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Ethanol (Absolute, Aaper Alcohol) Random hexamer primer (1 μg/μl, Roche Diagnostics) Microcentrifuge tubes (nuclease-free) Heating block or water bath preset to 16◦ C, 37◦ C, 42◦ C, 65◦ C, 70◦ C, 95◦ C Concentrator/evaporator Vortex Perform first-round RNA amplification 1. For each reaction, mix the following components in a nuclease-free microcentrifuge tube: 0.5 μg/μl T7-oligo(dT) primer total RNA extracted from LM sample H2 O (DEPC-treated) 1 μl 20 to 100 ng to 10.5 μl. 2. Incubate the samples 10 min at 65◦ C and cool on ice for 5 to 10 min. The primer anneals to poly(A)-containing RNA during this step, and thereby attaches a copy of the T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence to the cDNA molecules that will be synthesized in the following steps 3. Collect the samples by “quick-spin” centrifugation 30 sec at 600 × g. 4. Add 8.5 μl of the following mixture to each tube: 10 mM dNTP mix 5× first-strand buffer 0.1 M DTT 40 U/μl RNAseOUT 5 μg/μl T4 gene 32 protein 1 μl 4 μl 2 μl 1 μl 0.5 μl. NOTE: When preparing a cocktail master mixture to accommodate multiple samples, excess reagents should be prepared to compensate for reagent loss during pipetting. RNaseOUT is an inhibitor of RNaseA, RNaseB, and RNaseC type ribonucleases, and is added to help prevent degradation of RNA samples during the ensuing reverse transcriptase reaction. 5. Mix gently and add 1 μl of Superscript II (200 U/μl) to each tube. 6. Incubate 1 hr at 42◦ C. If necessary, at this point the samples can be stored indefinitely at –20◦ C. Reverse-transcription of the RNA occurs during this step to form single-stranded DNA that contains the T7 RNA polymerase promoter at 5 end. 7. Add 130 μl of the following mixture to each 20-μl reaction: 10× E. coli DNA polymerase I buffer 10 mM dNTP mix 260 μM β-NAD+ 10 U/μl E. coli DNA polymerase I 2 U/μl RNase H 10 U/μl E. coli DNA ligase H2 O 15 μl 3 μl 15 μl 4 μl 1 μl 1 μl 91 μl. NOTE: Prepare excess reagent mixture to compensate for reagent loss during pipetting. Laser Microdissection and Amplification of Plant RNA 25A.3.8 Supplement 87 8. Mix gently and incubate 2 hr at 16◦ C. During this step, DNA polymerase I synthesizes second-strand DNA molecules while DNA ligase will ligate the new molecules into a single, uninterrupted DNA strand. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology