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requests—generally, a client can send multiple requests to the server and does
not need to wait for responses in between, and the LDAP server can return
responses in any order. Microsoft’s Active Directory and Fedora Directory Server
are two examples of heavyweight LDAP implementations.
LILO—LInux LOader
When a computer that has LILO installed is booted, the BIOS passes control to
LILO from disk, and allows a user to make boot-time choices such as selecting
different kernels or kernel options. Once an option is selected, LILO loads the
relevant kernel and transfers control and options to it in order to boot an operating system. LILO has fallen out of favor among general Linux distributions, in
favor of GRUB. (See also GRUB.)
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Masquerading
IP Masquerading is a synonym for Network Address Translation (NAT).
MIB—Management Information Base
In the context of SNMP, it is a hierarchical structure that describes all the objects
that an agent can be queried about or in some cases written to. The MIB for each
agent contains the name, Object Identifier (OID), data type, and read or read/
write status of each object. Network equipment (agents) designed to be managed
by SNMP must contain a MIB with objects relevant to the device’s operation,
and the manager for that agent must also know what can be sanely accessed on
the agent. In reality, there is one MIB and the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA) manages the structure of it. Devices only implement a subset
of the MIB tree with objects relevant to their operation.
Modem
From MOdulate/DEModulate, a modem is a device that encodes (by modulation of a carrier signal) digital data for transmission over an analog phone
connection, and decodes a received analog signal back into a digital stream.
Modems are best known for connecting two computers over the telephone system, but different forms of modems using other analog transmission mediums
(such as radio) exist.
MPPE—Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption
A protocol used to encrypt PPP and VPN connections. MPPE uses RSA’s RC4
encryption using up to 128-bit session keys. Session keys are changed frequently
for extra security, but due to keys being derived from information originally sent
as plaintext, MPPE is not particularly robust encryption.
Multicast
IP Multicast is the process of sending a packet to multiple machines on a
network. Contrast this with Unicast (sending to one host only) and with Broadcasting (sending to all hosts). Multicast only requires the source to send a packet
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