends according to your wishes (menu items
"Output preferences/General legend, System presentation, etc.") and send the results to your
printer (menu item "File/Print and export").
Enter a company letterhead. To do this, activate the Mini-CAD system by pointing to "Graphics
preferences/Mini-CAD toolbar" and load the example file "GGU-UPLIFT-e.kpf" using the
icon in the Mini-CAD pop-up menu. If desired, save the file to your hard drive
"Load"
(menu item "File/Save as"). If you would like to have a different sheet format to A4 (default),
select the menu item "Output preferences/Page size and margins". If you do not want the
outside borders to be displayed, click the "Graphics preferences/Margins and borders" menu
item and remove the tick in the "With borders" check box.
At any editing stage of your problem (including if the system has not been calculated), you can
have the current screen contents sent to the printer. Select the menu item "Print and export" from
the "File" menu. A dialog box appears, in which you select the "Printer" button. If necessary,
alter the printer alignment in the dialog box from "Portrait" to "Landscape" by clicking on the
appropriate button. If you are using a printer that cannot take a complete A4 page, then click on
the "Fit in" button. This will calculate a reduction factor (zoom factor), ensuring complete page
output to the printer. Otherwise, several pages will be printed. After this, select the "OK" button,
in order to start printer output. You will then get a graphic output in submission quality.
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6.2
6.2.1
Example 2: Optimising the system
Create new data set (Ex. 2)
Within the framework of a damage assessment case, you need to assess the buoyancy safety of a
basin floor for the "Basin empty" load case. At the bottom of the basin there is a 0.8 m thick clay
liner. The groundwater level below the liner is at 1.0 m below the top of the liner. Input is not to
be with absolute heights. Select the "File/New" menu item:
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After leaving the box with "OK" select the "Edit/Partial safety factors" menu item and enter the
partial safety factors given in the following dialog box:
6.2.2
System data input (Ex. 2)
Select the menu item "Edit/System parameters" and enter the water levels:
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6.2.3
Edit soils (Ex. 2)
Select the menu item "Edit/Soils" and enter the soil properties:
6.2.4
Analyse and optimize system (Ex. 2)
If you now point at the menu item "System/Analyse", you will get the following result:
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The required verification was not possible with the selected system configuration. Now go to the
menu item "System/Optimise" and enter the following variation range:
Confirm with "OK". You will get this result:
Thus, in order to achieve an optimum utilisation factor, a 1.29 m thick clay liner is required. If you
answer "Use ?" with "Yes", the system thickness determined here will be used as the new base in
"Edit/Soils". The results shown in the legends is automatically adjusted.
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7 Description of menu items
7.1
7.1.1
File menu
"New" menu item
You can enter a new system using this menu item. You will see the following dialog box:
In the first group box the radio buttons are used to specify which safety concept to use for analysis. The hydraulic heave analysis after Aulbach/Ziegler can be activated below this.
If you wish, you can enter a project identification, which will then be used in the General legend
(see Section 7.4.1).
Furthermore, you can specify whether analysis is to be performed using absolute heights (not
possible for Aulbach/Ziegler). If you activate the "Use absolute heights" check box, the layer
height input will be in absolute coordinates (e.g. in m AD). Otherwise, "Top of system" corresponds to 0.0 and all depth input is positive downwards.
If you have changed to one of the partial safety factor concepts, a dialog box will appear, after
confirming your input, in which you can edit the partial safety factors. This dialog box can also be
accessed via the menu item "Edit/Partial safety factors" (see Section 7.2.5). Verifications and
safety factors can be modified at any time using the above mentioned menu item.
7.1.2
"Load" menu item
You can load a file with system data, which was created and saved at a previous session, and then
edit the system.
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7.1.3
"Save" menu item
You can save data entered or edited during program use to a file, in order to have them available at
a later date, or to archive them. The data is saved without prompting with the name of the current
file.
7.1.4
"Save as" menu item
You can save data entered during program use to an existing file or to a new file, i.e. using a new
file name. For reasons of clarity, it makes sense to use ".aft" as file suffix, as this is the suffix used
in the file requester box for the menu item "File/Load". If you choose not to enter an extension
when saving, ".aft" will be used automatically.
7.1.5
"Printer preferences" menu item
You can edit printer preferences (e.g. swap between portrait and landscape) or change the printer
in accordance with WINDOWS conventions.
7.1.6
"Print and export" menu item
You can select your output format in a dialog box. You have the following possibilities:
 "Printer"
allows graphic output of the current screen contents. to the WINDOWS standard printer or
to any other printer selected using the menu item "File/Printer preferences". But you may
also select a different printer in the following dialog box by pressing the "Printer
prefs./change printer" button.
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In the upper part of the dialog box, the maximum dimensions which the printer can accept
are given. Below this, the dimensions of the image to be printed are given. If the image is
larger than the output format of the printer, the image will be printed to several pages (in
the above example, 4). In order to facilitate better re-connection of the images, the
possibility of entering an overlap for each page, in x and y direction, is given.
Alternatively, you also have the possibility of selecting a smaller zoom factor, ensuring
output to one page ("Fit to page" button). Following this, you can enlarge to the original
format on a copying machine, to ensure true scaling. Furthermore, you may enter the
number of copies to be printed.
 "DXF file"
allows output of the graphics to a XF file. DXF is a common file format for transferring
graphics between a variety of applications.
 "GGUCAD file"
allows output of the graphics to a file, in order to enable further processing with the
GGUCAD program. Compared to output as a DXF file this has the advantage that no loss
of colour quality occurs during export.
 "Clipboard"
The graphics are copied to the WINDOWS clipboard. From there, they can be imported
into other WINDOWS programs for further processing, e.g. into a word processor. In order
to import into any other WINDOWS program you must generally use the "Edit/Paste"
function of the respective application.
 "Metafile"
allows output of the graphics to a file in order to be further processed with third party
software. Output is in the standardised EMF format (Enhanced Metafile format). Use of the
Metafile format guarantees the best possible quality when transferring graphics.
If you select the "Copy/print area" tool
from the toolbar, you can copy parts of
the graphics to the clipboard or save them to an EMF file. Alternatively you can send
the marked area directly to your printer (see "Tips and tricks", Section 8.3).
Using the "Mini-CAD" program module you can also import EMF files generated using other GGU applications into your graphics.
 "MiniCAD"
allows export of the graphics to a file in order to enable importing to different GGU applications with the Mini-CAD module.
 "GGUMiniCAD"
allows export of the graphics to a file in order to enable processing in the GGUMiniCAD
program.
 "Cancel"
Printing is cancelled.
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7.1.7
"Batch print" menu item
If you would like to print several appendices at once, select this menu item. You will see the
following dialog box:
Create a list of files for printing using "Add" and selecting the desired files. The number of files is
displayed in the dialog box header. Using "Delete" you can mark and delete selected individual
files from the list. After selecting the "Delete all" button, you can compile a new list. Selection of
the desired printer and printer preferences is achieved by pressing the "Printer" button.
You then start printing by using the "Print" button. In the dialog box which then appears you can
select further preferences for printer output such as, e.g., the number of copies. These preferences
will be applied to all files in the list.
7.1.8
"Exit" menu item
After a confirmation prompt, you can quit the program.
7.1.9
"1, 2, 3, 4" menu items
The "1, 2, 3, 4" menu items show the last four files worked on. By selecting one of these menu
items the listed file will be loaded. If you have saved files in any other folder than the program
folder, you can save yourself the occasionally onerous rummaging through various sub-folders.
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7.2
Edit menu
7.2.1
"Project identification" menu item
You can enter a description of the data set for this system. The project identification will then be
used in the General legend (see section 7.4.1).
7.2.2
"Analysis options" menu item
Using this menu item you can edit the default preferences of the current system, e.g. change the
safety factor concept used during analysis. The dialog box corresponds to the box in the menu
item "File/New" (see descriptions in Section 7.1.1).
7.2.3
"System parameters" menu item
7.2.3.1
Input for 'classical' analysis
Using this menu item you define the system geometry by entering the groundwater level at the top
and bottom of the system
If the "Use absolute heights" check box has been activated (see Section 7.1.1), you must also
enter the height of the top of the system.
If the "Use absolute heights" check box has not been activated the top of the system always = 0.0 m and height input is positive downwards.
If you change to one of the partial safety factor concepts by activating the corresponding switch,
you will see a dialog box for partial factor input; this can be opened any time using the menu item
"Edit/Partial safety factors" (see Section 7.2.5).
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7.2.3.2
Input for analysis of hydraulic heave after Aulbach/Ziegler
Aulbach/Ziegler's method can only be applied to homogeneous ground conditions. The following
dialog box for entering the system data opens:
After Aulbach/Ziegler analysis of hydraulic heave can be performed for:
 Plane case
 Longitudinal side
 Short side or
 Corner.
Select the appropriate option from the combo box.
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7.2.4
"Soils" menu item
This menu item is not visible when using the Aulbach/Ziegler method, because the method can
only be applied in homogeneous ground conditions. For the 'classical' analysis, define your system's soil properties in the following dialog box:
 base of layer [m];
 unit weight of wet soil  [kN/m³];
 buoyant unit weight of soil  ' [kN/m³];
 permeability k [m/s].
If you need to enter a ground structure with more or less layers than currently present, you can
define the required number of layers using the "Edit no. of soils" button (see "Example 1: Edit
soils", Section 6.1.4).
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7.2.5
"Partial safety factors" menu item
If you have selected the partial safety factor concept, you can edit the partial safety factors, using
this dialog box:
If you press the "Info" button, you will see further information on the subsoil situation (favourable/unfavourable). In the "Default values" group box the partial factors for the various load cases
and subsoil conditions given in the DIN 1054:2010 and in the EC 7 can be selected by means of
the dialog box reached by clicking the "To DIN 1054:2010" button. The load case designations
were altered for the EC 7 partial safety factor concept:
 Load Case 1 is now DS-P: Persistent Design Situation
 Load Case 2 is now DS-T: Transient Design Situation
 Load Case 3 is now DS-A: Accidental Design Situation
In addition, there is a seismic design situation (DS-E). In the DS-E design situation all partial
factors = '1,0'.
It is also possible to select the partial safety factors compliant with Austrian standards using the
"To ÖNORM EN 1997-1" button.
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7.3
7.3.1
System menu
"Analyse" menu item
With this menu item you can begin calculating the system. First, a plausibility check of the input
data will be carried out. If necessary, you will see an error message, with an appropriate note on
corrections. Then a dialog box with the analysis results appears, shown below for a 'classical'
analysis:
When using the Aulbach/Ziegler method you will see the following result box, for example:
The resulting utilisation factor µ is given by division of required T/working T.
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7.3.2
"Optimise" menu item
Occasionally, it is desirable to determine the system dimensions which result in a certain, just
sufficient, buoyancy safety or sufficient safety against hydraulic failure. This menu item can be
helpful here.
In the upper part of the dialog box you specify whether the top of the system or the bottom is to be
varied. If you activate the "Vary top of system" switch, you can additionally specify whether the
groundwater level is to be kept constant during variation, or whether it is to be kept at a constant
distance to the top of the system.
In the "Buoyancy" and "Hydraulic failure" group boxes you can define the safety to be
optimised by activating the appropriate check boxes. If you have selected global safety factors as
the analysis method, the safety factor input boxes are shown here. These boxes are not shown if
you have selected partial safety factors as the analysis method, because in this case the editable
partial safety factors ("Edit" menu) are used automatically.
In the "Variation range" group box you define the range and the increments for optimisation.
An example for system optimising can be found in Section 6.2, "Example 2: Optimising the
system".
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7.4
7.4.1
Output preferences menu
"General legend" menu item
A legend with general properties will be displayed on your output sheet. Using the dialog box of
this menu item you can alter the type of visualisation, if you have activated the "Show legend"
check box.
You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values "x" and "y". You control the
size of the legend using "Font size", the frame can be switched off.
The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the [F11] function key and
then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed.
In the General legend you can, if wished, display information on the program (name and version),
on the adopted standard and on the current file (name, path, time info). Any project identification
entered will also be shown in the General legend. By activating the check boxes of the lower
group box the used partial safety factors can be displayed additionally in the legend.
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7.4.2
"System presentation" menu item
If the "Show system" check box is activated in the following dialog box you will see a graphics of
your groundwater system and the analysis results represented within it. In the upper field you
define your preferences for the system in general, and in the lower group box you can influence
the appearance of your calculation results. If you have activated the Aulbach/Ziegler method, only
the uppermost settings are available.
Representation uses the "x" and "y" coordinates defined, together with "Width" and "Height".
You also define the "Font size" for labelling.
The fastest way to modify the position of the system graphics is to press the [F11] function
key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed.
 "With layer thickness"
The layer thicknesses are represented using dimension lines.
 "With soil names"
The defined soils are represented with their respective names.
 Display: "Without", "As water pressure", "As potential", "As gradient".
The results of the groundwater analysis are presented according to the option buttons selected in the display group box.
 "Position", "Width"
You enter the position and width of the result presentation in percentage values; this allows
the results to always be presented in the same position within the system, and with the same
percentage width, even if the total width of the system representation is altered.
 "Colour", "Hatch"
The results can be presented either in colour or hatched; the colour used is that defined in
menu item "Graphics preferences/Pen colour and width" for "Water pressure" (see
Section 7.5.5). The hatch separation is defined in the text box below this.
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7.4.3
"Buoyancy safety legend" menu item
When the system has been calculated, the buoyancy safety results can be displayed in a legend.
You can alter the shape and appearance of the legend, if the "Show legend" check box is activated.
You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values "x" and "y". The size of the
legend is controlled by the values for "Font size" and "Max. no. of lines"; where necessary, several columns are used.
7.4.4
"Hydraulic failure safety legend" menu item
When the system has been calculated, the hydraulic failure safety results can be displayed in a
legend. You can alter the shape and appearance of the legend, if the "Show legend" check box is
activated.
You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values "x" and "y". The size of the
legend is controlled by the values for "Font size" and "Max. no. of lines"; where necessary, several columns are used.
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7.4.5
"Soil properties legend" menu item
A legend with the soil properties of the individual layers will be displayed on your output sheet. If
you have activated the "Show legend" check box, you can alter the type of visualisation using the
dialog box of this menu item.
You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values "x" and "y". You control the
size of the legend using "Font size".
The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the [F11] function key and
then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed.
 "With depths"
The depths of the individual soil layers will be shown in the soil properties legend.
 "Legend coloured"
The soil colours are displayed in the legend. Otherwise, they will be numbered.
 "Automatic colours"
The soils are assigned soils colours automatically by the program. If the check box is not
selected, the soil colours individually defined using the "Soil colours" button will be
adopted.
 "Soil colours"
You will see a dialog box, in which you can define your preferences. After clicking the
button with the desired number you can assign each soil layer a new number or reorganise
using the "Soil colours/Reorganise" command button. You can save your colour preferences to a file with "Soil colours/Save" and use them for different systems by means of the
"Soil colours/Load" command button. In the lower group box you can also transfer the
colour preferences to the Windows colour management dialog box, or vice versa, as userdefined colour preferences for example. You can read a further description by pressing the
"Info" button.
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7.4.6
"Page size and margins" menu item
The default page set-up is A4 when the program is started. You can edit the page format in the
following dialog box.
 "Page in general" defines the size of the output sheet. The A3 format is set as default. The
program automatically draws thin cutting borders around the page, which are required
when using a plotter on paper rolls. The borders can be switched off using the menu item
"Graphics preferences/Margins and borders" (see Section 7.5.4).
 "Page margins" defines the position of a frame as a distance to the margins. This frame
encloses the subsequent diagram. The margins can be switched off using the menu item
"Graphics preferences/Margins and borders" (see Section 7.5.4).
In order to achieve 1:1 output on an A4 printer the borders must be switched off and the page
height and page margins be adapted to the printable area of the printer.
7.4.7
"Move objects" menu item
When you go to this item you can move the various objects and legends with the aid of the mouse.
Move the mouse over the object to be moved. When you are located above a moveable object the
mouse pointer appears in the shape of a cross. You can now press and hold the left mouse button
and drag the object to the required position.
After going to this menu item only one object at a time can be moved using the mouse. In
order to move several objects, this function can be more quickly activated by pressing
[F11] or the
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icon.
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7.5
7.5.1
Graphics preferences menu
"Refresh and zoom" menu item
The program works on the principle of What you see is what you get. This means that the screen
presentation represents, overall, what you will see on your printer. In the last consequence, this
would mean that the screen presentation would have to be refreshed after every alteration you
make. For reasons of efficiency and as this can take several seconds for complex screen contents,
the screen is not refreshed after every alteration.
If, e.g., after using the zoom function (see below), only part of the image is visible, you can achieve a complete view using this menu item.
A zoom factor between 0.4 and 8.0 can be entered in the input box. By then clicking on "Use" to
exit the box the current factor is accepted. By clicking on the "0.4", "0.6", etc. buttons, the selected factor is used directly and the dialog box closed.
It is much simpler, however, to get a complete overview using [Esc]. Pressing [Esc] allows a complete screen presentation using the zoom factor specified in this menu item. The [F2] key allows
screen refreshing without altering the coordinates and zoom factor.
7.5.2
"Zoom info" menu item
By clicking two diametrically opposed points you can enlarge a section of the screen in order to
view details better. An information box provides information on activating the zoom function and
on available options.
7.5.3
"Legend font selection" menu item
With this menu item you can switch to a different true-type font. All available true-type fonts are
displayed in the dialog box.
7.5.4
"Margins and borders" menu item
The program automatically draws thin cutting edges around the page, which are required when
using a plotter on paper rolls. Page margins (see menu item "Output preferences/Page size and
margins", Section 7.4.6) defines the position of a frame as a distance to the cutting border. This
frame encloses the subsequent diagram. You can switch off the lines by deactivating the "With
margins" and "With borders" check boxes.
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7.5.5
"Pen colour and width" menu item
In order to enhance the clarity of the graphics you can edit the pen settings for various graphic
elements.
You can edit the pen widths for the elements shown in the dialog box; by clicking on the button
with the element designation you can also edit the pen or fill colours.
On monochrome printers (e.g. laser printers), colours are shown in a corresponding grey scale.
Graphic elements employing very light colours may be difficult to see. In such cases it makes
sense to edit the colour preferences.
7.5.6
"Mini-CAD toolbar" menu item
Using this menu item you can add free text to the graphics and add lines, circles, polygons and
images (e.g. files in formats BMP, JPG, PSP, TIF, etc.). A pop-up menu opens, the icons and
functions used are described in more detail in the Mini-CAD manual provided.
Objects created with the "Mini-CAD" tool are based on the page format (in mm). This makes you
independent of the coordinate system and keeps you in the same position on the page. You should
select the "Mini-CAD toolbar" if you wish to place general information on the drawing (company
logo, report numbers, plan numbers, stamp etc.). Once you have saved the header information to
disk (see Mini-CAD user manual), you can load it into completely different systems (with different system coordinates). The saved header information will appear in exactly the same position on
the page, which greatly simplifies the creation of general page information
7.5.7
"Toolbar preferences" menu item
After starting the program a horizontal toolbar appears below the program menu bar. If you would
rather work with a popup window with several columns, you can specify your preferences using
this menu item. The smart icons can also be switched off.
At the bottom of the program window you find a status bar with further information. You can also
activate or switch off the status bar here. The preferences will be saved in the "GGUUPLIFT.alg" file (see menu item "Graphics preferences/Save graphics preferences") and will
be active at the next time the program is started.
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By clicking on the tools (smart icons) for the menu items you can directly reach most of the
program functions. The meaning of the smart icons appears as a text box if you hover with the
mouse pointer over the tools. Some of the tool functions cannot be activated from the normal
menu items.
"Zoom out"
If you have previously zoomed in, this tool returns to a full screen display.
"Zoom (-)" /"Zoom (+)"
With the zoom functions you can zoom in or out of parts of the image, by clicking the left mouse
button.
"Copy/print area"
Use this tool to copy only parts of the graphics in order to paste them, e.g. to a report. You will see
information on this function and can then mark an area, which is copied to the clipboard or can be
saved in a file. Alternatively you can send the marked area directly to your printer (see "Tips and
tricks", Section 8.3).
"Colour on/off"
If you need to remove the colour from the system presentation, to create a black and white
printout, for example, use this on/off switch.
7.5.8
"Load graphics preferences" menu item
You can reload a graphics preferences file into the program, which was saved using the
"Graphics preferences/Save graphics preferences" menu item. Only the corresponding data will
be refreshed.
7.5.9
"Save graphics preferences" menu item
Some of the preferences you made with the menu items of the "Graphics preferences" menu can
be saved to a file. If you select "GGU-UPLIFT.alg" as file name, and save the file on the same
level as the program, the data will be automatically loaded the next time the program is started and
need not be entered again.
If you do not go to "File/New" upon starting the program, but open a previously saved file
instead, the preferences used at the time of saving are shown. If subsequent changes in the
general preferences are to be used for existing files, these preferences must be imported using the menu item "Graphics preferences/Load graphics preferences".
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7.6
7.6.1
? menu
"Copyright" menu item
You will see a copyright message and information on the program version number.
The "System" button shows information on your computer configuration and the folders used by
GGU-UPLIFT.
7.6.2
"Help" menu item
The GGU-UPLIFT manual is opened as a PDF document. The help function can also be accessed
using the [F1] function key.
7.6.3
"GGU on the web" menu item
Using this menu item you can access the GGU Software website: www.ggu-software.com.
Keep in touch with new program versions and the regular download offers.
If you would like to be automatically notified about program innovations, please register for the
Newsletter in our Knowledge Base. Go to the following website: http://kbase.civilserve.com.
7.6.4
"GGU support" menu item
This menu item takes to the GGU-Software Support area at www.ggu-software.com.
7.6.5
"What’s new ?" menu item
You will see information on program improvements and bug fixes in comparison to older versions.
7.6.6
"Language preferences" menu item
This menu item allows you to switch the menus and the graphics from German to English and vice
versa. To work in German, deactivate the two check boxes "Dialoge + Menüs übersetzen
(translate dialogues, menus)" und "Graphiktexte übersetzen (translate graphics)".
Alternatively, you can work bilingually, e.g. with German dialog boxes but with graphic output in
English. The program always starts with the language setting applicable when it was last ended.
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8 Tips and tricks
8.1
Keyboard and mouse
You can scroll the screen with the keyboard using the cursor keys and the [Page up] and [Page
down] keys. By clicking and pulling with the mouse, with [Ctrl] pressed, you activate the zoom
function, i.e. the selected section will fill the screen. Furthermore you can use the mouse wheel to
zoom in/out or scrolling the screen presentation. The following mouse wheel functions are
available:
 Mouse wheel up
= move screen image up
 Mouse wheel down
= move screen image down
 [Ctrl] + mouse wheel up
= enlarge screen image (zoom in)
 [Ctrl] + mouse wheel down
= shrink screen image (zoom out)
 [Shift] + mouse wheel up
= move screen image right
 [Shift] + mouse wheel down
= move screen image left
If you click the right mouse button anywhere on the screen a context menu containing the principal menu items opens.
By double-clicking the left mouse button on legends or Mini-CAD objects, you will immediately
move to the editor for the selected object and can then edit it.
8.2
Function keys
Some of the function keys are assigned program functions. The allocations are noted after the
corresponding menu items. The individual function key allocations are:
 [Esc] refreshes the screen contents and sets the screen back to the given format (A4). This
is useful if, for example, you have used the zoom function to display parts of the screen and
would like to quickly return to a complete overview.
 [F1] opens the manual file.
 [F2] refreshes the screen without altering the current magnification.
 [F5] opens the menu item "System/Analyse".
 [F6] opens the menu item "System/Optimise".
 [F11] activates the menu item "Output preferences/Move objects".
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8.3
"Copy/print area" icon
A dialog box opens when the "Copy/print area" icon
in the menu toolbar is clicked, describing the options available for this function. For example, using this icon it is possible to either
copy areas of the screen graphics and paste them into the report, or send them directly to a printer.
In the dialog box, first select where the copied area should be transferred to: "Clipboard",
"File" or "Printer". The cursor is displayed as a cross after leaving the dialog box and, keeping
the left mouse button pressed, the required area may be enclosed. If the marked area does not suit
your requirements, abort the subsequent boxes and restart the function by clicking the icon again.
If "Clipboard" was selected, move to the MS Word document (for example) after marking the
area and paste the copied graphics using "Edit/Paste".
If "File" was selected, the following dialog box opens once the area has been defined:
The default location of the file is the folder from which the program is started and, if several files
are created, the file is given the file name "Image0.emf" with sequential numbering. If the
"Rename" button in the dialog box is clicked, a file selector box opens and the copied area can be
saved under a different name in a user-defined folder. Saving can be aborted by pressing the "Delete" button.
If the "Printer" button was pressed in the first dialog box, a dialog box for defining the printer
settings opens after marking the area. Following this, a dialog box for defining the image output
settings opens. After confirming the settings the defined area is output to the selected printer.
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9 Index
A
Absolute heights, use.................................. 11, 19
Aulbach/Ziegler, activate method..................... 19
Graphics, add via Mini-CAD............................ 35
Groundwater, define colour .............................. 35
Groundwater, define top/bottom of system ...... 23
Groundwater, display system............................ 30
H
B
Buoyancy safety, analysis using global
safety factors .................................................. 6
Buoyancy safety, analysis using partial
safety factors .................................................. 7
Buoyancy safety, display in legend .................. 31
Hydraulic failure safety, display in legend ....... 31
Hydraulic heave safety, after Aulbach/Ziegler ... 9
Hydraulic heave safety, analysis using
global safety factors ....................................... 8
Hydraulic heave safety, analysis using
partial safety factors ....................................... 8
C
I
Clipboard .......................................................... 21
CodeMeter stick.................................................. 4
Colour, define for soils ..................................... 32
Colour, switch on/off........................................ 36
Colour/pens, define for graphical elements ...... 35
Company logo, add via Mini-CAD .................. 35
Context menu, open.......................................... 38
Copy/print area ..................................... 21, 36, 39
Cutting borders, switch on/off .......................... 34
Installation .......................................................... 4
D
Dataset description, display.............................. 29
Differential equation after La Place.................... 6
Dimension lines, activate visualisation............. 30
DXF file, export................................................ 21
DXF file, import ................................................. 4
K
Knowledge Base, access................................... 37
L
La Place differential equation............................. 6
Language preferences ................................... 5, 37
Legend, move with mouse................................ 33
Licence protection .............................................. 4
Load cases, adopt in accordance with
DIN 1054-2005/EC 7 ................................... 26
M
Earth quake, as design situation to EC 7 .......... 26
EC 7, load cases description ............................. 26
EMF format ...................................................... 21
Manual, open as PDF file ................................. 37
Metafile, export ................................................ 21
Mini-CAD file, export ...................................... 21
Mini-CAD, use ................................................. 35
Mouse click functions....................................... 38
Mouse wheel functions ..................................... 38
F
O
File, display name in legend ............................. 29
File, load/save................................................... 19
Flow force, characteristic ................................... 8
Flow force, for hydraulic heave safety ............... 8
Font size, buoyancy safety legend.................... 31
Font size, general legend .................................. 29
Font size, hydraulic failure safety legend ......... 31
Font size, soil properties legend ....................... 32
Font size, system presentation .......................... 30
Font, select........................................................ 34
Function keys ................................................... 38
Objects, move with mouse................................ 33
ÖNORM EN 1997-1,
select partial safety factors ........................... 26
Optimisation, specify variation range............... 28
E
G
General page information, add via
Mini-CAD .................................................... 35
GGUCAD file, export....................................... 21
GGUMiniCAD file, export............................... 21
GGU-UPLIFT User Manual
P
Page format, define........................................... 33
Page margins, define......................................... 33
Page margins, switch on/off ............................. 34
Page section, copy/print.............................. 36, 39
Partial factors, define........................................ 26
Partial safety factors, display in legend ............ 29
Partial safety factors, edit ................................. 19
Partial safety factors, select from
ÖNORM EN 1997-1 .................................... 26
Pen preferences, edit for graphical elements .... 35
Permeability, define.......................................... 25
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Potential course, activate visualisation ............. 13
Print, graphics................................................... 20
Print, section......................................... 21, 36, 39
Print, several files ............................................. 22
Printer preferences............................................ 20
Program, display name in legend...................... 29
Program, load/save preferences ........................ 36
Program, show improvements .......................... 37
Program, show information .............................. 37
Project data, add via Mini-CAD ....................... 35
Project identification, display ........................... 29
Project identification, enter............................... 23
System, show information ................................ 37
T
Toolbar, edit for menu items ............................ 35
Translation, activate ......................................... 37
True-type font................................................... 34
U
Utilisation factor, buoyancy ............................... 7
Utilisation factor, display in legend.................. 31
Utilisation factor, hydraulic heave...................... 8
R
Record description, enter.................................. 23
V
S
Variation range, specify for optimisation ......... 28
Version number, display in a message box....... 37
Version number, display in legend ................... 29
Safety concept, select ....................................... 19
Safety factor, display in legend ........................ 31
Scroll the screen ............................................... 38
Smart icons, for menu items ............................. 36
Soil colour/number, activate display ................ 32
Soil layers, adjust to absolute heights............... 12
Soil layers, define ............................................. 12
Soil names, activate visualisation ..................... 30
Soil properties, display in legend ..................... 32
Soil properties, enter......................................... 25
Soil properties, enter after Aulbach/Ziegler ..... 24
Soil, define colours........................................... 32
Standard, display in legend............................... 29
Status bar main program, activate .................... 35
System properties, display in legend ................ 29
GGU-UPLIFT User Manual
W
Water pressure course, activate visualisation ... 13
Water pressure, define fill colour ..................... 35
Weight of soil, define ....................................... 25
What you see is what you get ........................... 34
Z
Zoom factor, define for full-screen display ...... 34
Zoom function, activate........................ 34, 36, 38
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